scholarly journals Relationship between insulin sensitivity and menstrual cycle is modified by BMI, fitness and physical activity in NHANES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstin A MacGregor ◽  
Iain J Gallagher ◽  
Colin N Moran
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Category Membership ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Abstract Context There is evidence demonstrating variation in insulin sensitivity across the menstrual cycle. However, to date, research has yielded inconsistent results. Objective This study investigated variation in insulin sensitivity across the menstrual cycle and associations with BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Design Data from 1906 premenopausal women in NHANES cycles 1999-2006 were analysed. Main outcome measures Menstrual cycle day was assessed using questionnaire responses recording days since last period. Rhythmic variation of plasma glucose, triglyceride and insulin, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adipose tissue insulin resistance index (ADIPO-IR) across the menstrual cycle were analysed using cosinor rhythmometry. Participants were assigned low or high categories of BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness and category membership included in cosinor models as covariates. Results Rhythmicity was demonstrated by a significant cosine fit for glucose (p= 0.014) but not triglyceride (p= 0.369), insulin (p= 0.470), HOMA-IR (p=0.461) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.335). When covariates were included, rhythmicity was observed when adjusting for: 1. BMI: glucose (p< 0.001), triglyceride (p< 0.001), insulin (p< 0.001), HOMA-IR (p< 0.001) and ADIPO-IR (p< 0.001); 2. Physical activity: glucose (p< 0.001), triglyceride (p= 0.006) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.038); 3. Cardiorespiratory fitness: triglyceride (p= 0.041), insulin (p= 0.002), HOMA-IR (p= 0.004) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.004). Triglyceride amplitude, but not acrophase, was greater in the high physical activity category compared to low (p=0.018). Conclusions Rhythmicity in insulin sensitivity and associated metabolites across the menstrual cycle are modified by BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness.

scholarly journals Identification of cutoff points for Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance index in adolescents: systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Izabel Siqueira de Andrade ◽  
Juliana Souza Oliveira ◽  
Vanessa Sá Leal ◽  
Niedja Maria Silva da Lima ◽  
Emília Chagas Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Cutoff Points ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

scholarly journals Resveratrol Attenuates Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Macrophage Migration to Visceral White Adipose Tissue and Insulin Resistance in Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Carreras ◽  
Shelley X. L. Zhang ◽  
Isaac Almendros ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Eduard Peris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Phosphorylated Akt ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Chronic intermittent hypoxia during sleep (IH), as occurs in sleep apnea, promotes systemic insulin resistance. Resveratrol (Resv) has been reported to ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. To examine the effect of Resv on IH-induced metabolic dysfunction, male mice were subjected to IH or room air conditions for 8 weeks and treated with either Resv or vehicle (Veh). Fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and leptin were obtained, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index levels were calculated, and insulin sensitivity tests (phosphorylated AKT [also known as protein kinase B]/total AKT) were performed in 2 visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT) depots (epididymal [Epi] and mesenteric [Mes]) along with flow cytometry assessments for VWAT macrophages and phenotypes (M1 and M2). IH-Veh and IH-Resv mice showed initial reductions in food intake with later recovery, with resultant lower body weights after 8 weeks but with IH-Resv showing better increases in body weight vs IH-Veh. IH-Veh and IH-Resv mice exhibited lower fasting glucose levels, but only IH-Veh had increased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index vs all 3 other groups. Leptin levels were preserved in IH-Veh but were significantly lower in IH-Resv. Reduced VWAT phosphorylated-AKT/AKT responses to insulin emerged in both Mes and Epi in IH-Veh but normalized in IH-Resv. Increases total macrophage counts and in M1 to M2 ratios occurred in IH-Veh Mes and Epi compared all other 3 groups. Thus, Resv ameliorates food intake and weight gain during IH exposures and markedly attenuates VWAT inflammation and insulin resistance, thereby providing a potentially useful adjunctive therapy for metabolic morbidity in the context of sleep apnea.

