scholarly journals Partial exclusion of spawning Cyprinus carpio to improve coastal marsh habitat may come at the cost of increased carp population growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 385 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Amanda Caskenette ◽  
Eva C. Enders ◽  
Doug Watkinson ◽  
Dale Wrubleski
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Coastal Marsh ◽  
Marsh Habitat ◽  
Partial Exclusion ◽  
The Cost

Wave-Powered Desalination

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Stiber ◽  
Asfaw Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Wave Energy Conversion ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
The Cost

Climate change, drought, population growth and increased energy and water costs are all forces driving exploration into alternative, sustainable resources. The abundance of untapped wave energy often presents an opportunity for research into exploiting this resource to meet the energy and water needs of populated coastal regions. This paper investigates the potential and impact of harnessing wave energy for the purpose of seawater desalination. First the SWAN wave modeling software was used to evaluate the size and character of the wave resource. These data are used to estimate the cost of water for wave-powered desalination taking a specific region as a case example. The results indicate that, although the cost of water from this technology is not economically competitive at this time, the large available resource confirms the viability of significantly supplementing current freshwater supplies. The results also confirm that research into the feasibility of wave power as a source of energy and water in the area is warranted, particularly as water and energy become more scarce and expensive coinciding with the maturity of commercial wave energy conversion.

Differentiated Responsibilities On Population Explosion And Its Impact On Environment – A Corridor For The Crossing?

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
P.P. Sajimon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Zero Population Growth ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Population And Environment

Climate change and disasters are fast emerging as the most significant challenges of the 21st century as global risks with impacts far beyond just the environment and implications on national security and development. As the world continues its contemporary patterns of production and consumption, the future is at immense risk. Climate Change has the potential to alter the ability of the earth’s physical and biological systems to provide goods and services essential for sustainable development. Today, a number of mainstream population and environment groups are claiming that population growth is a major cause of climate change and that lesser birth rates are the solution. If we cannot stabilize population, there is not an ecosystem on earth that we can save. If developing countries cannot stabilize their populations almost immediately, many of them face the disintegration of ecosystem. But in reality, even if we could today achieve zero population growth that would barely touch the climate problem — where we need to cut emissions by 50 to 80 percent by mid-century. Given existing income inequalities, it is inescapable that over consumption by the rich few is the key problem, rather than overpopulation of the poor many. In the absence of any commitment in the next two decades, their economies would become locked into a trajectory of elevated emissions and unsustainable development, while the cost of reversing the trend will become prohibitively high. This paper examines several outstanding issues on the interface between population and environment. Significantly, the study would come out with some policy recommendations to the policy makers.

scholarly journals Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pemilihan Metode Kontrasepsi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Rendys Septalia ◽  
Nunik Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Contraceptive Usage ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
The Cost

Contraception was the most effective way to control the population growth. The most widely favored in Indonesia was a short-term contraceptive methods. High attainment acceptor on short-term contraceptive methods because short-term contraceptive methods was a methods contraception affordable, while the fees for the long-term contraceptive methods was more expensive. The incidence of injectable contraceptives and pills drop-out was higher than the long-term contraceptive methods that contributed to the failure of population growth control program. This study to analyze the factors that affect the selection contraceptive methods. This study was an observational study with cross sectional design. Sampling with systematic random and obtained were 79 acceptors. The independent variables were the cost of contraceptive use, non-material costs (experience side effects), cultural obstacle, social adjustments obstacle, physic and mental health obstacle, and accessibility obstacle. Data collected using the questionnaire and analyse by multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the significant factor were the cost of contraceptive usage (pvalue = 0.002), the cost of non-material (experience side eff ects) (pvalue = 0.007), and factors that didn’t have signifi cant influence were cultural obstacle (pvalue = 0.105), social adjustments obstacle (pvalue = 0.999), physic and mental health obstacle (pvalue = 0.920), and accessibility obstacle (pvalue = 0.438). The conclusion were the cost of contraceptive use and non-material costs (experience side eff ects) aff ected the selection of contraception. It was need the cooperation between religious leaders, community leaders, and health care workers in a common understanding on the cost of contraceptive usage.

scholarly journals Ecobrick Sebagai Solusi Dinding Nonstruktural Ramah Lingkungan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Fazrina Andriani Sakinah Lubis ◽  
Erizal
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
T Test ◽  
High Demand ◽  
The Cost

Population growth increased in the need for dwelling which impacted to high demand for bricks. However, bricks have a negative impact on the environment due to the materials and the production prosses. Population growth also effected an increase amount of plastic waste that has a risk to the health and environment. This research aimed to analyze the compressive and flexural strength of brick and ecobrick (PET bottle filled with plastic waste) wall, to know degree of difference in strength between both wall, and to compare the cost of making the wall. This research was started from preparation, manufactured, cured, and tested the specimens. The cost analysis refers to the Bogor district in 2019. The result was obtained compressive strength of brick is higher than ecobrick, which is brick 2,38 MPa and ecobrick 1,31 MPa. Flexural strength of ecobrick is higher than brick, which is ecobrick 1,23 MPa and brick 1,18 MPa. T-test show that compressive strength both wall is significantly different, while the flexural strength both wall is not significantly different. The cost of making ecobrick walls is 20% cheaper than brick walls.

