Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus, Unresolved Areas and Future Perspectives for Research: Perspectives of Research Needs in Anal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Grønlie Guren ◽  
David Sebag-Montefiore ◽  
Pierfrancesco Franco ◽  
Anders Johnsson ◽  
Eva Segelov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Research Perspectives

scholarly journals Anal Cancer with Mediastinal Lymph Node Metastasis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mangalore Amith Shenoy ◽  
Lydia Winnicka ◽  
Leili Mirsadraei ◽  
Douglas Marks
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Canal ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Prior History

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal remains rare, with metastatic disease even less commonly reported. We present a case of a patient with both a prior history of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal as well as breast cancer, who was without evidence of disease for 1 year. She was subsequently found to have FDG-avid mediastinal lymphadenopathy, initially assumed to be related to her more recent breast cancer. However, a biopsy confirmed recurrent anal cancer, with HPV infection. This represents a novel site of spread for anal cancer, one not yet reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Investigating epidemiologic trends and the geographic distribution of patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma throughout Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cattelan ◽  
F. M. Ghazawi ◽  
M. Le ◽  
E. Savin ◽  
A. Zubarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background Anal cancer is a rare disease, constituting 0.5% of new cancer cases in the United States. The most common subtype is squamous cell carcinoma (scc). Studies in several developed nations have reported on an increasing incidence of anal cancer in recent decades, and various risk factors pertaining to the pathogenesis of the disease have been identified, including infection with the human papillomavirus, tobacco use, and immunosuppression. The epidemiology and distribution of anal scc throughout Canada remain poorly understood, however. Methods Using 3 population-based cancer registries, a retrospective analysis of demographic data across Canada for 1992–2010 was performed. The incidence and mortality for anal scc was examined at the levels of provinces, cities, and the forward  sortation area (FSA) component (first 3 characters) of postal codes. Results During 1992–2010, 3720 individuals were diagnosed with anal scc in Canada; 64% were women. The overall national incidence rate was 6.3 cases per million population per year, with an average age at diagnosis of 60.4 years. The incidence increased over time, with significantly higher incidence rates documented in British Columbia and Nova Scotia (9.3 cases per million population each). Closer examination revealed clustering of cases in various urban centres and self-identified lgbtq communities in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Discussion This study provides, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the burden of anal scc in Canada, identifying susceptible populations and shedding light onto novel avenues of research to lower the incidence of anal cancer throughout the country.

A retrospective review of anal squamous cell carcinoma in HIV positive and HIV negative patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4153-4153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grandhi ◽  
P. A. Philip ◽  
T. Washington ◽  
A. F. Shields ◽  
U. Vaishampayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Hiv Negative

4153 Background: The incidence of invasive anal cancer is 120 times higher in the HIV infected patients than in the general population. The outcome of anal cancer in HIV infected patients has not been evaluated in prospective trials and the published literature is limited to small retrospective case series. The aim of this study is to describe the outcome, tolerability, event free survival, and overall survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal (SCCAC) with and without HIV infection treated at Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University from 1991 to 2005. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review. Patients were identified using the SEER database. We collected data regarding HIV status, demographics (age, gender, race), stage at diagnosis, treatment, response to treatment, toxicity and survival. Results: Forty patients with SCCAC were identified, of which 13 were HIV positive and 27 were HIV negative. The HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups differed by mean age (44 vs. 55 years), male gender (100 vs. 37 percent), and African American race (92 vs. 59 percent). There were no differences in stage at diagnosis, type of chemotherapy received. HIV positive population received reduced chemotherapy (67 vs. 8 percent), and RT (22 vs. 7 percent) dosage. The major toxicities observed in HIV positive and negative patients were mucositis (23% vs. 29%), neutropenia (8% vs. 33%) and skin toxicity (46% vs. 55%) secondary to radiotherapy. Only 61 percent of HIV-positive patients were disease free vs. 60 percent of HIV-negative patients. Conclusions: We found that HIV positive patients received lower doses of chemo-radiotherapy. Patients with HIV tolerated the lower dose chemoradiotherapy and had a similar toxicity profile to the HIV negative patients. No major difference in the risk of recurrence between HIV positive and negative patients was observed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Phase II study of capecitabine in substitution of 5-FU in the chemoradiotherapy regimen for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 659-659
Author(s):  
Suilane Coelho Ribeiro ◽  
Camila Venchiarutti ◽  
Rachel Riechelmann ◽  
Erlon Gil ◽  
Caio Nahas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Canal ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Local Control ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Hemorrhagic Cystitis ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Stage Ii

