scholarly journals The impact of future demographic change on overweight and obesity, and the economic cost associated with this phenomenon, in Georgia (USA), 2000–2040

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Nazrul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of future demographic changes on overweight and obesity, and the cost associated with overweight and obesity in Georgia, a rapidly growing and diversifying U.S. state. The number of overweight and obese adults is projected to increase from 3.7 million in 2000 to 10.2 million in 2040, an increase of 178.6 per cent. The annual costs associated with overweight and obesity is projected to increase from $6.8 billion to $21.1 billion, an increase of 209.8 per cent. The changes in overweight and obesity are predominantly driven by population growth, aging, and diversification of population.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SPATIAL PLANNING FOR THE COST AND VALUE OPTIMIZATION IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT AGAINST NATURAL HAZARDS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.C.D. Jayalath ◽  
◽  
P.A.P.V.D.S. Disaratna ◽  
K.T. Withanage ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Public Money ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Spatial planning is managing the environmental, social and economic dimensions of development. Today the built environment suffers from a lot of natural hazards, resulted due to poor concentration over the environmental, social and economic aspects. Magnitudes and frequencies of these natural hazards has shifted from bad to worst in the recent past. Therefore, economic cost of these hazards has increased, and governments has been compelled to spend large amounts of public money to overcome these impacts on the built environment. Thus, in Sri Lankan context, these circumstances warrant the need to have a sustainable and realistic approach for the spatial planning in the built environment. Hence, the aim of this research was to enhance the cost and value efficiency in built environment against natural hazards through proper spatial planning in Sri Lankan context. Research was conducted mainly based on a questionnaire survey following the mixed research approach. Study identified the impact of poor spatial planning in the built environment in Sri Lankan context and study imparted set of guidelines to ensure effective spatial planning in the built environment in order to minimize the impact of adverse natural hazards. Finally, study concluded that, in order to establish a paradigm shift emphasizing the importance of effective spatial planning in the built environment, it is essential to have a clear understanding on natural process and other socio-economic concerns of the country.

scholarly journals The Effect of Demographic Change on Financial Stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Asma' Rashidah Idris ◽  
Muzafar Shah Habibullah ◽  
Ranjanee Kaliappan
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the effect of fertility on financial stability and its determinant particularly therelevance of demographic changes. This is motivated by the huge impact of demographic changes(increasing ageing population and low fertility level). Population ageing and low fertility tend to lowerboth labour- force participation and saving rates (change bank business model), thereby raising concernson a future slowing economic growth and financial instability. The system GMM results show that thefertility level somehow acts as a buffer and reflects to the degree of stability to the financial system. Anincrease in fertility and old-age population will contribute to lowering the financial stability. As a matterof policy implication, the nations, financial sectors, and economies should take pro-active active stepsand enhance policies in handling the inter-related issue of the ageing population, decreasing fertility, andfinancial stability especially in developed countries, but not necessarily to overlook the impact of theissues in developing countries. Keywords: Demographic change, old-age population, fertility, financial stability

A Recurring Question — How Many Beds for Dementia?

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Christie ◽  
E.M. Whitfield ◽  
E.R.M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Constant Proportion

Experience at Crichton Royal in dealing with dementia over a thirty year period has been used to develop two models of bed requirements for dementia sufferers. The first based on results from the periods 1957 to 1959 and 1974 to 1976 and the second on experience in the years 1974–75 and 1984–85. The variables considered were demographic change, admission of a constant proportion of the at risk group and changes in individual patient survival between groups of patients admitted. Projections based on the earlier model suggested that the SHAPE provision of 10 beds per 1000 of the over 64 population would be insufficient to maintain established standards of care. The later model, however, finds SHAPE numbers appropriate. The reasons for the change of view — Inaccuracy in estimate of increasing male survival and significant under-estimates of population growth — Nullify each other. The conclusion is that SHAPE is a useful model provided the demographic changes and patient survival change are carefully monitored.

scholarly journals Cost Productivity of Healthcare Systems in OIC’s Member Countries: an Application of Cost Malmquist Total Productivity Index

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila Asghar ◽  
Hafeez Ur Rehman ◽  
Majid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Strengthening healthcare system increases the productivity of healthcare spending. To evaluate changes in cost productivity over a five year period (2011- 2015) in 55 OIC’s member states. The cost Malmquist productivity index and bootstrap truncated regression are applied to estimate the dynamics of the cost productivity and its determinants in the healthcare system of OIC’s member states. Life expectancy and under 5 child survival rate are used as outputs while doctors, nurses, mid wives and beds per thousand population are used as inputs. Public health expenditure is used as input price for measuring allocative efficiency change. The results of the study indicate that the cost productivity increases by 7.9% and the classical technical productivity grows by 8.9%. The increase in the cost productivity is mainly driven by an increase in allocative efficiency and technological change. All the determinants except population growth rate of cost productivity are found significant. Literacy rate and Per Capita GDP have come up the main driver of cost productivity growth. The study concludes that the impact of population growth on the overall shifts in the health production frontier is not significant.

