scholarly journals Effect of direct water injection temperature on combustion process and thermal efficiency within compression ignition internal combustion Rankine engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 101592
Author(s):  
Zhe Kang ◽  
Shangsi Feng ◽  
Yang Lv ◽  
Jingtao Wu ◽  
Zhijun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Direct Water Injection ◽  
Injection Temperature

scholarly journals Exhaust gas heat recovery through secondary expansion cylinder and water injection in an internal combustion engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1 Part B) ◽  
pp. 729-743
Author(s):  
Toosi Nassiri ◽  
Amir Kakaee ◽  
Hazhir Ebne-Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Direct Water Injection ◽  
Novel Concept

To enhance thermal efficiency and increase performance of an internal combustion engine, a novel concept of coupling a conventional engine with a secondary 4-stroke cylinder and direct water injection process is proposed. The burned gases after working in a traditional 4-stroke combustion cylinder are transferred to a secondary cylinder and expanded even more. After re-compression of the exhaust gases, pre-heated water is injected at top dead center. The evaporation of injected water not only recovers heat from exhaust gases, but also increases the mass of working gas inside the cylinder, therefore improves the overall thermal efficiency. A 0-D/1-D model is used to numerically simulate the idea. The simulations outputs showed that the bottoming cycle will be more efficient at higher engines speeds, specifically in a supercharged/turbocharged engine, which have higher exhaust gas pressure that can reproduce more positive work. In the modeled supercharged engine, results showed that brake thermal efficiency can be improved by about 17%, and brake power by about 17.4%.

A comprehensive evaluation of water injection in the diesel engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110442
Author(s):  
Sebastian Welscher ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Moradi ◽  
Antonino Vacca ◽  
Peter Bloch ◽  
Michael Grill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Pressure Trace ◽  
High Level

Due to increasing climate awareness and the introduction of much stricter exhaust emission legislation the internal combustion engine technology faces major challenges. Although the development and state of technology of internal combustion engines generally reached a very high level over the last years those need to be improved even more. Combining water injection with a diesel engine, therefore, seems to be the next logical step in developing a highly efficient drive train for future mobility. To investigate these potentials, a comprehensive evaluation of water injection on the diesel engine was carried out. This study covers >560 individual operating points on the test bench. The tests were carried out on a single-cylinder derived from a Euro 6d four-cylinder passenger car with the port water injection. Furthermore, a detailed pressure trace analysis (PTA) was performed to evaluate various aspects regarding combustion, emission, etc. The results show no significant effects of water injection on the combustion process, but great potential for NOx reduction. It has been shown that with the use of water injection at water-to-fuel rates of 25%, 50%, and 100%, NOx reduction without deterioration of soot levels can be achieved in 62%, 40%, and 20% of the experiments, respectively. Furthermore, water injection in combination with EGR offers additional reduction in NOx emissions.

The impact of water injection and exhaust gas recirculation on combustion and emissions in a heavy-duty compression ignition engine operated on diesel and gasoline

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1555-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pamminger ◽  
Buyu Wang ◽  
Carrie M Hall ◽  
Ryan Vojtech ◽  
Thomas Wallner
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Ratio ◽  
Main Injection ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Diesel Operation

Steady-state experiments were conducted on a 12.4L, six-cylinder heavy-duty engine to investigate the influence of port-injected water and dilution via exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on combustion and emissions for diesel and gasoline operation. Adding a diluent to the combustion process reduces peak combustion temperatures and can reduce the reactivity of the charge, thereby increasing the ignition-delay and, allowing for more time to premix air and fuel. Experiments spanned water/fuel mass ratios up to 140mass% and exhaust gas recirculation ratios up to 20vol% for gasoline and diesel operation with different injection strategies. Diluting the combustion process with either water or EGR resulted in a significant reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions along with a reduction in brake thermal efficiency. The sensitivity of brake thermal efficiency to water and EGR varied among the fuels and injection strategies investigated. An efficiency breakdown revealed that water injection considerably reduced the wall heat transfer; however, a substantial increase in exhaust enthalpy offset the reduction in wall heat transfer and led to a reduction in brake thermal efficiency. Regular diesel operation with main and post injection exhibited a brake thermal efficiency of 45.8% and a 0.3% reduction at a water/fuel ratio of 120%. The engine operation with gasoline, early pilot, and main injection strategy showed a brake thermal efficiency of 45.0% at 0% water/fuel ratio, and a 1.2% decrease in brake thermal efficiency for a water/fuel ratio of 140%. Using EGR as a diluent reduced the brake thermal efficiency by 0.3% for diesel operation, comparing ratios of 0% and 20% EGR. However, a higher impact on brake thermal efficiency was seen for gasoline operation with early pilot and main injection strategy, with a reduction of about 0.8% comparing 0% and 20% EGR. Dilution by means of EGR exhibited a reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions up to 15 g/kWh; water injection showed only up to 10 g/kWh reduction for the EGR rates and water/fuel ratio investigated.

