Major dietary patterns and predicted cardiovascular disease risk in an Iranian adult population

2020 ◽  
pp. 026010602095259
Author(s):  
Mahshid Shahavandi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Amini ◽  
Hossein Shahinfar ◽  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Predicted Risk ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Background: Limited data are available on the association of major dietary patterns and predicted risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Aim: To investigate the association between major dietary patterns and the predicted 10-year CVD risk in an Iranian population Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 522 apparently healthy adults referred to health centers in Tehran. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between dietary patterns and the predicted risk of development of CVD was evaluated using linear multiple regression. Principal component analysis was used to identify major dietary patterns. Results: In total, 41% of the men ( n = 95) and 46% of women ( n = 134) were in the low risk (<10%) and 6% of men ( n = 14) and 1% of women ( n = 3) were in the high risk (> 20%) category of the FRS. A significant decrease was found for body mass index ( p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) ( p = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure ( p = 0.005), and triglyceride ( p = 0.02) in the higher tertile of healthy dietary pattern. Adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with a significant increase in body weight ( p = 0.03) and a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( p < 0.001). The healthy dietary pattern score was negatively associated with SBP ( p = 0.04) and FRS ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Although we observed improvements in CVD risk factors with greater adherence to healthy dietary patterns, there was no association between identified dietary patterns and the predicted risk of 10-year CVD.

scholarly journals Association of Fitness and Fatness with Clustered Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Nigerian Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5861
Author(s):  
Danladi I. Musa ◽  
Abel L. Toriola ◽  
Daniel T. Goon ◽  
Sunday U. Jonathan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Standardized Residuals

Purpose: This study examinedthe independent and joint association of fitness and fatness with clustered cardiovascular disease risk (CVDrs) in 11–18 year-old Nigerian adolescents. Methods: A hundred and ninety seven adolescents (100 girls and 97 boys) were evaluated forfitness, fatness and CVDrs. Fitness was evaluated with the progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run test while fatness was assessed using body mass index. A clustered CVDrs was computed from the standardized residuals of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Regression models controlling for waist circumference assessed the association of fitness and fatness with CVDrs. Results: Prevalence of clustered CVD risk was 7.1% (girls = 3.0%; boys = 4.1%). Based on risk factor abnormalities, 52.8% of participants had one or more CVD risk factor abnormalities with more boys (27.4%) affected. Low fitness was associated with clustered CVDrs in both girls (R2 = 9.8%, β = −0.287, p = 0.05) and boys (R2 = 17%, β = −0.406, p < 0.0005). Fatness was not associated with the CVDrs in both sexes. After controlling for all the variables in the model, only fitness (R2 = 10.4%) and abdominal fat (R2 = 19.5%) were associated with CVDrs respectively. Unfit girls were 3.2 (95% CI = 1.31–7.91, p = 0.011) times likely to develop CVD risk abnormality compared to their fit counterparts. The likelihood of unfit boys developing CVD risk abnormality was 3.9 (95% CI = 1.15–10.08, p = 0.005) times compared to their fit peers. Conclusions: Fitness but not fatness was a better predictor of CVDrs in Nigerian boys and girls. The result of this study suggests that any public health strategies aimed at preventing or reversing the increasing trends of CVD risk in adolescents should emphasize promotion of aerobic fitness.

Changes in Weight and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Monozygotic Twins: The Healthy Twin Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Mi Song ◽  
Kayoung Lee ◽  
Joohon Sung
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Environmental Correlations

