Cumulative effects of large-scale desalination on the salinity of semi-enclosed seas

Desalination ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 526 ◽  
pp. 115522
Author(s):  
Jonathan Chenoweth ◽  
Raya A. Al-Masri
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cumulative Effects

scholarly journals Impact of cyberattacks on stock performance: a comparative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Tweneboah-Kodua ◽  
Francis Atsu ◽  
William Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Data Breach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Technology Firms ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Purpose The study uses cyberattacks announcements on 96 firms that are listed on S&P 500 over the period from January 03, 2013, to December 29, 2017. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis was performed in two ways: cross-section and industry level. The authors use statistical tests that account for the effects of cross-section correlation in returns, returns series correlation, volatility changes and skewness in the returns. Findings These imply that studying the cumulative effects of cyberattacks on prices of listed firms without grouping them into the various sectors may be non-informative; financial sector firms tend to react cumulatively to cyberattacks over a three-day period than other sectors; and technology firms tend to be less reactive to the announcement of a data breach. Such firms may possibly have the necessary tools and techniques to address large-scale cyberattacks. Research limitations/implications For cross-section analysis, the outcome shows that the market does not significantly react to cyberattacks for all the event windows, except [−30, 30], while for the sector-level analysis, the analysis offers two main results. Practical implications First, while there is a firm reaction to cyberattacks for long event window for retail sector, there is no evidence of a cumulative firm reaction to cyberattacks for both short and long event windows for the industrial, information technology and health sectors. Second, the firms in the financial sector, there is a strong evidence of cumulative reaction to cyberattacks for [−1, 1] for the financial industry, and the reactions disappear for relatively longer event windows. Social implications These imply that studying the cumulative effects of cyberattacks on prices of listed firms without grouping them into the various sectors may be non-informative, the financial sector firms tend to react cumulatively to cyberattacks over a three-day period than other sectors, technology firms tend to be less reactive to the announcement of a data breach, possibly such firms may have the necessary tools and techniques to address large-scale cyberattacks. Originality/value The work provides new insights into the effect of cyber security on stock prices.

Biodiversity, trait composition and ecological functioning: impacts of coastal urbanisation on subtropical mudflats

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navodha G. Dissanayake ◽  
Christopher L. J. Frid ◽  
Bryony A. Caswell
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Ecological Functioning

The world’s coastlines have become heavily modified over the last century, with the adjacent natural habitats declining in biodiversity and health under increasing pressure from urbanisation. In this study we assessed the structure and biological traits of macrofaunal assemblages from 24 south-east Queensland mudflats in order to determine whether ecological functioning (e.g. primary production, nutrient cycling) and the delivery of ecosystem services was affected by urbanisation. This work represents the most comprehensive assessment of mudflat assemblages in the region to date. The mudflats contained 50 macrofaunal taxa and so were comparable to other local intertidal systems. Summer assemblages contained more species, more individuals and had differing taxonomic composition. When indexed as a proportion of subcatchment area, urbanisation did not correspond to a clear impact on macrofaunal composition; rather, the nature of the industry or activity was critical. Mudflats from subcatchments with industries producing organic wastes significantly differed from subcatchments with <1.3% cover of these industries. Functioning was conserved in mudflats experiencing current levels of enrichment, but this may decline with growing pressure from human populations. The results of this study illustrate that large-scale spatial data, such as from satellites, can be used to detect the cumulative effects of urbanisation when the pressures are highly resolved.

scholarly journals Applying cumulative effects to strategically advance large‐scale ecosystem restoration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heida L Diefenderfer ◽  
Gregory D Steyer ◽  
Matthew C Harwell ◽  
Andrew J LoSchiavo ◽  
Hilary A Neckles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecosystem Restoration ◽  
Cumulative Effects

scholarly journals Scientific considerations and challenges for addressing cumulative effects in forest landscapes in Canada.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Venier ◽  
Russ Walton ◽  
James Peter Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Environmental Response ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Forested Ecosystems

Traditionally, forest management has focused on forestry-related practices while other industries have been managed separately. Forest management requires the integration of all natural resource development activities, along with other anthropogenic and natural forest disturbances (e.g., climate change, pollution, wildfire, pest disturbance) to understand how human activities can change forested ecosystems. The term cumulative effects has been used to describe these attempts to integrate all disturbances to develop an understanding of past, current and future impacts on environmental, social and economic components of the system. In this review, we focus on the science required to understand the past, current and future impacts of the cumulative effects of anthropogenic and natural disturbances on forested ecosystems or their components. We have primarily focused on the terrestrial system with an emphasis on northern forests in Canada. Our paper is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all cumulative effects science but a synthesis of the challenges and approaches currently being used. Central repositories were identified as an approach to deal with issues of availability of remotely sensed data on anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Data integration projects, open data and well-designed large-scale data collection efforts are needed to provide sufficient data on environmental responses to cumulative effects. As well, large-scale integrated, modularized ecosystem models are needed to bring stressor and environmental response data together to explore responses to, and interactions between, multiple stressors, to project these effects into the future, and to identify future data collection needs.

