Impact damage tolerance of energy storage composite structures containing lithium-ion polymer batteries

This work proposes and analyzes a structurally-integrated lithium-ion battery concept. The multifunctional energy storage composite (MESC) structures developed here encapsulate lithium-ion battery materials inside high-strength carbon-fiber composites and use interlocking polymer rivets to stabilize the electrode layer stack mechanically. These rivets enable load transfer between battery layers, allowing them to store electrical energy while also contributing to the structural load carrying performance, without any modifications to the battery chemistry. The design rationale, fabrication processes, and experimental mechano-electrical characterization of first-generation MESCs are discussed. Experimental results indicate that the MESCs offer electrochemically equivalent performance to the baseline chemistry, despite the disruptive design change. The mechanically-functionalized battery stack’s contribution is assessed via quasi-static three-point bending tests, with results showing significantly improved mechanical stiffness and strength over traditional pouch cells. The rivets minimize interlayer shear movement of the electrode stack, thus allowing it to maintain electrochemical functionalities while carrying mechanical bending. While minimal load application can cause permanent deformation of pouch cells, MESCs maintain their structural integrity and energy-storage capabilities after realistic repeated loading. The results obtained demonstrate the mechanical robustness of MESCs, which allows them to be fabricated as energy-storing structures for electric vehicles and other applications.

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Electromagnetic damage tolerance for radar absorbing composite structures with impact damage

Composites Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108366 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 199 ◽

pp. 108366

Author(s):

Jeong-In Go ◽

Won-Jun Lee ◽

Sang-Yong Kim ◽

Sang-Min Baek ◽

Won-Ho Choi

Keyword(s):

Composite Structures ◽

Damage Tolerance ◽

Impact Damage

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Impact damage tolerance of composite repairs to highly-loaded, high temperature composite structures

Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing ◽

10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.05.015 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 42 (10) ◽

pp. 1321-1334 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

A.B. Harman ◽

A.N. Rider

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Composite Structures ◽

Damage Tolerance ◽

Impact Damage ◽

Composite Repairs ◽

Highly Loaded

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The Probabilistic Compliance Methodology for Damage Tolerance Design of Thicker Composite Structure

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.872 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 239-242 ◽

pp. 872-875

Author(s):

Tian Chun Zou ◽

Peng Hao ◽

Jia Rui Zhang ◽

Zhen Yu Feng

Keyword(s):

Impact Energy ◽

Composite Structure ◽

Composite Laminates ◽

Composite Structures ◽

Damage Tolerance ◽

Impact Damage ◽

Tolerance Design ◽

Research Results ◽

Certification Requirements

In this paper, the probabilistic compliance methodology for damage tolerance design of thicker composite structures were investigated, and the research results show that for the composite laminates withstanding impact energy below 90J, if it cannot produce barely visible impact damage (BVID), then using the probabilistic methodology can meet certification requirements of damage tolerance.

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Inner Damage and External Dent in Composite Structures after Impact – Part I: Experimental Observations

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.457 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 577-578 ◽

pp. 457-460

Author(s):

Christine Espinosa ◽

Miriam Ruiz-Ayuso ◽

Frédéric Lachaud

Keyword(s):

Composite Structures ◽

Mass Velocity ◽

Damage Tolerance ◽

Impact Damage ◽

Experimental Testing ◽

Tolerance Analysis ◽

Small Mass ◽

Numerical Testing ◽

Damage Tolerance Analysis ◽

Dent Depth

The damage tolerance methodology is used here to compare impact damage from experimental testing and virtual (numerical) testing. The first part of the study aims to identify links between experimental internal (delaminated area) and external measurable damage (dent depth) for a typical aeronautical T800S/M21e laminate. Effects of the mass/velocity ratios at some level of impact energy are evaluated. It is shown that a big mass generates denser and larger delamination with about the same dent than a small mass, which is a critical case for damage tolerance analysis. A relation between the external dent depth and internal delaminated area is proposed.