scholarly journals A Review of Comparative Study on The Effect of Hydroxyl Gas in Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) On Engine Performance and Exhaust Emission

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Amir Ridhuan ◽  
Shahrul Azmir Osman ◽  
Mas Fawzi ◽  
Ahmad Jais Alimin ◽  
Saliza Azlina Osman
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Brake Power

This introductory study comes up with an innovative idea of using Hydroxyl gas as a fuel performance enhancer to reduce the natural sources and the overuse of fossil fuel resulting in increased pollution levels. Many researchers have used HHO gas to analyze gasoline and diesel in internal combustion engines. The main challenges of using HHO gas in engines have been identified as system complexity, safety, cost, and electrolysis efficiency. This article focuses on different performance reports and the emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine. As opposed to general diesel, this study found that using HHO gas improved brake power and torque. In all cases, an increase in braking thermal efficiency can be observed. This was due to the presence of hydrogen in HHO gas with higher calorific value than fossil fuels. At the same time, the fuel consumption unit of the engine was reduced, and the combined impact of hydrogen and oxygen helped to achieve complete combustion and improved the combustion capacity of the fuel when HHO gas was injected. The addition of HHO gas also improved the Brake Power (BP), Brake Torque (BT), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), and thermal efficiency while simultaneously reducing CO and HC formation. The rise in CO2 emissions represented the completion of combustion. Therefore, the usage of HHO gas in the Compression Ignition (CI) engine improved the engine performance and exhaust emissions.

INFRARED EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE EFFECTS OF DIRECT WATER INJECTION IN AN OPTICAL ENGINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Amer Farhat ◽  
Taewon Kim ◽  
Ming-Chia Lai ◽  
Marcis Jansons ◽  
Xin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Direct Water Injection

Abstract The effects of water injection on combustion characteristics were investigated in an optically-accessible light-duty engine retrofitted with a side-mounted water injector. The main objective was to study the effect of water injection on autoignition and subsequent combustion process in compression ignition engines. Numerical zero-dimensional simulations were first performed to separate the thermal from the kinetic effects of water on the ignition delay and maximum temperature reached by a reacting mixture. Then, experimental investigations were performed at different intake temperatures and levels of thermal stratification achieved via direct water injection. Combustion analysis was performed on cylinder pressure data to study the effect of water injection on the overall combustion process. Infrared imaging was performed to provide insight to how water injection and the resulting water distributions affect thermal stratification, autoignition, and combustion characteristics. A new method in quantifying the water distributions is suggested. The results show that the overall level of stratification is sensitive to water injection timing and pressure, where increased water injection pressures and advanced injection timings result in more homogenous distributions. Moreover, water injection was found to affect the location of ignition kernels and the local presence of water suppressed ignition. The level of water stratification was also observed to affect the combustion process, where more homogenous distributions lost their ability to influence ignition locations. Finally, the infrared images showed high levels of residual water left over from prior water-injected cycles, suggesting that hardware configurations and injection strategies must be optimized to avoid wall wetting for stable engine operation.

scholarly journals Diagnosing of misfire events in compression-ignition engines with the help of vibroacoustic methods in the aspect of OBD system application in diesel locomotives

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Jerzy MERKISZ ◽  
Marek WALIGÓRSKI
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Railway Traction

The article concerns the possibilities of use of the method being able to assess of the combustion process and its lack in internal combustion engines of railway traction vehicles, that bases on the use of vibration signal parameters. The paper includes the results of research conducted on the engine test bench with a single cylinder research and compression-ignition engine with direct injection, and tests for the engine of a diesel locomotive in the exploitation condition. Possibility of the vibration signal estimators application to the assessment of a combustion process lack in an internal combustion engine and a high reliability of combustion process diagnostics basing on the above method have been proved.

