Grafting of nano-TiO2 onto flax fibers and the enhancement of the mechanical properties of the flax fiber and flax fiber/epoxy composite

The goal of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of a cost-effective and eco-friendly treatment based on the use of sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7) on the mechanical properties of flax fiber reinforced composites. To this scope, flax fibers were soaked in mildly alkaline solutions of the sodium salt at different weight concentration (i.e., 5%, 10% and 20%) for 120 h at 25 °C. The modifications on fibers surface induced by the proposed treatment were evaluated through Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR), whereas scanning electron microscope (SEM) and helium pycnometer were used to obtain useful information about composites morphology. The effect of the concentration of the treating solution on the mechanical response of composites was determined through quasi-static tensile and flexural tests, Charpy impact tests and dynamical mechanical thermal (DMTA) tests. The results revealed that composites reinforced with flax fibers treated in 10% solution exhibit the best mechanical performances as well as the lowest void contents. SEM analysis supported these findings showing that, by treating fibers in solutions with concentration up to 10%, composites having better morphology can be manufactured, in comparison to untreated ones. Conversely, higher Na3C6H5O7 concentrations negatively affect both the morphology and the mechanical properties of composites.

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Development Of Flax Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composite With Nano Tio2 Addition Into Matrix To Enhance Mechanical Properties

Materials Today Proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.matpr.2018.02.125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 11569-11575 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Vishnu Prasad ◽

Deepak suresh ◽

M.A. Joseph ◽

K. Sekar ◽

Mubarak Ali

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Epoxy Composite ◽

Flax Fibre ◽

Nano Tio2 ◽

Tio2 Addition

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Experimental investigation of failure mechanisms and evaluation of physical/mechanical properties of unidirectional flax–epoxy composites

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0021998320902243 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (20) ◽

pp. 2781-2801 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yousef Saadati ◽

Gilbert Lebrun ◽

Jean-Francois Chatelain ◽

Yves Beauchamp

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Finite Element Method ◽

Finite Element ◽

Numerical Analysis ◽

Material Properties ◽

Epoxy Composite ◽

Failure Mechanisms ◽

Flax Fiber ◽

Epoxy Composites ◽

Fiber Reinforced

Using natural fibers as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites necessitates evaluating the latter under different modes of solicitation. This allows extracting its material properties for engineering design and research purposes. The main objective of the study is preparing a consistent set of material properties for unidirectional flax fiber-reinforced epoxy composite with defined composition and basic configuration. These data are prerequisites for growing researches on flax fiber-reinforced epoxy composites, especially for numerical analysis purposes using the finite element method. In this work, partially green unidirectional-flax fiber-reinforced epoxy composites are tested for physical and mechanical properties and studied for their failure modes. Tension, compression, flexion, and shear properties, as well as physical properties like density, specific heat capacity and thermal diffusivity, are evaluated according to ASTM standard test methods. Flax fibers, which are composites by themselves, come in bundles in the composites and demonstrate a complex behavior. Therefore, a fractographic analysis has been conducted to understand the macro and microscale failure mechanisms to correlate them with the material properties. The results are in good agreement with those of the literature, when available, but they mainly show the specific behavior of unidirectional-flax composites subject to different solicitation modes, especially compression and direct shear modes evaluated this way for the first time for unidirectional-flax fiber-reinforced epoxy composite. They cover most of the data required for engineering design and numerical analysis by methods like finite element method, particularly for simulating the machining process of flax fiber-reinforced epoxy composite in the ongoing works.

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Combining short flax fiber mats and unidirectional flax yarns for composite applications: Effect of short flax fibers on biaxial mechanical properties and damage behaviour

Composites Part B Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.05.023 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 123 ◽

pp. 165-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Mohamed Habibi ◽

Luc Laperrière ◽

Gilbert Lebrun ◽

Lotfi Toubal

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Flax Fiber ◽

Fiber Mats ◽

Flax Fibers ◽

Biaxial Mechanical Properties

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Effectiveness of Sodium Acetate Treatment on the Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites

Journal of Composites Science ◽

10.3390/jcs6010005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Dionisio Badagliacco ◽

Vincenzo Fiore ◽

Carmelo Sanfilippo ◽

Antonino Valenza

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Sodium Acetate ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Flax Fiber ◽

Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽

Sodium Acetate Solution ◽

Acetate Solution ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Flax Fibers

