Acorn germination and oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) seedling development dramatically affected by spatial position of maternal trees from Ilam gas refinery, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 106329
Author(s):  
Hamed Dadkhah Aghdash ◽  
Hassan Zare-Maivan ◽  
Mehdi Heydari ◽  
Mohsen Sharifi ◽  
Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Development ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Quercus Brantii ◽  
Gas Refinery

Variation in Brant’s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) leaf traits in response to pollution from a gas refinery in semiarid forests of western Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Dadkhah-Aghdash ◽  
Mehdi Heydari ◽  
Hassan Zare-Maivan ◽  
Mohsen Sharifi ◽  
Isabel Miralles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Quercus Brantii ◽  
Gas Refinery

scholarly journals Air pollution from gas refinery through contamination with various elements disrupts semiarid Zagros oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) forests, Iran

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Dadkhah-Aghdash ◽  
Hassan Zare-Maivan ◽  
Mehdi Heydari ◽  
Mohsen Sharifi ◽  
Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Quercus Brantii ◽  
Load Indices ◽  
Gas Refinery

AbstractSoils and oak trees (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in Zagros forests are suffering from the air pollution caused by the Ilam Gas Refinery. Thus, for the first time, we investigated the contamination level of sulfur and trace elements in these ecosystems. Sampling of soil and tree leaves was carried out in different seasons of 2019 and at different distances from the gas refinery. The results showed that soils and leaves at the various distances compared with control distance (10,000 m) were more affected by the gas refinery. Distance from the pollution source and physicochemical properties of soils were the main factors affecting contamination of soil elements contents. The soils with pollution load indices (PLI) of 4.54 were in the highly polluted category. Sulfur was at highly polluted category in soils and were highly enriched in trees. The trees mainly absorbed studied elements via their aerial organs. Our findings indicated that oak trees with the highest value of metal accumulation index are influence tools for monitoring various elements in the polluted air produced by the gas refinery. It is recommended that the ecosystem components near the refinery be studied to accurately evaluate disorders in the food chain.

The Smoulder Stream of Cigarettes / Zur Kenntnis des Glimmstromes von Cigaretten

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Seehofer ◽  
W. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cigarette Paper ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe phenomenon of the smoulder stream flowing through the cigarette during smouldering and during the puff intervals is demonstrated for the first time and its dependence upon physical conditions is examined. The volume of the smoulder stream can amount up to 180 ml per cigarette. Increasing draw resistance of the cigarette and augmenting moisture content of the tobacco as well as perforation of the cigarette paper have a decreasing effect on volume and velocity of the smoulder stream. The porosity of the cigarette paper has no perceptible influence. The spatial position of the cigarette affects volume and velocity of the smoulder stream. The influence exercised by the smoulder stream on the yields of total condensate, nicotine, phenols, aldehydes, and acroleine when the cigarette tip is open during the puff intervals is determined. When the moisture contents of the tobacco were extremely high, yield decreases reaching 50 % could be observed.

FIELD GERMINATION OF ARTICHOKE SEEDS AND SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Alimardon Turakulov ◽  
◽  
Mansur Kholmurotov
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Development ◽  
Field Germination

UTILIZING COMBINATION OF HERBICIDE COMMAND AND GROWTH STIMULATORS MELAFEN AND EMISTIM C FOR TOBACCO SEEDLING GROWING

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Prolonged Effect ◽  
Agricultural Plants

Efficiency of combination of soil herbicide Command (CE 0.02 ml/m2) and growth stimulators Melafen and Emistim S for tobacco seedling growing in sheltered ground has been studied. Before studies inhibition properties of herbicide on first stage of tobacco growing were found. For decreasing effect of herbicide ’s depression and increasing growing processes researches during greenhouse and field stages have been carried. It has been found that soaking seeds in solution of growth stimulator Melafen (concentration 0.05 %) and Emistim S (concentration 0.00001 %) during 3 hours in combination with further treatments on basic stages of seedling development (cotyledon and ready for transplanting before pulling out) led not only to decreasing toxic effect of herbicide but also increasing qualitative properties of tobacco plants. Growth stimulators led to increasing length of plants from collar to growing point by 46-62 %, to end of tips - by 20-35 %, above ground plant mass - by 42 - 86 %, root mass - by 32 %. It was also noticed 28 - 36 % increasing outcome of standard seedlings from m2 in time of transplanting. Due to prolonged effect of Melafen and Emistim S seedlings transplanted into field were with increased surviving properties. Later, due to increased growing rate it was noticed increasing leaf area by 9-18 % and productivity - by 16-24 %. Economic effect due to utilizing growth stimulators Melafen and Emistim S during seedling stage reaches 360 and 470 rubles/m2 and during field stage - 66 and 98 th.rubles/ha respectively. Offered elaboration can be utilized for protecting systems of different agricultural plants where utilizing soil herbicides is recommended. Also quality of cured tobacco grown with stimulators had been improved.

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