scholarly journals Cumulative Groundwater Impact Assessment and Management – An Example in Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Pandey ◽  
Randall Cox ◽  
Steven Flook
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Coal Bed ◽  
Coal Bed Methane ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Artesian Basin ◽  
Cumulative Impact Assessment ◽  
Set Up

Production of coal seam gas (CSG), or coal bed methane, requires large-scale depressurisation of a target formation by extracting groundwater, which, in turn, has the potential to affect overlying and underlying aquifers. This leads to wide-ranging stakeholder concerns around the impacts on groundwater assets such as water supply bores, groundwater-dependent ecosystems and connected watercourses. Around 2010, the CSG industry in Queensland, Australia grew rapidly with the expansion of operations in the Surat and Bowen basins by multiple operators. This particularly raised concerns about the cumulative effects, because the target coal seams are part of the Great Artesian Basin – one of the world’s largest aquifers. To respond to this challenge, an innovative framework was developed to provide for an independent cumulative impact assessment and to set up arrangements for managing those impacts. This chapter describes the main thrust of that framework.

Mechanical aspects of mesenchymal morphogenesis

Development ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-125
Author(s):  
G. F. Oster ◽  
J. D. Murray ◽  
A. K. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Contact Guidance ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Cell Movements ◽  
Vertebrate Limb ◽  
Matrix Properties ◽  
Contractile Forces

Many embryonic cells generate substantial contractile forces as they spread and crawl.These forces mechanically deform each cell's local environment, and the resulting distortions can alter subsequent cell movements by convection and the mechanisms of contact guidance and haptotaxis. Here we develop a model for the cumulative effects of these cell-generated forces and show how they can lead to the formation of regular large-scale patterns in cell populations. This model leads to several predictions concerning the effects of cellular and matrix properties on the resulting patterns. We apply the model to two widely studied morphogenetic processes: (a) patterns of skin-organ primordia, especially feather germ formation, and (b) the condensation of cartilagenous skeletal rudiments in the developing vertebrate limb.

Some comments about observations and image processing of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
D. Kubáček ◽  
A. Galád ◽  
A. Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Harvard College ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Harvard College Observatory ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractUnusual short-period comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 inspired many observers to explain its unpredictable outbursts. In this paper large scale structures and features from the inner part of the coma in time periods around outbursts are studied. CCD images were taken at Whipple Observatory, Mt. Hopkins, in 1989 and at Astronomical Observatory, Modra, from 1995 to 1998. Photographic plates of the comet were taken at Harvard College Observatory, Oak Ridge, from 1974 to 1982. The latter were digitized at first to apply the same techniques of image processing for optimizing the visibility of features in the coma during outbursts. Outbursts and coma structures show various shapes.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Large-scale Motion of Solar Filaments

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Pavel Ambrož ◽  
Alfred Schroll
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Solar Filaments ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Scale Motion ◽  
Velocity Scatter

AbstractPrecise measurements of heliographic position of solar filaments were used for determination of the proper motion of solar filaments on the time-scale of days. The filaments have a tendency to make a shaking or waving of the external structure and to make a general movement of whole filament body, coinciding with the transport of the magnetic flux in the photosphere. The velocity scatter of individual measured points is about one order higher than the accuracy of measurements.

Some applications of electron beam microanalysis techniques in VLSI process evaluation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Simon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Analysis Of Failures ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Trends in the technology development of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) have been in the direction of higher density of components with smaller dimensions. The scaling down of device dimensions has been not only laterally but also in depth. Such efforts in miniaturization bring with them new developments in materials and processing. Successful implementation of these efforts is, to a large extent, dependent on the proper understanding of the material properties, process technologies and reliability issues, through adequate analytical studies. The analytical instrumentation technology has, fortunately, kept pace with the basic requirements of devices with lateral dimensions in the micron/ submicron range and depths of the order of nonometers. Often, newer analytical techniques have emerged or the more conventional techniques have been adapted to meet the more stringent requirements. As such, a variety of analytical techniques are available today to aid an analyst in the efforts of VLSI process evaluation. Generally such analytical efforts are divided into the characterization of materials, evaluation of processing steps and the analysis of failures.

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