Impovement Of Cost Formation Methods At Industrial Enterprises Taking Into Account Supply Chains

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Cherep ◽  
Alexander Cherep ◽  
Vitalina Babenko ◽  
Svitlana Dubynina ◽  
Elena Lyshchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lean Production ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Cost Price ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The essence of the concept of the "cost price" and the terms "economic cost elements", "lean production" are disclosed and described in this work. The author proposes the concept of "effective cost formation" into account the link of their formation.In the present article the author reveals the necessity of calculating the cost price on the enterprises. The need for revealing the essence and understanding of the economic component elements of the cost price at the industrial enterprises are determined here. The indicators of efficiency of economic elements of the cost price at the industrial enterprises are also highlighted in the present work. It is established that the effective formation of the cost price allows to increase the profit of the enterprise, which in in its turn increases the working capital of the enterprise, which enables the enterprise to buy raw materials and increase production volumes what results in costs reduction labor productivity increase. The article offers a methodological approach, using an integral and factor indicators that take into account the impact of "lean production" implementation, which accounts for every hryvnia of sales. The factor model allows to calculate possible reserves to reduce the cost price of the enterprise with effective management optimization of the formation, as well as through the introduction of "lean production".

scholarly journals The Impact of a Suicide Prevention Strategy on Reducing the Economic Cost of Suicide in the New South Wales Construction Industry

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Doran ◽  
Rod Ling ◽  
Jorgen Gullestrup ◽  
Sarah Swannell ◽  
Allison Milner
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Little research has been conducted into the cost and prevention of self-harm in the workplace. Aims: To quantify the economic cost of self-harm and suicide among New South Wales (NSW) construction industry (CI) workers and to examine the potential economic impact of implementing Mates in Construction (MIC). Method: Direct and indirect costs were estimated. Effectiveness was measured using the relative risk ratio (RRR). In Queensland (QLD), relative suicide risks were estimated for 5-year periods before and after the commencement of MIC. For NSW, the difference between the expected (i.e., using NSW pre-MIC [2008–2012] suicide risk) and counterfactual suicide cases (i.e., applying QLD RRR) provided an estimate of potential suicide cases averted in the post-MIC period (2013–2017). Results were adjusted using the average uptake (i.e., 9.4%) of MIC activities in QLD. Economic savings from averted cases were compared with the cost of implementing MIC. Results: The cost of self-harm and suicide in the NSW CI was AU $527 million in 2010. MIC could potentially avert 0.4 suicides, 1.01 full incapacity cases, and 4.92 short absences, generating annual savings of AU $3.66 million. For every AU $1 invested, the economic return is approximately AU $4.6. Conclusion: MIC represents a positive economic investment in workplace safety.

Demographic Change, Latino Countermobilization, and the Politics of Immigration in US Senate Campaigns

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Reny
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Change ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
Us Senate ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Impact

Demographic changes from decades of mass immigration and shifts in internal migration patterns are upending the traditional racial composition of many states throughout the United States, transforming the American electorate, and increasing both the political salience of immigration and the racial salience of Latinos. Politicizing these visible demographic shifts has become an increasingly common strategy by both Democrats and Republicans with potentially significant electoral effects. While many have examined the impact of these demographic changes on dominant receiving populations’ attitudes, few have examined how changing demographics are shaping immigration politics in electoral campaigns. Specifically, under what conditions do political candidates politicize demographic change? I hypothesize that both political and demographic considerations drive variation in immigration appeals. I test my hypotheses using a novel dataset of candidate campaign websites from 2010, 2012, and 2014 US Senate primary and general elections. I argue that racial party cleavages increase the electoral temptation of immigration appeals but it is the interaction between state-level Latino population growth, electoral competition, and Latino voters that determines campaign strategy more broadly and moderates the use of pro- and anti-immigrant appeals.

Leaders and Leadership in an Expanding New Territories Town

1977 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
Graham E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The social structure of Hong Kong is dominated by three elements – economic change, population growth (specifically in-migration) and colonialism. The three are closely interrelated. The extent of economic change and the effects of enormous population growth have been dramatic. The impact of colonial policy is less obvious but nonetheless crucial for it has provided the framework within which economic and demographic changes have made their effect. Colonial policy in Hong Kong can have a dual impact, for administratively Hong Kong has two distinct parts – the leased New Territories and the ceded parts of Hong Kong island and part of Kowloon.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

TRANSFER FİYATLAMA UYGULAMASININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ VE VERGİSEL AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Serdar KUZU
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The size of international trade continues to extend rapidly from day to day as a result of the globalization process. This situation causes an increase in the economic activities of businesses in the trading area. One of the main objectives of the cost system applied in businesses is to be able to monitor the competitors and the changes that can be occured as a result of the developments in the sector. Thus, making cost accounting that is proper according to IAS / IFRS and tax legislation has become one of the strategic targets of the companies in most countries. In this respect, businesses should form their cost and pricing systems according to new regulations. Transfer pricing practice is usefull in setting the most proper price for goods that are subject to the transaction, in evaluating the performance of the responsibility centers of business, and in determining if the inter-departmental pricing system is consistent with targets of the business. The taxing powers of different countries and also the taxing powers of different institutions in a country did not overlap. Because of this reason, bringing new regulations to the tax system has become essential. The transfer pricing practice that has been incorporated into the Turkish Tax System is one of the these regulations. The transfer pricing practice which includes national and international transactions has been included in the Corporate Tax Law and Income Tax Law. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of goods and services transfer that will occur between departments of businesses on the responsibility center and business performance, and also the impact of transfer pricing practice on the business performance on the basis of tax-related matters. As a result of the study, it can be said that transfer pricing practice has an impact on business performance in terms of both price and tax-related matters.

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