Infrared Experimental Investigations on the Effects of Direct Water Injection in an Optical Engine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Farhat ◽  
Taewon Kim ◽  
Ming-Chia Lai ◽  
Marcis Jansons ◽  
Xin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Direct Water Injection

Abstract The effects of water injection on combustion characteristics were investigated in an optically-accessible light-duty engine retrofitted with a side-mounted water injector. The main objective was to study the effect of water injection on autoignition and subsequent combustion process in compression ignition engines. Numerical zero-dimensional simulations were first performed to separate the thermal from the kinetic effects of water on the ignition delay and maximum temperature reached by a reacting mixture. Then, experimental investigations were performed at different intake temperatures and levels of thermal stratification achieved via direct water injection. Combustion analysis was performed on cylinder pressure data to study the effect of water injection on the overall combustion process. Infrared imaging was performed to provide insight to how water injection and the resulting water distributions affect thermal stratification, autoignition, and combustion characteristics. A new method in quantifying the water distributions is suggested. The results show that the overall level of stratification is sensitive to water injection timing and pressure, where increased water injection pressures and advanced injection timings result in more homogenous distributions. Moreover, water injection was found to affect the location of ignition kernels and the local presence of water suppressed ignition. The level of water stratification was also observed to affect the combustion process, where more homogenous distributions lost their ability to influence ignition locations. Finally, the infrared images showed high levels of residual water left over from prior water-injected cycles, suggesting that hardware configurations and injection strategies must be optimized to avoid wall wetting for stable engine operation.

scholarly journals Chemical kinetic analysis of in-cylinder ion current generation under direct water injection within internal combustion Rankine cycle engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-161
Author(s):  
Zhe Kang ◽  
Yang Lv ◽  
Nanxi Zhou ◽  
Lezhong Fu ◽  
Jun Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Current Signal ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Direct Water Injection

Direct water injection provides feasible solution for combustion optimization and efficiency enhancement within internal combustion Rankine cycle engine, while the feedback signal of close-loop direct water injection control is still absent. Ion current detection monitors in-cylinder electron variation which shows potential in revealing direct water injection process. For better understanding of unprecedented augment of ion current signal under direct water injection within internal combustion Rankine cycle engine, a chemical kinetic model is established to calculate the effect of intake oxygen fraction, fuel quantity, initial temperature and residual water vapor on in-cylinder electron formation based on GRI Mech 3.0 and ion current skeleton mechanism. The simulation results indicate direct water injection process show significant impact on in-cylinder electron formation through chemical interactions between H2O and other intermedia species including HO2, O2, CH3 and H, these reactions provides additional OH radical for propane oxidation facilitation, which result in large portion of CH radical formation and therefore, lead to higher in-cylinder electron generation. The initial temperature plays a vital role in determining whether residual water vapor show positive or negative effect by in-cylinder temperature coordination of direct water injection. Results of this work can be used to explain phenomenon related to direct water injection and ion current signal variation under both internal combustion Rankine cycle or traditional petrol engine.

Computational fluid dynamics investigations of the effect of water injection timing on thermal stratification and heat release in thermally stratified compression ignition combustion

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Rahimi Boldaji ◽  
Aimilios Sofianopoulos ◽  
Sotirios Mamalis ◽  
Benjamin Lawler
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Advanced Combustion ◽  
Direct Water Injection ◽  
Temperature Combustion

Advanced combustion concepts, like homogeneous charge compression ignition, are limited by their narrow operating range, which stems from a lack of control over the heat release process. This study explores a new advanced combustion mode, called thermally stratified compression ignition, which uses a direct water injection event to control the heat release process in low-temperature combustion. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model coupled with detailed chemical kinetics is used to better understand the effects of direct water injection on thermal stratification in the cylinder and the resulting heat release process. Previous results showed that increasing the injection pressure results in a significantly broader temperature distribution due to increased evaporative cooling. In this way, direct water injection can control low-temperature combustion heat release and extend significantly the operable load range. In this study, simulations were performed over a range of start of injection timings in order to determine its effect on thermal stratification and heat release. The results show that for both low and high injection pressures advancing the start of water injection results in increased thermal stratification and reduced peak pressure and heat release rate for injections occurring after −60 °CAD. Before −60 °CAD, advancing the water injection has a varied effect on thermal stratification and heat release depending on the injection pressure and mass of the injected water.

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