We aimed to assess the non-genetic contribution to the associations between the change in weight and changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This analysis included 194 Korean monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs (116 men, 272 women; mean age, 38.5 ± 6.8 years) who were first examined for weight and CVD risk factors (blood pressure (BP), glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL)) between December 2005 and December 2008, and returned for a repeat examination after 2.7 ± 0.9 years. The within-pair correlations were 0.21 for the change in weight and 0.05-0.42 for the changes in CVD risk factors. Bivariate analyses showed significant environmental correlations shared between the change in weight and the changes in CVD risk factors (p < .05), except for glucose, while there were no significant genetic effects shared between the phenotypes. After adjusting for baseline values of weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), TG, TC, and LDL significantly increased by 1.6 mmHg, 0.09 mmol/L, 0.10 mmol/L, and 0.09 mmol/L, respectively, per 1 kg increase in within-pair differences in weight change. In Korean MZ twins, similarity between twins for changes in weight and CVD risk factors were small to moderate, and non-genetic factors were responsible for the associations between the change in weight and changes in DBP, TG, TC, and LDL.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Predicted Cardiovascular Disease Risk in an Urban Mexican Adult Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez ◽  
Katherine L Tucker ◽  
Mario Flores ◽  
Simón Barquera ◽  
Jorge Salmerón
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Barriers to Physical Activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Lisa Aditama ◽  
Dewi Rahmawati ◽  
Nani Parfati ◽  
Astrid Pratidina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Stage Of Change ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity is increasing and tends to be higher in adult population groups who are also more educated and employed as a civil/military/police/oficers. This study aims to analyze cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, perceptions about physical activity and barriers experienced to perform physical activity, also stage of change to physical activity.METHODS: The study design was an observational study, use qualitative methods with in-depth interviews and quantitative analysis CVD risk also stage of change to physical activity questionnaire.RESULTS: Framingham 10-years CVD risk of obese men in University of Surabaya was 11.97% (1.70 to 29.90) based on lipid profile and 13.90% (2.30 to 30.00) based on body mass index. Perception of obese men in University of Surabaya regarding physical activity had findings several barriers that can be grouped into time constraint, facility constraint, low motivation, and knowledge about physical activities.CONCLUSION: In this study we found that 10-years CVD risk of obese men in University of Surabaya can be categorized as medium risk. There are several barriers regarding life style modification for physical activity and exercise, whereas the subjects included in this study are quite ready to start the program, but improvement for the readiness before starting the program will still be needed.KEYWORDS: CVD risk, obese men, physical activity

scholarly journals Level of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a rural adult population in Sogn og Fjordane

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Kristiansen Solbraa ◽  
Asgeir Mamen ◽  
Geir Kåre Resaland ◽  
Jostein Steene- Johannessen ◽  
Einar Ylvisåker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

<strong><em>Background</em>:</strong> Physical activity (PA) and high cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sogn og Fjordane County has the reputation of being the most healthy county in Norway. The level of PA and/or CRF may partly explain this health status. However, only one study with regional objectively measured PA data and one study with regional data on CRF currently exist. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe levels of PA, CRF and CVD risk factors in an adult population in the county of Sogn og Fjordane.<em><strong> Methods:</strong> </em>In total, 314 (♀:178 ♂:136) 40-42-year-olds and 308 (♀:175 ♂:133) 53-55-yearolds participated in this cross-sectional study. PA was measured objectively by accelerometry, while CRF was measured directly. <em><strong>Results:</strong></em> There were no sex differences in total PA level. For the 40-42-year-olds, women spent 6.0min/day [95% CI: –11.7 to –0.3] less participating in moderate PA compared to men. For the 53-55- year-olds, women were inactive for 36.0 min/day [95% CI: –55.2 to –16.8] less and they participated in light activity for 26.4 min/day [95% CI: 7.7 to 45.2] more than men. In total, 30.0% [95% CI: 24.8 to 35.2] of the 40-42-year-olds and 30.2% [95% CI: 25.0 to 35.4] of the 53-55-year-olds met the Norwegian recommendations<br />for PA. CRF was 49.0 ml·kg–1·min–1 for men and 41.6 ml·kg–1·min–1 for women for the 40-42-year-olds. For 53-55-year-olds CRF was 41.2 ml·kg–1·min–1 for men and 33.9 ml·kg–1·min–1 for women.<em><strong> Conclusions:</strong></em> These results suggest that the level of PA and CRF are higher compared to other available data. This might explain the advantageous health status in Sogn og Fjordane.

scholarly journals Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Function: The 2-Year Longitudinal Changes in an Older Spanish Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Nishi ◽  
Nancy Babio ◽  
Carlos Gómez-Martínez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González ◽  
Emilio Ros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Background and Aims: Plant-forward dietary patterns have been associated with cardiometabolic health benefits, which, in turn, have been related to cognitive performance with inconsistent findings. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between baseline adherence to three a priori dietary patterns (Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets) with 2-year changes in cognitive performance in older adults with overweight or obesity and high cardiovascular disease risk.Methods: A prospective cohort analysis was conducted within the PREDIMED-Plus trial, involving 6,647 men and women aged 55–75 years with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome. Using a validated, semiquantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire completed at baseline, the dietary pattern adherence scores were calculated. An extensive neuropsychological test battery was administered at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were used to assess associations between 2-year changes in cognitive function z-scores across tertiles of baseline adherence to the a priori dietary patterns.Results: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet at baseline was associated with 2-year changes in the general cognitive screening Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE, β: 0.070; 95% CI: 0.014, 0.175, P-trend = 0.011), and two executive function-related assessments: the Trail Making Tests Part A (TMT-A, β: −0.054; 95% CI: −0.110, − 0.002, P-trend = 0.047) and Part B (TMT-B, β: −0.079; 95% CI: −0.134, −0.024, P-trend = 0.004). Adherence to the MIND diet was associated with the backward recall Digit Span Test assessment of working memory (DST-B, β: 0.058; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.114, P-trend = 0.045). However, higher adherence to the DASH dietary pattern was not associated with better cognitive function over a period of 2 years.Conclusion: In older Spanish individuals with overweight or obesity and at high cardiovascular disease risk, higher baseline adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern may be associated with better cognitive performance than lower adherence over a period of 2 years.

