Postprandial gut hormone responses to Hass avocado meals and their association with visual analog scores in overweight adults: A randomized 3 × 3 crossover trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Haddad ◽  
Michelle Wien ◽  
Keiji Oda ◽  
Joan Sabaté
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Hass Avocado ◽  
Overweight Adults

Pancreatic and gut hormone responses to mixed meal test in post-chronic pancreatitis diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 101316
Author(s):  
Liang Qi ◽  
Qiong Wei ◽  
Muhan Ni ◽  
Dechen Liu ◽  
Jiantong Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Meal Test ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Mixed Meal Test ◽  
Hormone Responses

DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF BILE ACIDS ON THE POST-PRANDIAL SECRETION OF GUT HORMONES: a randomised crossover study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Rose McGlone ◽  
Khalefah Malallah ◽  
Joyceline Cuenco ◽  
Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen ◽  
Jens J. Holst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Mixed Meal Test ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 ◽  
Insulinotropic Peptide

AIMS Bile acids (BA) regulate post-prandial metabolism directly and indirectly by affecting the secretion of gut hormones like glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The post-prandial effects of BA on the secretion of other metabolically active hormones are not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of oral ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) on post-prandial secretion of GLP-1, oxyntomodulin (OXM), peptide YY (PYY), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon and ghrelin. METHODS Twelve healthy volunteers underwent a mixed meal test 60 minutes after ingestion of UDCA (12-16 mg/kg), CDCA (13-16 mg/kg) or no BA in a randomised cross-over study. Glucose, insulin, GLP-1, OXM, PYY, GIP, glucagon, ghrelin and fibroblast growth factor 19 were measured prior to BA administration at -60, 0 (just prior to mixed meal) and 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 minutes after the meal. RESULTS UDCA and CDCA provoked differential gut hormone responses: UDCA did not have any significant effects, but CDCA provoked significant increases in GLP-1 and OXM and a profound reduction in GIP. CDCA increased fasting GLP-1 and OXM secretion in parallel with an increase in insulin. On the other hand, CDCA reduced post-prandial secretion of GIP, with an associated reduction in post-prandial insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous CDCA can exert multiple salutary effects on the secretion of gut hormones; if these effects are confirmedin obesity and type 2 diabetes, CDCA may be a potential therapy for these conditions.

Gut Hormone Responses to Feeding in Healthy Pony Foals Aged 0 to 7 Days1

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (monograph_series1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Ousey ◽  
M. Ghatei ◽  
P.D. Rossdale ◽  
S.R. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Hormone Responses

scholarly journals Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Gut Hormone Responses in Pre-Diabetics and Type 2 Diabetics

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Chris Irvine ◽  
Todd Castleberry ◽  
Michael Oldham ◽  
Matthew Brisebois ◽  
Sarah Deemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Hormone Responses

Pancreas and gut hormone responses to oral glucose and intravenous glucagon in cystic fibrosis patients with normal, impaired, and diabetic glucose tolerance

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Lanng ◽  
Birger Thorsteinsson ◽  
Michael E Røder ◽  
Cathrine Ørskov ◽  
Jens J Holst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Hormone Responses

Pancreatic and gut hormone responses to oral glucose, and insulin sensitivity were studied in cystic fibrosis patients with normal (N= 14), impaired (N=4), and diabetic (N= 12) glucose tolerance, and in 10 control subjects, and beta cell responses to oral glucose and intravenous glucagon were compared. Compared to control subjects, initial insulin and C-peptide responses to oral glucose were lower in all patient groups, and decreased with decreasing glucose tolerance. Insulin sensitivity in patients with impaired and diabetic glucose tolerance was lower than in control subjects. The 6 min post-glucagon C-peptide concentration was positively correlated with the initial insulin response to oral glucose. Fasting levels of pancreatic polypeptide, pancreatic glucagon, total glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 7-36 amide, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide were normal in all patient groups. Following oral glucose, pancreatic polypeptide responses were absent in all patients, suppressibility of pancreatic glucagon secretion was increasingly impaired with decreasing glucose tolerance, and gut hormone levels were normal. In conclusion, at cystic fibrosis (a) insulin secretion is impaired even when glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity are within the normal range, (b) the glucagon test gives valid estimates of residual beta cell function, (c) pancreatic polypeptide response to oral glucose is absent, (d) glucagon suppressibility decreases with decreasing glucose tolerance, and (e) the enteroinsular axis is intact.

