The Effects of a Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern on Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Background: Limited data are available on the association of major dietary patterns and predicted risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Aim: To investigate the association between major dietary patterns and the predicted 10-year CVD risk in an Iranian population Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 522 apparently healthy adults referred to health centers in Tehran. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between dietary patterns and the predicted risk of development of CVD was evaluated using linear multiple regression. Principal component analysis was used to identify major dietary patterns. Results: In total, 41% of the men ( n = 95) and 46% of women ( n = 134) were in the low risk (<10%) and 6% of men ( n = 14) and 1% of women ( n = 3) were in the high risk (> 20%) category of the FRS. A significant decrease was found for body mass index ( p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) ( p = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure ( p = 0.005), and triglyceride ( p = 0.02) in the higher tertile of healthy dietary pattern. Adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with a significant increase in body weight ( p = 0.03) and a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( p < 0.001). The healthy dietary pattern score was negatively associated with SBP ( p = 0.04) and FRS ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Although we observed improvements in CVD risk factors with greater adherence to healthy dietary patterns, there was no association between identified dietary patterns and the predicted risk of 10-year CVD.

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The traditional Japanese dietary pattern and longitudinal changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors in apparently healthy Japanese adults

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-015-0844-y ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 267-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Kaijun Niu ◽

Haruki Momma ◽

Yoritoshi Kobayashi ◽

Lei Guan ◽

Masahiko Chujo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽

Longitudinal Changes ◽

Japanese Adults ◽

Apparently Healthy

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Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Function: The 2-Year Longitudinal Changes in an Older Spanish Cohort

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2021.782067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie K. Nishi ◽

Nancy Babio ◽

Carlos Gómez-Martínez ◽

Miguel Ángel Martínez-González ◽

Emilio Ros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

A Priori ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Overweight Or Obesity

Background and Aims: Plant-forward dietary patterns have been associated with cardiometabolic health benefits, which, in turn, have been related to cognitive performance with inconsistent findings. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between baseline adherence to three a priori dietary patterns (Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets) with 2-year changes in cognitive performance in older adults with overweight or obesity and high cardiovascular disease risk.Methods: A prospective cohort analysis was conducted within the PREDIMED-Plus trial, involving 6,647 men and women aged 55–75 years with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome. Using a validated, semiquantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire completed at baseline, the dietary pattern adherence scores were calculated. An extensive neuropsychological test battery was administered at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were used to assess associations between 2-year changes in cognitive function z-scores across tertiles of baseline adherence to the a priori dietary patterns.Results: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet at baseline was associated with 2-year changes in the general cognitive screening Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE, β: 0.070; 95% CI: 0.014, 0.175, P-trend = 0.011), and two executive function-related assessments: the Trail Making Tests Part A (TMT-A, β: −0.054; 95% CI: −0.110, − 0.002, P-trend = 0.047) and Part B (TMT-B, β: −0.079; 95% CI: −0.134, −0.024, P-trend = 0.004). Adherence to the MIND diet was associated with the backward recall Digit Span Test assessment of working memory (DST-B, β: 0.058; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.114, P-trend = 0.045). However, higher adherence to the DASH dietary pattern was not associated with better cognitive function over a period of 2 years.Conclusion: In older Spanish individuals with overweight or obesity and at high cardiovascular disease risk, higher baseline adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern may be associated with better cognitive performance than lower adherence over a period of 2 years.

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