scholarly journals Costs and benefits of Daphnia defense against Chaoborus in nature

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1286-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke J Boeing ◽  
Björn Wissel ◽  
Charles W Ramcharan
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Daphnia Pulex ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cost Of Defense ◽  
Daphnia Population ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
The Cost

To estimate costs and benefits of antipredator defenses in the Chaoborus–Daphnia system, we employed lake enclosures wherein controls (C) had no predators, the predation (P) treatment had freely swimming Chaoborus, and the kairomone (K) treatment predators were sequestered in a mesh tube apart from the Daphnia. Population growth (r) of two Daphnia pulex clones, one responsive (RC) and the other nonresponsive (NRC) to Chaoborus kairomone, was estimated for each predator treatment. Cost of defense was calculated as r(C,RC) – r(K,RC). Benefit was calculated as r(P,RC) – r(P,NRC). Antipredator defenses of Daphnia towards Chaoborus kairomone led to a 32% reduction in population growth in nature. The benefit of the defense, however, was a short-term 68% enhanced population growth by a responsive over a nonresponsive clone in the presence of the actual predation threat. The benefit of the defense exceeded the cost, but cost was nevertheless substantial. Our results verify that the in situ effects of Chaoborus on Daphnia involve direct and indirect impacts.

scholarly journals Cost Productivity of Healthcare Systems in OIC’s Member Countries: an Application of Cost Malmquist Total Productivity Index

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila Asghar ◽  
Hafeez Ur Rehman ◽  
Majid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Strengthening healthcare system increases the productivity of healthcare spending. To evaluate changes in cost productivity over a five year period (2011- 2015) in 55 OIC’s member states. The cost Malmquist productivity index and bootstrap truncated regression are applied to estimate the dynamics of the cost productivity and its determinants in the healthcare system of OIC’s member states. Life expectancy and under 5 child survival rate are used as outputs while doctors, nurses, mid wives and beds per thousand population are used as inputs. Public health expenditure is used as input price for measuring allocative efficiency change. The results of the study indicate that the cost productivity increases by 7.9% and the classical technical productivity grows by 8.9%. The increase in the cost productivity is mainly driven by an increase in allocative efficiency and technological change. All the determinants except population growth rate of cost productivity are found significant. Literacy rate and Per Capita GDP have come up the main driver of cost productivity growth. The study concludes that the impact of population growth on the overall shifts in the health production frontier is not significant.

scholarly journals Early detection of rapid Barred Owl population growth within the range of the California Spotted Owl advises the Precautionary Principle

The Condor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor M Wood ◽  
R J Gutiérrez ◽  
John J Keane ◽  
M Zachariah Peery
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Spotted Owl ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
California Spotted Owl ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Barred Owls

Abstract Biological invasions are most practical to manage when invasive species population densities are low. Despite a potentially narrow window of opportunity for efficient management, managers tend to delay intervention because the cost of prompt action is often high and resources are limited. The Barred Owl (Strix varia) invaded and colonized the entire range of the Northern Spotted Owl (S. occidentalis caurina), but insufficient population data contributed to delays in action until the Barred Owl posed an existential threat to the Spotted Owl. The leading edge of the Barred Owl expansion has since reached the Sierra Nevada, the core range of the California Spotted Owl (S. o. occidentalis). We conducted passive acoustic surveys within 400-ha grid cells across ~6,200 km2 in the northern Sierra Nevada and detected a 2.6-fold increase in Barred Owl site occupancy between 2017 and 2018, from 0.082 (85% confidence interval: 0.045–0.12) to 0.21 (0.14–0.28). The probability of Barred Owl site colonization increased with the amount of older forest, suggesting that Barred Owls are first occupying the preferred habitat of Spotted Owls. GPS-tagged Barred Owls (n = 10) generally displayed seasonal and interannual site fidelity over territories averaging 411 ha (range: 150–513 ha), suggesting that our occupancy estimates were not substantially upwardly biased by “double counting” individuals whose territories spanned multiple grid cells. Given the Barred Owl’s demonstrated threat to the Northern Spotted Owl, we believe our findings advise the Precautionary Principle, which posits that management actions such as invasive species removal should be taken despite uncertainties about, for example, true rates of population growth if the cost of inaction is high. In this case, initiating Barred Owl removals in the Sierra Nevada before the population grows further will likely make such action more cost-effective and more humane than if it is delayed. It could also prevent the extirpation of the California Spotted Owl from its core range.

scholarly journals The impact of future demographic change on overweight and obesity, and the economic cost associated with this phenomenon, in Georgia (USA), 2000–2040

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Nazrul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of future demographic changes on overweight and obesity, and the cost associated with overweight and obesity in Georgia, a rapidly growing and diversifying U.S. state. The number of overweight and obese adults is projected to increase from 3.7 million in 2000 to 10.2 million in 2040, an increase of 178.6 per cent. The annual costs associated with overweight and obesity is projected to increase from $6.8 billion to $21.1 billion, an increase of 209.8 per cent. The changes in overweight and obesity are predominantly driven by population growth, aging, and diversification of population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document