scholarly journals Cephalic phase secretion of insulin and other enteropancreatic hormones in humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (1) ◽  
pp. G43-G51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Veedfald ◽  
Astrid Plamboeck ◽  
Carolyn F. Deacon ◽  
Bolette Hartmann ◽  
Filip K. Knop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Cephalic Phase ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Enteropancreatic hormone secretion is thought to include a cephalic phase, but the evidence in humans is ambiguous. We studied vagally induced gut hormone responses with and without muscarinic blockade in 10 glucose-clamped healthy men (age: 24.5 ± 0.6 yr, means ± SE; body mass index: 24.0 ± 0.5 kg/m2; HbA1c: 5.1 ± 0.1%/31.4 ± 0.5 mmol/mol). Cephalic activation was elicited by modified sham feeding (MSF, aka “chew and spit”) with or without atropine (1 mg bolus 45 min before MSF + 80 ng·kg−1·min−1 for 2 h). To mimic incipient prandial glucose excursions, glucose levels were clamped at 6 mmol/l on all days. The meal stimulus for the MSF consisted of an appetizing breakfast. Participants (9/10) also had a 6 mmol/l glucose clamp without MSF. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels rose from 6.3 ± 1.1 to 19.9 ± 6.8 pmol/l (means ± SE) in response to MSF and atropine lowered basal PP levels and abolished the MSF response. Neither insulin, C-peptide, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), nor glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels changed in response to MSF or atropine. Glucagon and ghrelin levels were markedly attenuated by atropine prior to and during the clamp: at t = 105 min on the atropine (ATR) + clamp (CLA) + MSF compared with the saline (SAL) + CLA and SAL + CLA + MSF days; baseline-subtracted glucagon levels were −10.7 ± 1.1 vs. −4.0 ± 1.1 and −4.7 ± 1.9 pmol/l (means ± SE), P < 0.0001, respectively; corresponding baseline-subtracted ghrelin levels were 303 ± 36 vs. 39 ± 38 and 3.7 ± 21 pg/ml (means ± SE), P < 0.0001. Glucagon and ghrelin levels were unaffected by MSF. Despite adequate PP responses, a cephalic phase response was absent for insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, GIP, and ghrelin.

scholarly journals Short-term, high-fat overfeeding impairs glycaemic control but does not alter gut hormone responses to a mixed meal tolerance test in healthy, normal-weight individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siôn A. Parry ◽  
Jennifer R. Smith ◽  
Talitha R. B. Corbett ◽  
Rachel M. Woods ◽  
Carl J. Hulston
Keyword(s):  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Mixed Meal Tolerance Test

AbstractObesity is undoubtedly caused by a chronic positive energy balance. However, the early metabolic and hormonal responses to overeating are poorly described. This study determined glycaemic control and selected gut hormone responses to nutrient intake before and after 7 d of high-fat overfeeding. Nine healthy individuals (five males, four females) performed a mixed meal tolerance test (MTT) before and after consuming a high-fat (65 %), high-energy (+50 %) diet for 7 d. Measurements of plasma glucose, NEFA, acylated ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and serum insulin were taken before (fasting) and at 30-min intervals throughout the 180-min MTT (postprandial). Body mass increased by 0·79 (sem 0·14) kg after high-fat overfeeding (P<0·0001), and BMI increased by 0·27 (sem 0·05) kg/m2 (P=0·002). High-fat overfeeding also resulted in an 11·6 % increase in postprandial glucose AUC (P=0·007) and a 25·9 % increase in postprandial insulin AUC (P=0·005). Acylated ghrelin, GLP-1 and GIP responses to the MTT were all unaffected by the high-fat, high-energy diet. These findings demonstrate that even brief periods of overeating are sufficient to disrupt glycaemic control. However, as the postprandial orexigenic (ghrelin) and anorexigenic/insulintropic (GLP-1 and GIP) hormone responses were unaffected by the diet intervention, it appears that these hormones are resistant to short-term changes in energy balance, and that they do not play a role in the rapid reduction in glycaemic control.

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