This paper aims to investigate the ability of an eco-friendly and cheap treatment based on sodium acetate solutions to improve the mechanical properties of flax fiber-reinforced composites. Flax fibers were treated for 5 days (i.e., 120 h) at 25 °C with mildly alkaline solutions at 5%, 10% and 20% weight content of the sodium salt. Quasi-static tensile and flexural tests, Charpy impact tests and dynamical mechanical thermal (DMTA) tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) was used to evaluate the chemical modification on the fibers surface due to the proposed treatment, whereas scanning electron microscope (SEM) and helium pycnometry were used to get useful information about the morphology of composites. It was found that the treatment with 5% solution of sodium acetate leads to the best mechanical performance and morphology of flax fiber-reinforced composites. SEM analysis confirmed these findings highlighting that composites reinforced with flax fibers treated in 5% sodium acetate solution show an improved morphology compared to the untreated ones. On the contrary, detrimental effects on the morphology as well as on the mechanical performance of composites were achieved by increasing the salt concentration of the treating solution.

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Thermo-Mechanical Properties of PLA/Short Flax Fiber Biocomposites

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9183797 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (18) ◽

pp. 3797 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Laura Aliotta ◽

Vito Gigante ◽

Maria-Beatrice Coltelli ◽

Patrizia Cinelli ◽

Andrea Lazzeri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Elastic Modulus ◽

Load Transfer ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Nucleating Agent ◽

Flax Fiber ◽

Analytical Models ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Flax Fibers ◽

The Matrix

In this work, biocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and short flax fibers (10–40 wt.%) were produced by extrusion and characterized in terms of thermal, mechanical, morphological, and thermo-mechanical properties. Analytical models were adopted to predict the tensile properties (stress at break and elastic modulus) of the composites, and to assess the matrix/fiber interface adhesion. The resulting composites were easily processable by extrusion and injection molding up to 40 wt.% of flax fibers. It was observed that despite any superficial treatment of fibers, the matrix/fiber adhesion was found to be sufficiently strong to ensure an efficient load transfer between the two components obtaining composites with good mechanical properties. The best mechanical performance, in terms of break stress (66 MPa), was obtained with 20 wt.% of flax fibers. The flax fiber acted also as nucleating agent for PLA, leading to an increment of the composite stiffness and, at 40 wt.% of flax fibers, improving the elastic modulus decay near the PLA glass transition temperature.

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Performance Studies on Flax Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites – An Effect on Fiber Orientation

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.a1085.1291s419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1S4) ◽

pp. 44-47

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Performance Studies ◽

Fiber Orientation ◽

Flax Fiber ◽

Machining Performance ◽

Flax Fibers ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites ◽

Structural Applications ◽

Kerf Angle

The plant based nature fiber added as a reinforced material for so many structural applications. From this awareness of earlier research in this paper by changing orientation of fiber and the mechanical properties and machining performance of flax fiber evaluated. The preparation of composite polyester resin was used with varying layers of flax fibers. The hand layup technique was adopted to fabricate the composites. The main aim of this research is to find out the effect of the fiber orientation. Different fiber orientations were used like 0º, 30º, 45˚, 60˚, and 90˚. Mechanical properties, tensile and flexural strength and abrasive water jet machining also performed to study the kerf angle. It was found that 00 and 900 orientation exhibited the better performance.

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Mechanical Property Studies on Flax Fiber Reinforced Basalt Powder Filled Polyester Composite

Current Materials Science ◽

10.2174/2666145413999201208125024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

V. Arumugaprabu ◽

K.Arun Prasath ◽

S. Mangaleswaran ◽

M. Manikanda Raja ◽

R. Jegan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Mechanical Property ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Tensile Load ◽

Flax Fiber ◽

Flexural Properties ◽

Weight Percentage ◽

Tensile Impact ◽

Polyester Composite ◽

Additional Support

: The objective of this research is to evaluate the tensile, impact and flexural properties of flax fiber and basalt powder filled polyester composite. Flax fiber is one of the predominant reinforcement natural fiber which possess good mechanical properties and addition of basalt powder as a filler provides additional support to the composite. The Composites are prepared using flax fiber arranged in 10 layers with varying weight percentage of the basalt powder as 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 25 wt.% and 30 wt.% respectively. From the results it is inferred that the composite combination 10 Layers of flax / 5 wt.%, basalt Powder absorbs more tensile load of 145 MPa. Also, for the same combination maximum flexural strength is about 60 MPa. Interestingly in the case of impact strength more energy was absorbed by 10 layers of flax and 30 wt.% of basalt powder. In addition, the failure mechanism of the composites also discussed briefly using SEM studies.

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