Insights into reptile dermal contaminant exposure: Reptile skin permeability to pesticides

Chemosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Weir ◽  
Larry G. Talent ◽  
Todd A. Anderson ◽  
Christopher J. Salice
Keyword(s):  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Contaminant Exposure

Nanocarriers and their Actions to Improve Skin Permeability and Transdermal Drug Delivery

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 2848-2866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nauman Khan ◽  
Mohd Harun ◽  
Asif Nawaz ◽  
Nurulaini Harjoh ◽  
Tin Wong
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Skin Permeability

Skin Permeability

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schaefer ◽  
A. Zesch ◽  
G. Stüttgen
Keyword(s):  
Skin Permeability

scholarly journals Non-invasive skin sampling of tryptophan/kynurenine ratio in vitro towards a skin cancer biomarker

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Skaidre Jankovskaja ◽  
Johan Engblom ◽  
Melinda Rezeli ◽  
György Marko-Varga ◽  
Tautgirdas Ruzgas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Cancer Biomarker ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractThe tryptophan to kynurenine ratio (Trp/Kyn) has been proposed as a cancer biomarker. Non-invasive topical sampling of Trp/Kyn can therefore serve as a promising concept for skin cancer diagnostics. By performing in vitro pig skin permeability studies, we conclude that non-invasive topical sampling of Trp and Kyn is feasible. We explore the influence of different experimental conditions, which are relevant for the clinical in vivo setting, such as pH variations, sampling time, and microbial degradation of Trp and Kyn. The permeabilities of Trp and Kyn are overall similar. However, the permeated Trp/Kyn ratio is generally higher than unity due to endogenous Trp, which should be taken into account to obtain a non-biased Trp/Kyn ratio accurately reflecting systemic concentrations. Additionally, prolonged sampling time is associated with bacterial Trp and Kyn degradation and should be considered in a clinical setting. Finally, the experimental results are supported by the four permeation pathways model, predicting that the hydrophilic Trp and Kyn molecules mainly permeate through lipid defects (i.e., the porous pathway). However, the hydrophobic indole ring of Trp is suggested to result in a small but noticeable relative increase of Trp diffusion via pathways across the SC lipid lamellae, while the shunt pathway is proposed to slightly favor permeation of Kyn relative to Trp.

scholarly journals Correlation between the structure and skin permeability of compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruolan Zeng ◽  
Jiyong Deng ◽  
Limin Dang ◽  
Xinliang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Large Data ◽  
Qsar Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Svm Algorithm ◽  
Svm Model ◽  
Toxicity Relationship

AbstractA three-descriptor quantitative structure–activity/toxicity relationship (QSAR/QSTR) model was developed for the skin permeability of a sufficiently large data set consisting of 274 compounds, by applying support vector machine (SVM) together with genetic algorithm. The optimal SVM model possesses the coefficient of determination R2 of 0.946 and root mean square (rms) error of 0.253 for the training set of 139 compounds; and a R2 of 0.872 and rms of 0.302 for the test set of 135 compounds. Compared with other models reported in the literature, our SVM model shows better statistical performance in a model that deals with more samples in the test set. Therefore, applying a SVM algorithm to develop a nonlinear QSAR model for skin permeability was achieved.

Soft Malleable Vesicles: versatile carriers for efficient topical delivery of fungal therapeutics

Drug Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Gupta ◽  
Antesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Mahesh Prasad ◽  
Poonam Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Topical Delivery ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Efficient Delivery

AbstractFungal infections have become a subject of great concern and the incidence of fungal infections is increasing, presenting an enormous challenge to healthcare professionals. Since most of the fungal infections are occurring over the skin, the treatment option of these infections always involves topical application. However, in topical delivery drug reaches into systemic circulation through different barriers of skin. Nevertheless, due to the low permeability, skin restricts the movement of many drugs. Hence, a delivery system is required, which deliver the medicament into the skin layers or through the skin and into the systemic circulation. Ethosomes or Soft malleable vesicles are the novel lipid vesicular carrier that offer improved skin permeability and efficient delivery due to their structure and composition. They contain high concentration of ethanol, which increases the fluidity of the skin. Therefore, in the present paper, we have explored the utility of ethosomal systems in the topical treatment of fungal infections. Structure, compositions types, mechanism and techniques of preparation of ethosome also discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects of Potential Probiotics of Bacillus spp. Isolated from Human Microbiota: In Vitro and In Silico Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Alfonso Torres-Sánchez ◽  
Jesús Pardo-Cacho ◽  
Ana López-Moreno ◽  
Ángel Ruiz-Moreno ◽  
Klara Cerk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Contaminant Exposure ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
In Silico Methods

The variable taxa components of human gut microbiota seem to have an enormous biotechnological potential that is not yet well explored. To investigate the usefulness and applications of its biocompounds and/or bioactive substances would have a dual impact, allowing us to better understand the ecology of these microbiota consortia and to obtain resources for extended uses. Our research team has obtained a catalogue of isolated and typified strains from microbiota showing resistance to dietary contaminants and obesogens. Special attention was paid to cultivable Bacillus species as potential next-generation probiotics (NGP) together with their antimicrobial production and ecological impacts. The objective of the present work focused on bioinformatic genome data mining and phenotypic analyses for antimicrobial production. In silico methods were applied over the phylogenetically closest type strain genomes of the microbiota Bacillus spp. isolates and standardized antimicrobial production procedures were used. The main results showed partial and complete gene identification and presence of polyketide (PK) clusters on the whole genome sequences (WGS) analysed. Moreover, specific antimicrobial effects against B. cereus, B. circulans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Salmonella spp. confirmed their capacity of antimicrobial production. In conclusion, Bacillus strains isolated from human gut microbiota and taxonomic group, resistant to Bisphenols as xenobiotics type endocrine disruptors, showed parallel PKS biosynthesis and a phenotypic antimicrobial effect. This could modulate the composition of human gut microbiota and therefore its functionalities, becoming a predominant group when high contaminant exposure conditions are present.

Combination of Microemulsion for Topical Deliverying Tripterygium Wilfordii Multiglycoside

2011 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 881-885
Author(s):  
Xin He ◽  
Xing Hua Zhao ◽  
Wu Qing Ou Yang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Suppression ◽  
Topical Delivery ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Tripterygium Wilfordii ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Spherical Droplets

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential application of the combination of microemulsion as a topical delivery vehicle in enhancing the absorption and efficacy of tripterygium wilfordii multiglycoside (TWM). Various microemulsion formulations were developed and an optimal microemulsion (TWM-ME)，which presented spherical droplets and consisted of RH-40, IPM and water was 27: 3.3: 69.7 by weight. It possessd an average droplet size of 23.6 nm, a low viscosity of (3.56±0.12) mm2•s-1 Zeta electric potential was (–5.35±0.42) mV, refractive index was (1.3617±0.0051) nD20, conductivity was (97.6±3.6) μs/cm. Compared to the control solution, TWM-ME provided better skin permeability in vitro. Moreover, TWM-ME has noticeable anti-inflammatory and immune suppression effect. These results indicate that the combination of microemulsion represents an effective vehicle for topical delivery of TWM.

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