Impact of vascular liver disease on the menstrual cycle and metabolic status in premenopausal women

Abstract Context There is evidence demonstrating variation in insulin sensitivity across the menstrual cycle. However, to date, research has yielded inconsistent results. Objective This study investigated variation in insulin sensitivity across the menstrual cycle and associations with BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Design Data from 1906 premenopausal women in NHANES cycles 1999-2006 were analysed. Main outcome measures Menstrual cycle day was assessed using questionnaire responses recording days since last period. Rhythmic variation of plasma glucose, triglyceride and insulin, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adipose tissue insulin resistance index (ADIPO-IR) across the menstrual cycle were analysed using cosinor rhythmometry. Participants were assigned low or high categories of BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness and category membership included in cosinor models as covariates. Results Rhythmicity was demonstrated by a significant cosine fit for glucose (p= 0.014) but not triglyceride (p= 0.369), insulin (p= 0.470), HOMA-IR (p=0.461) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.335). When covariates were included, rhythmicity was observed when adjusting for: 1. BMI: glucose (p< 0.001), triglyceride (p< 0.001), insulin (p< 0.001), HOMA-IR (p< 0.001) and ADIPO-IR (p< 0.001); 2. Physical activity: glucose (p< 0.001), triglyceride (p= 0.006) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.038); 3. Cardiorespiratory fitness: triglyceride (p= 0.041), insulin (p= 0.002), HOMA-IR (p= 0.004) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.004). Triglyceride amplitude, but not acrophase, was greater in the high physical activity category compared to low (p=0.018). Conclusions Rhythmicity in insulin sensitivity and associated metabolites across the menstrual cycle are modified by BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness.

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Comparison of effects of sustained isocapnic hypoxia on ventilation in men and women

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1997.83.2.599 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 599-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Dimitar Sajkov ◽

Alister Neill ◽

Nicholas A. Saunders ◽

R. Douglas McEvoy

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Minute Ventilation ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Follicular Phase ◽

Inspiratory Time ◽

Men And Women ◽

Ventilatory Responses ◽

Reduced Frequency ◽

Normal Men ◽

Respiratory Depressant

Sajkov, Dimitar, Alister Neill, Nicholas A. Saunders, and R. Douglas McEvoy. Comparison of the effects of sustained isocapnic hypoxia on ventilation in men and women. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(2): 599–607, 1997.—Sleep-related respiratory disturbances are more common in men than in premenopausal women. This might, in part, be due to different susceptibilities to the respiratory depressant effects of hypoxia. Therefore, we compared ventilation during 10 min of baseline room-air breathing and 20-min sustained isocapnic hypoxia (fractional inspired O2 = 11%, arterial saturation of O2 ≈ 80%) followed by 10 min of breathing 100% O2 in 10 normal men and in 10 women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Control measurements were made during two transitions from room air (10 min) to 100% O2 (10 min) and averaged. Inspired minute ventilation (V˙i) after 2 min of hypoxia was the same in men and women [131 ± 6.1% baseline for men, 136 ± 7.7% baseline for women; not significant (NS)] and declined to the same level after 20 min (115 ± 5.0% baseline for men, 116 ± 6.6% baseline for women; NS) associated with a similar decline in inspiratory time and tidal volume. Breathing frequency did not change.V˙i decreased transiently during subsequent 100% O2 breathing in both men and women, associated with reduced frequency and duty cycle and increased expiratory time. The fall inV˙i was significantly greater than that observed during control hyperoxia experiments in men but not in women. We conclude that ventilatory responses to sustained isocapnic hypoxia do not differ between awake healthy men and women in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. However, after termination of isocapnic hypoxia, men appear to depress their ventilation to a greater degree than women.

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Timing of breast cancer surgery during menstrual cycle. A 10-year analysis of 133 premenopausal women

The Breast ◽

10.1016/0960-9776(95)90024-1 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 25-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G. D'eredita' ◽

G. De Leo ◽

C. Punzo ◽

V. Neri ◽

T. Losacco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Cancer Surgery ◽

Breast Cancer Surgery

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Effects of menstrual cycle and menopause on internal carotid artery shear-mediated dilation in women

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00810.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Erika Iwamoto ◽

Rintaro Sakamoto ◽

Wakako Tsuchida ◽

Kotomi Yamazaki ◽

Tatsuki Kamoda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Internal Carotid Artery ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Internal Carotid ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Cycle Phase ◽

Serum Estradiol ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Potential Index

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of change in estrogen during the menstrual cycle and menopause on shear-mediated dilation of the internal carotid artery (ICA), a potential index of cerebrovascular endothelial function. Shear-mediated dilation of the ICA and serum estradiol were measured in 11 premenopausal (Pre-M, 21±1yrs), 13 perimenopausal (Peri-M, 49±2yrs), and 10 postmenopausal (Post-M, 65±7yrs) women. Measurements were made twice within the Pre-M group at their early follicular (EF, lower estradiol) and late follicular (LF, higher estradiol) phases. Shear-mediated dilation was induced by 3min of hypercapnia (target PETCO2 +10mmHg from individual baseline) and was calculated as the percent rise in peak diameter relative to baseline diameter. ICA diameter and blood velocity were simultaneously measured by Doppler ultrasound. In Pre-M, shear-mediated dilation was higher during the LF phase than during the EF phase (P<0.01). Comparing all groups, shear-mediated dilation was reduced across the menopausal transition (P<0.01), and Pre-M during the LF phase showed the highest value (8.9±1.4%) compared with other groups (Pre-M in EF, 6.4±1.1%; Peri-M, 5.5±1.3%; Post-M, 5.2±1.9%, P<0.05 for all). Shear-mediated dilation was positively correlated with serum estradiol even after adjustment of age (P<0.01, r=0.55, age-adjusted; P=0.02, r=0.35). Collectively, these data indicate that controlling the menstrual cycle phase is necessary for the cross-sectional assessments of shear-mediated dilation of the ICA in premenopausal women. Moreover, current findings suggest that a decline in cerebrovascular endothelial function may be partly related to the reduced circulating estrogen levels in peri- and postmenopausal women.

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