scholarly journals Plasma Osteopontin Increases After Bariatric Surgery and Correlates with Markers of Bone Turnover But Not with Insulin Resistance

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 2307-2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Riedl ◽  
Greisa Vila ◽  
Christina Maier ◽  
Ammon Handisurya ◽  
Soheila Shakeri-Manesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Abstract Context: Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein involved in bone metabolism, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. OPN levels are elevated in the plasma and adipose tissue of obese subjects, and are decreased with diet-induced weight loss. Objective: We investigated the effect of bariatric surgery on plasma OPN concentrations in morbidly obese patients. Setting: The study was performed at a university hospital. Subjects: We investigated 40 obese patients aged 43.1 ± 1.8 yr, scheduled to undergo bariatric surgery. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) was performed in 30 subjects (27 females, three males), and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) in 10 subjects (eight females, two males). Study Design: All patients were studied before and 1 yr (10.3–14.8 months) after the intervention. Main Outcome Measures: OPN, leptin, C-reactive protein, insulin, the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index, calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, C telopeptide, and osteocalcin were determined. Results: Both bariatric procedures significantly reduced body weight, body mass index, insulin, leptin, and C-reactive protein 1 yr after surgery. Plasma OPN increased from 31.4 ± 3.8 to 52.8 ± 3.7 ng/ml after RYGB (P < 0.001) and from 29.8 ± 6.9 to 46.4 ± 10.6 ng/ml after LAGB (P = 0.042). Preoperative OPN correlated with age, insulin, the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index, and postoperative OPN. Postoperative OPN correlated with C telopeptide and osteocalcin. Conclusions: One year after RYGB and LAGB, plasma OPN levels significantly increased and correlated with biomarkers of bone turnover. Unlike other proinflammatory cytokines, OPN does not normalize but increases further after bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hypoxia and Work Intensity on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mackenzie ◽  
B. Elliott ◽  
N. Maxwell ◽  
G. Brickley ◽  
P. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics

Context: Hypoxia and muscle contraction stimulate glucose transport in vitro. We have previously demonstrated that exercise and hypoxia have an additive effect on insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetics. Objectives: Our objective was to examine the effects of three different hypoxic/exercise (Hy Ex) trials on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in the 48 h after acute hypoxia in type 2 diabetics. Design, Participants, and Interventions: Eight male type 2 diabetics completed 60 min of hypoxic [mean (sem) O2 = ∼14.7 (0.2)%] exercise at 90% of lactate threshold [Hy Ex60; 49 (1) W]. Patients completed an additional two hypoxic trials of equal work, lasting 40 min [Hy Ex40; 70 (1) W] and 20 min [Hy Ex20; 140 (12) W]. Main Outcome Measures: Glucose rate of appearance and rate of disappearance were determined using the one-compartment minimal model. Homeostasis models of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), fasting insulin resistance index and β-cell function (HOMAβ-cell) were calculated at 24 and 48 h after trials. Results: Peak glucose rate of appearance was highest during Hy Ex20 [8.89 (0.56) mg/kg · min, P < 0.05]. HOMAIR and fasting insulin resistance index were improved in the 24 and 48 h after Hy Ex60 and Hy Ex40 (P < 0.05). HOMAIR decreased 24 h after Hy Ex20 (P < 0.05) and returned to baseline values at 48 h. Conclusions: Moderate-intensity exercise in hypoxia (Hy Ex60 and Hy Ex40) stimulates acute- and moderate-term improvements in insulin sensitivity that were less apparent in Hy Ex20. Results suggest that exercise duration and not total work completed has a greater influence on acute and moderate-term glucose control in type 2 diabetics.

scholarly journals A Novel Insulin Resistance Index to Monitor Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Tolerance: the ACT NOW Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1855-1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devjit Tripathy ◽  
Jeff E. Cobb ◽  
Walter Gall ◽  
Klaus-Peter Adam ◽  
Tabitha George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index

Abstract P139: Insulin Resistance in Premenopausal Women with Type 1 Diabetes is Explained by Abdominal Obesity, Physical Inactivity and Altered Sex Hormones