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Stochastic Expansion Planning of Various Energy Storage Technologies in Active Power Distribution Networks

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13105752 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 5752

Author(s):

Reza Sabzehgar ◽

Diba Zia Amirhosseini ◽

Saeed D. Manshadi ◽

Poria Fajri

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Power Distribution ◽

Power Flow ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Distribution Networks ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

Flow Equations ◽

Second Order Cone ◽

Li Ion ◽

The Cost

This work aims to minimize the cost of installing renewable energy resources (photovoltaic systems) as well as energy storage systems (batteries), in addition to the cost of operation over a period of 20 years, which will include the cost of operating the power grid and the charging and discharging of the batteries. To this end, we propose a long-term planning optimization and expansion framework for a smart distribution network. A second order cone programming (SOCP) algorithm is utilized in this work to model the power flow equations. The minimization is computed in accordance to the years (y), seasons (s), days of the week (d), time of the day (t), and different scenarios based on the usage of energy and its production (c). An IEEE 33-bus balanced distribution test bench is utilized to evaluate the performance, effectiveness, and reliability of the proposed optimization and forecasting model. The numerical studies are conducted on two of the highest performing batteries in the current market, i.e., Lithium-ion (Li-ion) and redox flow batteries (RFBs). In addition, the pros and cons of distributed Li-ion batteries are compared with centralized RFBs. The results are presented to showcase the economic profits of utilizing these battery technologies.

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Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14144000 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4000

Author(s):

Eunhwan Kim ◽

Juyeon Han ◽

Seokgyu Ryu ◽

Youngkyu Choi ◽

Jeeyoung Yoo

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Electrochemical Energy Storage ◽

Storage Device ◽

Energy Storage Device ◽

Energy Storage Devices ◽

Storage Devices ◽

Storage Ability ◽

Electrochemical Energy

For decades, improvements in electrolytes and electrodes have driven the development of electrochemical energy storage devices. Generally, electrodes and electrolytes should not be developed separately due to the importance of the interaction at their interface. The energy storage ability and safety of energy storage devices are in fact determined by the arrangement of ions and electrons between the electrode and the electrolyte. In this paper, the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors using ionic liquids (ILs) as an electrolyte are reviewed. Additionally, the energy storage device ILs developed over the last decade are introduced.

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Attenuation of DC-Link Pulsation of a Four-Wire Inverter during Phase Unbalanced Current Operation

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11031322 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 1322

Author(s):

Dariusz Zieliński ◽

Karol Fatyga

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Control Algorithm ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Power Converter ◽

Dual Active Bridge ◽

Three Phase ◽

Ion Storage ◽

Energy Store ◽

Phase Converter

This paper proposes a control algorithm for a hybrid power electronic AC/DC converter for prosumer applications operating under deep phase current asymmetry. The proposed system allows independent control of active and reactive power for each phase of the power converter without current pulsation on the DC link connected to an energy store. The system and its algorithm are based on a three-phase converter in four-wire topology (AC/DC 3p-4w) with two dual-active bridge (DC/DC) converters, interfaced with a supercapacitor and an energy storage. The control algorithm tests were carried out in a Hardware in the Loop environment. Obtained results indicate that operation with deep unbalances and powers of opposite signs in individual phases leads to current oscillations in the DC link. This phenomenon significantly limits energy storage utilization due to safety and durability reasons. The proposed algorithm significantly reduces the level of pulsation in the DC link which increases safety and reduces strain on lithium-ion storage technology, enabling their application in four-wire converter applications.

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Novel Lithium-Ion Capacitor Based on a NiO-rGO Composite

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14133586 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3586

Author(s):

Qi An ◽

Xingru Zhao ◽

Shuangfu Suo ◽

Yuzhu Bai

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Energy Density ◽

Power Density ◽

High Power ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

High Energy ◽

Cycle Life ◽

High Energy Density ◽

Lithium Ion Capacitor

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) have been widely explored for energy storage. Nevertheless, achieving good energy density, satisfactory power density, and stable cycle life is still challenging. For this study, we fabricated a novel LIC with a NiO-rGO composite as a negative material and commercial activated carbon (AC) as a positive material for energy storage. The NiO-rGO//AC system utilizes NiO nanoparticles uniformly distributed in rGO to achieve a high specific capacity (with a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and a charge capacity of 945.8 mA h g−1) and uses AC to provide a large specific surface area and adjustable pore structure, thereby achieving excellent electrochemical performance. In detail, the NiO-rGO//AC system (with a mass ratio of 1:3) can achieve a high energy density (98.15 W h kg−1), a high power density (10.94 kW kg−1), and a long cycle life (with 72.1% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles). This study outlines a new option for the manufacture of LIC devices that feature both high energy and high power densities.

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