scholarly journals Polymyxin B combinations with FDA-approved non-antibiotic phenothiazine drugs targeting multi-drug resistance of Gram-negative pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 2247-2258
Author(s):  
Maytham Hussein ◽  
Xiaohan Hu ◽  
Olivia K.A. Paulin ◽  
Simon Crawford ◽  
Qi Tony Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Phenothiazine Drugs

scholarly journals Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) and Metallo Beta Lactamases (MBL) Mediated Resistance in Gram Negative Bacterial Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramila Pathak ◽  
Nandalal Jaishi ◽  
Binod Kumar Yadav ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) along with Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo β-lactamase (MBL) producing gram negative bacterial isolates among the patients attending Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from June to December; 2016. Altogether 977 clinical specimens were processed for analysis of bacteriological profile and the isolates were identified by culture, morphological and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion methods following Clinical and Laboratories Standard Institute guideline and the isolates were tested for ESBL and MBL by combined disk method.Results: out of 977 clinical specimens, 254 (25.99%) were found to be gram negative bacterial isolates, among them Klebsiella pneumoniae 83 (32.67%) was the most predominant organism followed by E. coli 51 (20.07%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 36 (14.17%), K. oxytoca 32 (12.59%), Proteus mirabilis 13 (5.11%) and P. vulgaris 13 (5.11%), Acinetobacter spp. 11 (4.33%), Citrobacter spp. 10 (3.93%) and Enterobacter spp. 5 (1.96%) respectively. 83 (32.67%) isolates were found to be MDR, 38(14.96%) were positive for ESBL while 19 (7.48%) were MBL producer.Conclusion: The determent drug resistance among ESBL and MBL producers, reflect the extensive use of antibiotics possessing difficulties in therapeutic potions in hospital setting which might be overcome by proper microbiological analysis of pathogenic isolates and judicious use of antibiotics for emergence of resistance strains.

scholarly journals A high prevalence of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli in a Nepali tertiary care hospital and associated widespread distribution of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-encoding genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulochana Manandhar ◽  
Raphael M. Zellweger ◽  
Nhukesh Maharjan ◽  
Sabina Dongol ◽  
Krishna G. Prajapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Multi-drug resistance (MDR) and extensive-drug resistance (XDR) associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacteria are global public health concerns. Data on circulating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Gram-negative bacteria and their correlation with MDR and ESBL phenotypes from Nepal is scarce. Methods A retrospective study was performed investigating the distribution of ESBL and carbapenemase genes and their potential association with ESBL and MDR phenotypes in E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Acinetobacter spp. isolated in a major tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal, between 2012 and 2018. Results During this period, the hospital isolated 719 E. coli, 532 Klebsiella spp., 520 Enterobacter spp. and 382 Acinetobacter spp.; 1955/2153 (90.1%) of isolates were MDR and half (1080/2153) were ESBL producers. Upon PCR amplification, blaTEM (1281/1771; 72%), blaCTXM-1 (930/1771; 53%) and blaCTXM-8 (419/1771; 24%) were the most prevalent ESBL genes in the enteric bacilli. BlaOXA and blaOXA-51 were the most common blaOXA family genes in the enteric bacilli (918/1771; 25%) and Acinetobacter spp. (218/382; 57%) respectively. Sixteen percent (342/2153) of all isolates and 20% (357/1771) of enteric bacilli harboured blaNDM-1 and blaKPC carbapenemase genes respectively. Of enteric bacilli, Enterobacter spp. was the most frequently positive for blaKPC gene (201/337; 60%). The presence of each blaCTX-M and blaOXA were significantly associated with non-susceptibility to third generation cephalosporins (OR 14.7, p < 0.001 and OR 2.3, p < 0.05, respectively).The presence of each blaTEM, blaCTXM and blaOXA family genes were significantly associated with ESBL positivity (OR 2.96, p < 0.001; OR 14.2, p < 0.001 and OR 1.3, p < 0.05 respectively) and being MDR (OR 1.96, p < 0.001; OR 5.9, p < 0.001 and OR 2.3, p < 0.001 respectively). Conclusions This study documents an alarming level of AMR with high prevalence of MDR ESBL- and carbapenemase-positive ESKAPE microorganisms in our clinical setting. These data suggest a scenario where the clinical management of infected patients is increasingly difficult and requires the use of last-resort antimicrobials, which in turn is likely to intensify the magnitude of global AMR crisis.

scholarly journals Integrons as surrogate marker for multi drug resistance in gram negative bacilli

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopalakrishnan Kaushik ◽  
K Arunkumar ◽  
G Sivakumar ◽  
R Rajasomasundharam ◽  
Padma Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative

scholarly journals Escherichia Coli Isolate From Hospital Sewage Is Carrying blaNDM-1 and blaoxa-10

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zimeng Hu ◽  
Weiye Chen ◽  
Genglin Guo ◽  
Chen Dong ◽  
Yun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Sewage

Abstract Carbapenems, as the “last line of defense” against gram-negative bacteria, are increasingly being challenged by drug-resistant bacteria, especially in Enterobacteriaceae. In this study, a carbapenems resistant gram-negative bacterium, named AH001, was isolated from hospital sewage, and modified Hoge test confirmed this bacterium can produce carbapenemase. Further analysis revealed that this bacterium is multi-drug resistance, which against additional seven antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing and analysis showed that AH001 could not be classified by existing MLST, and its serotype couldn’t be distinguished among O9, O89 or O168 in O antigen prediction. More attention should be paid to the role of environmental source Escherichia coli in the development and transfer of drug resistance in the hospital environment.

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