659 Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anal canal is an uncommon malignancy accounting for 1-5% of intestinal tumors; however, its incidence has been increasing. The standard treatment of anal canal SCC stage II-III consists of infusional 5-fluorouracil associated with mitomycin and radiotherapy. This scheme was proposed by Nigro in 1974, and since then no other effective treatment was developed. Methods: Patients with SCC of anal cancer T2-4N0M0 or T (any) N1-3M0, with good performance status, normal blood and renal function were treated with capecitabine 825 mg/m2 12/12hs during radiotherapy associated with a single dose of mitomycin 15 mg/m2 on Day 1. Primary objective is determine local control rate in 6 months with capecitabine, mitomycin and radiotherapy in patients with SCC of the anal canal. After the end of the treatment patients were reassessed for clinical and radiological response. Sample size was calculated using Fleming's single stage. Considering 85% of expected events (rate of local control in 6 months), standard deviation and a 5% error, sample size calculated was 51 patients. Results: 13 patients have been included, 9 patients have finished, 3 patients are still in treatment and 1 patient was excluded because of poor compliance with oral medications. Regarding the staging, 5 patients (38,4%) with stage II, 4 patients ( 30,8%) with stage IIIA and 4 patients (30,8%) with stage IIIB. Among patients who finished the treatment and were reevaluated 1 patient ( 16,7%) presented partial clinical response, 6 patients (83,3%) had clinical complete response. Three patients are waiting for clinical and radiologic reassessement. The main toxicities observed were grade I diarrhea ( 30,7%), grade II (38,5%) and III (30,7%) radiodermitis, nausea ( 38,5%), grade I-II plaquetopenia( 30,7%). Grade I hand–foot syndrome was observed in 1 patient and hemorrhagic cystitis related to radiotherapy was observed in 1 patient. No serious adverse event was observed. Colostomy was required in 1 patient before the beginning of the treatment. Conclusions: The study is ongoing but capecitabine and mytomicin with radiotherapy seem to be a safe treatment for SCC of the anal cancer.

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia progression to squamous cell carcinoma.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 353-353
Author(s):  
Bhavna Gami ◽  
Paul Ziprin ◽  
Robert D Goldin ◽  
Michael Osborn ◽  
Linda Greene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Prospective Database

353 Background: In the U.K., the annual incidence of anal cancer is up to 1.5 per 100,000 per year. Anal intra-epithelial neoplasia (AIN) is believed to be a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma whose incidence is still undetermined. This cell transformation has been associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, in particular HPV 16 and 18. Our aim was to determine the frequency of progression to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anus in patients with known AIN. Methods: Study subjects with diagnosis of AIN from January 1st 1997 to January 1st 2009 were identified from a prospective database in a single hospital trust. The incidence of a subsequent diagnosis of anal SCC was determined from the local pathology and anal cancer database and cross referenced with the regional cancer database, Thames Cancer Registry. Results: We identified 397 patients (303 males) diagnosed with AIN in the database and HPV infection was identified in n= 395 patients. 15 (4%) patients were diagnosed with anal SCC a median of 5 months, Interquartile range 27 (2- 29 months) after their initial diagnosis. The distribution of AIN 1, 2 and 3 at presentation was 2, 1 and 12 respectively. Of interest, number of patients developed other HPV related cancers during the study period, such as vulva (n=8), cervical (n=3) and penile cancers (n=1). Conclusions: The incidence of anal cancer is higher in patients with known AIN compared to the general population. This justifies surveillance of these patients for anal and other HPV related intraepithelial neoplasia, however the nature of this, anoscopy or clinical examination alone, has yet to be determined.