Influence of different training methods on cardiovascular disease risk markers after cessation of anabolic steroids abuse in bodybuilders at risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
S.M.S. Hashemi ◽  
H. Arazi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

Evidence suggests that anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse induces adverse effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is unclear whether different training methods are effective in reducing these consequences. This study aims to compare the effects of aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), and combined training (CT) on CVD risk markers in professional bodybuilders at risk after cessation of AAS abuse. Forty bodybuilders were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (n=10), AT (n=10), RT (RT, n=10), and CT (n=10) groups. Before and after eight weeks of training, the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), haematocrit (HCT), homocysteine (HCY), N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Significant decreases within groups in HCY and CRP were observed (P<0.05). However, decreases were greater in training groups, and there was a significant difference between control and training groups (P<0.05). Increase in NT-proBNP, and decreases in systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels were significant only in training groups (P<0.005). The increase of NT-proBNP was significant in the CT when compared to the RT (P<0.05). The present study found that discontinuing AAS consumption can improve some CVD risk markers in professional bodybuilders, but this effect could be improved if various modalities of training were performed. Accompanying AT with RT was also discovered to have a greater impact on some markers (including NT-proBNP).

scholarly journals Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis: to investigate the association of adherence to plant-based diets with cardiovascular disease risk

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Tatum Lopes ◽  
Annalise E. Zemlin ◽  
Mieke Faber ◽  
Solange Durao ◽  
Rajiv T. Erasmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cvd Risk

Background: Plant-based diets (PBDs) are characterised as healthy dietary patterns that emphasise the intake of plant foods and limit the intake of animal foods. The Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets are common examples of healthy dietary patterns that are mainly plant based. There are different dietary pattern analysis approaches and scoring systems available to construct indices that measure adherence to a dietary pattern. Nutritional epidemiology studies necessitate the use of appropriate dietary indices when investigating diet-disease associations. Methods: This systematic review protocol was developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. PubMed–Medline, Scopus and relevant biomedical databases within EBSCOhost will be searched up to August 2021 using relevant key words. Two reviewers will independently screen the identified records and review the eligible full texts for inclusion. Discrepancies will be resolved by consensus or through discussion with a third reviewer. Appropriate meta-analysis will be performed where possible and consistency of the findings checked through subgroup analysis. Heterogeneity across studies will be assessed and quantified, and publication bias investigated. Relevant sensitivity analyses will be performed to substantiate the robustness of the study findings. Conclusion: Currently, there is some inconsistency in defining and measuring adherence to a PBD across study populations. In addition to this, a lack of global data on the association between adherence to a PBD and CVD risk. This systematic review could aid in promoting the worldwide uptake of these findings for policy and practice purposes. This research will use previously published studies; and therefore, will not require ethical approval.

scholarly journals Protocol for a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative effects of cardiovascular disease risk communication using ‘heart age’ concepts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa Bonner ◽  
Carys Batcup ◽  
Samuel Cornell ◽  
Michael Anthony Fajardo ◽  
Jenny Doust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Heart Age

AbstractIntroductionThe concept of ‘heart age’ is increasingly used for health promotion and alongside clinical guidelines for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. These tools have been used by millions of consumers around the world, and many health organisations promote them as a way of encouraging lifestyle change. However, heart age tools vary widely in terms of their underlying risk models and display formats, the effectiveness of these tools compared to other CVD risk communication formats remains unclear, and doctors have raised concerns over their use to expand testing of healthy low risk adults.Methods and analysisWe aim to systematically review both qualitative and quantitative evidence of the effects of heart age when presented to patients or consumers for the purpose of CVD risk communication. Four electronic databases will be search until April 2020 and reference lists from similar review articles will be searched. Studies will be considered eligible if they meet the following criteria: (1) published from the inception of the database to April 2020, in peer-reviewed journals, (2) used an adult population (over 18 years of age) or, if not explicit regarding age, are clear that participants were not children, (3) present the concept of ‘heart age’ to patients or consumers for the purpose of CVD risk communication, (4) report qualitative themes or quantitative outcomes relating to psychological and/or behavioural responses to heart age. Two reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Reporting of the review will be informed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidance.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as it is a protocol for a systematic review. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

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