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey M Duca ◽  
Rachel M Sippl ◽  
Janet K Snell-Bergeon
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Early Follicular Phase

Women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) lose the premenopausal protection from cardiovascular disease (CVD) that non-diabetic (non-DM) women have compared to men, and are also more insulin resistant than non-DM women. Standard CVD risk factors have not been found to adequately predict CVD in the T1D population, but insulin resistance is emerging as a potentially important risk factor. The aim of this study was to determine whether sex hormone levels such as estradiol (E2), total testosterone (TT), and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) explained any of the decreased insulin sensitivity in women with T1D, which could be important in CVD prevention. This study included 25 premenopausal women 18-45 years of age with a mean ± SD age of 33 ± 8 years who completed a three stage (4, 8 and 40 mU/m2/min) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (T1D n=12 and non-DM n=13). A steady state was achieved during the last 30 minutes of the high insulin infusion stage and mean glucose infusion rate (GIR [mg/kg/FFM/min]) during this time was used as an estimate of the skeletal muscle glucose disposal rate. Sex hormones were compared using unpaired Student t tests between T1D and non-DM participants during each phase of the menstrual cycle and during the morning of the clamp.. Significant differences were explored in multivariable linear regression in which stepwise model selection was used to determine the final model adjusting for age and diabetes status. In age-adjusted analysis, women with T1D were less than half as insulin sensitive as non-DM women (least squares mean ± SE: 7.5±2.2 vs. 19.0±2.1, respectively, p=0.0014). SHBG was significantly higher in the T1D than the non-DM subjects the morning of the clamp (p<0.0001) and during each phase of the menstrual cycle (p = 0.01). TT was significantly higher in T1D women during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (p=0.02) and was negatively correlated with GIR (r = -0.54, p = 0.04). E2 during the early follicular phase was positively correlated with GIR (r = 0.83, p = 0.01). In multivariable analysis, the difference in the GIR was attenuated by 58%(1-(5.1/12.14)) (least squares mean ± SE: 10.9 ± 1.7 in T1D vs. 16.0 ± 1.5 in non-DM, p = 0.07) after adjusting for age, diabetes status, minutes of vigorous activity, average waist circumference, free estradiol index and testosterone during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle In conclusion, the decreased insulin sensitivity observed in premenopausal T1D women with regular menstrual cycles can be mostly explained by lower levels of physical activity, greater central adiposity and differences in sex hormone levels. Most of these factors are modifiable, and so could be important targets in the reduction of CVD.

scholarly journals Unique Metabolic Features of Adults Discordant for Indices of Insulin Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. e2753-e2763
Author(s):  
Yilin Song ◽  
Esben Søndergaard ◽  
Michael D Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Abstract Purpose Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Adipose Insulin Resistance index (ADIPO-IR) values are often concordant. In this study we evaluated whether there are groups discordant for HOMA-IR and ADIPOpalmitate-IR and, if so, what are their defining characteristics. Methods The body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), fasting plasma lipids, insulin, glucose, and free fatty acid (FFA) palmitate concentrations data of 466 volunteers from previous research studies were abstracted and analyzed. The middle 2 population quartiles for HOMA-IR and Adipose Insulin Resistance index palmitate concentration (ADIPOpalmitate-IR) defined medium HOMA-IR and ADIPOpalmitate-IR (MH and MA), the top and bottom quartiles were defined as high/low HOMA (HH/LH), and high/low ADIPOpalmitate as HA/LA. Because ADIPOpalmitate-IR was significantly greater in women than in men, we established sex-specific quartiles for each index. We identified groups discordant for HOMA-IR and ADIPO-IR (HHMA, LHMA, MHHA, and MHLA). Results Body fat and fasting triglycerides (TGs) were significantly greater with higher indices in the concordant groups (HHHA &gt; MHMA &gt; LHLA). MHHA differed from MHLA by visceral fat (P &lt; .01) and fasting TGs (P &lt; .05), whereas HHMA differed (P &lt; .01) from LHMA by BMR. By multivariate regression, the group factor contributed to BMR (P &lt; .01) and visceral fat (P &lt; .05). Conclusions Adults discordant for HOMA-IR and ADIPO-IR have unique features including differences in visceral fat, TGs, and BMR. This suggests different forms of insulin resistance are present, which should be considered when studying insulin resistance in the future.