Anal Cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Tsao ◽  
David Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Anal Margin ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis

This chapter focuses on anal squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions and summarizes the relevant epidemiology, evaluation, and management. Risk factors including human immunodeficiency virus status and sexual practices as well as the role of human papilloma virus in anal cancer pathogenesis are reviewed. Further understanding of the molecular biology of anal cancer will inform future strategies for targeted therapy, and biomarkers such as p16 and p53 may emerge as important prognostic indicators. Anal low-grade or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion histologies are particularly prevalent in at-risk populations, and surgical oncologists should understand the principles that underlie surveillance and management strategies. Finally, the role of chemoradiation and salvage abdominoperineal resection and the options for systemic therapy in the setting of metastatic disease are outlined.  This review contains 10 figures, 5 tables, and 77 references. Key Words: Anal cancer, Anal HSIL, Anal LSIL, Anal margin cancer, Anal squamous cell, carcinoma, HPV, p16, Perianal cancer

scholarly journals Human Papilloma Virus and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. CMO.S13241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavna Gami ◽  
Faris Kubba ◽  
Paul Ziprin
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Uk

The incidence of anal cancer is increasing. In the UK, the incidence is estimated at approximately 1.5 per 100,000. Most of this increase is attributed to certain at-risk populations. Persons who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive and men who have sex with men (MSM), Organ transplant recipients, women with a history of cervical cancer, human papilloma virus (HPV), or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) are known to have a greater risk for anal cancer. This paper will focus on HPV as a risk factor for anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and discusses the etiology, anatomy, pathogenesis, management of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anus.

scholarly journals Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus Incidence, Mortality, and Survival Among the General Population and Persons Living With HIV in Puerto Rico, 2000-2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Karen J. Ortiz-Ortiz ◽  
Jeslie M. Ramos-Cartagena ◽  
Ashish A. Deshmukh ◽  
Carlos R. Torres-Cintrón ◽  
Vivian Colón-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

PURPOSE Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is common among persons living with HIV (PLWH). We described SCCA incidence and survival among the general population and among PLWH in Puerto Rico (PR), along with mortality of anal cancer. METHODS PR HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program and the PR Central Cancer Registry databases were linked (2000-2016). Incidence rates (IRs) and trends (annual percent change [APC]) in SCCA and mortality rates and trends for anal cancer were estimated. Relative survival and relative excess risk (RER) of death were calculated. RESULTS From 2000 to 2016, 991 individuals in PR were diagnosed with anal cancer; 73% of cases were SCCA 9.1% of SCCA and 1.5% of non-SCCA cases were in PLWH ( P < .0001). SCCA incidence was higher among PLWH than the general population (IR = 27.7/100,000). Among PLWH, SCCA incidence (per 100,000) was the highest among men who have sex with men (IR = 60.5). From 2001-2016, SCCA incidence increased among the general population (APC: 4.90, P < .05); however, no significant change was observed among PLWH (APC = 0.19 and P = .96). The APC for anal cancer mortality in the general population was positive (3.9%) from 2000 to 2016, but not significant ( P > .05). The 5-year relative survival of SCCA was 56.9% among PLWH and 66.8% among the general population. In multivariate analysis, the RER of death for SCCA 5 years postdiagnosis was affected by stage at diagnosis (distant: RER = 7.6, 95% CI, 2.36 to 24.25) but not by PLWH status (RER = 1.4, 95% CI, 0.67 to 3.01). CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the relevance of anal cancer screening in PLWH and HPV vaccination in both PLWH and the general population in PR, which could have an impact on the disease trend in the next few decades.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document