Plasma adiponectin concentration in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women: relationship with body composition, bone mineral, and metabolic variables

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. E42-E47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaak Jürimäe ◽  
Toivo Jürimäe
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Adiponectin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index

The aim of the current investigation was to determine the possible relationships of fasting adiponectin level with body composition, bone mineral, insulin sensitivity, leptin, and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in 153 women. Subjects were classified as premenopausal ( n = 42; 40.8 ± 5.7 yr) if they had regular menstrual periods, early postmenopausal ( n = 49; 56.7 ± 3.6 yr) if they had been postmenopausal for more than >1 yr but <7 yr (5.5 ± 1.3 yr), and postmenopausal ( n = 62; 72.2 ± 4.5 yr) if they had been postmenopausal for >7 yr. All women studied had a body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m2. Adiponectin values were higher ( P < 0.05) in middle-aged (12.0 ± 5.1 μg/ml) and older (15.3 ± 7.3 μg/ml) postmenopausal women compared with middle-aged premenopausal women (8.4 ± 3.2 μg/ml). Mean plasma adiponectin concentration in the total group of women ( n = 153) was 12.2 ± 6.3 μg/ml and was positively related ( P < 0.05) to age, indexes of overall obesity (BMI, body fat mass), and cardiorespiratory fitness (PWC) values. In addition, a negative association ( P < 0.05) between adiponectin with central obesity (waist-to-hip and waist-to-thigh ratio), fat-free mass, bone mineral (bone mineral content, total and lumbar spine bone mineral density), and leptin and insulin resistance (insulin, fasting insulin resistance index) values was observed. However, multivariate regression analysis revealed that only age, fasting insulin resistance index, and leptin were independent predictors of adiponectin concentration. In conclusion, circulating adiponectin concentrations increase with age in normal-weight middle-aged and older women. It appears that adiponectin is independently related to age, leptin, and insulin resistance values in women across the age span and menstrual status.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Insulin Resistance and the Cardiovascular Biomarker Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Obese Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greisa Vila ◽  
Michaela Riedl ◽  
Christian Anderwald ◽  
Michael Resl ◽  
Ammon Handisurya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine linked to obesity comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and cancer. GDF-15 also has adipokine properties and recently emerged as a prognostic biomarker for cardiovascular events. METHODS We evaluated the relationship of plasma GDF-15 concentrations with parameters of obesity, inflammation, and glucose and lipid metabolism in a cohort of 118 morbidly obese patients [mean (SD) age 37.2 (12) years, 89 females, 29 males] and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy lean individuals. All study participants underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test; 28 patients were studied before and 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. RESULTS Obese individuals displayed increased plasma GDF-15 concentrations (P &lt; 0.001), with highest concentrations observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. GDF-15 was positively correlated with age, waist-to-height ratio, mean arterial blood pressure, triglycerides, creatinine, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, hemoglobin A1c, and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index and negatively correlated with oral glucose insulin sensitivity. Age, homeostatic model assessment index, oral glucose insulin sensitivity, and creatinine were independent predictors of GDF-15 concentrations. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass led to a significant reduction in weight, leptin, insulin, and insulin resistance, but further increased GDF-15 concentrations (P &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The associations between circulating GDF-15 concentrations and age, insulin resistance, and creatinine might account for the additional cardiovascular predictive information of GDF-15 compared to traditional risk factors. Nevertheless, GDF-15 changes following bariatric surgery suggest an indirect relationship between GDF-15 and insulin resistance. The clinical utility of GDF-15 as a biomarker might be limited until the pathways directly controlling GDF-15 concentrations are better understood.

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