Maize grain yield enhancement through high plant density cultivation with different inter-row and intra-row spacings

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Testa ◽  
Amedeo Reyneri ◽  
Massimo Blandino
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Maize Grain

scholarly journals Effects of Gibberellin (GA4+7) in Grain Filling, Hormonal Behavior, and Antioxidants in High-Density Maize (Zea mays L.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Wenwen Cui ◽  
Quanhao Song ◽  
Bingyun Zuo ◽  
Qingfang Han ◽  
Zhikuan Jia
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Regulatory Effects

Dense plant cultivation is an efficient approach to improve maize production by maximizing the utilization of energy and nutrients. However, dense plant populations may aggravate the abortion rate of young grains, resulting in fewer kernels per ear. The rate and duration of grain-filling play decisive roles in maize grain yield. Therefore, to increase plant density, enhancing the grain-filling rate, extending the growth period of individual maize plants and regulating crop senescence would be the first priority. In this study, we examined the regulatory effects of GA4+7 under two application methods: shanks and silks were moistened by cotton full with GA4+7 solution at concentrations of 0, 10, 60, and 120 mg L−1. The results showed that GA4+7 improved the grain-filling rate by increasing the content of auxin, gibberellin, zeatin, and abscisic acid in grains compared to control plants. In addition, the auxin, gibberellin, and zeatin contents in the grains were positively and significantly correlated with the maximum grain weight and the maximum and mean grain-filling rates. Moreover, GA4+7 increased the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalases, and peroxidases and reduced the malondialdehyde content in leaves compared with untreated plants. At the concentration of 60 mg L−1, GA4+7 showed the greatest effect on shank and silk applications (Sh-60 and Si-60) followed by 10 mg L−1 (Sh-10) for shank treatment and 120 mg L−1 (Si-120) for silk treatment. Our results suggest that a concentration of 60 mg L−1 GA4+7 for shank and silk application may be efficiently used for changing the level of hormones in grains and antioxidant enzymes in ear leaves, which may be useful for enhancing grain-filling rate and delaying leaf senescence, resulting in an increase in maize grain yield.

scholarly journals Row Spacing, Landscape Position, and Maize Grain Yield

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Ángel Maddonni ◽  
Joaquín Martínez-Bercovich
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Light Capture

The use of narrow row spacing for the different landscape positions of a field could punish maize (Zea maysL.) grain yield. Two experiments were conducted (2006/07 and 2007/08) at different landscape positions in the Inland Pampas of Argentina. Hybrid DK190MG was grown at the commonest plant density used at each landscape position (approximately 5.1 plants/m2at the summit, 6.5 plants/m2at shoulder-slope position, and 7.6 plants/m2at foot-slope position) with three row spacings (0.38 m, 0.52 m, and 0.38 m in a2×1skip-row pattern). At the silking stage of maize crops, soil water content (0–200 cm depth) and maximum light capture differed (0.05<P<0.001) among landscape positions but were similar among row spacings. Differences in grain yield among landscape positions (mean 806, 893, and 1104 g/m2at the summit, shoulder-slope position, and foot-slope position, resp.) were related to kernel number/m2(r=0.94), which was closely related (r=0.90) to light capture around silking. Grain yield reductions (6 to 20%) were recorded when crops were cultivated in rows 0.38 m apart. The skip-row pattern did not improve grain yield. Maize grain yield was optimized in rows 0.52 m apart along the sandy landscape positions of the fields.

scholarly journals Crop management systems and maize grain yield under narrow row spacing

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mércio Luiz Strieder ◽  
Paulo Regis Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Lisandro Rambo ◽  
Luís Sangoi ◽  
Adriano Alves da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management System ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Crop Management Systems ◽  
Narrow Row

Reduction in row spacing provides a more uniform distribution among plants that can increase grain yield. The benefits of narrow row spacing can depend on the plant architecture and on the kind of crop management system. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of narrow row spacing on the grain yield of maize hybrids growing under different management systems. Six experiments were carried out in Eldorado do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during the 2003/04 and 2004/05 growing seasons. Each experiment corresponded to a crop management system. Treatments consisted of two row spacings (0.8 and 0.4 m), two hybrids (Penta and Flash) and two plant densities, which varied with the crop management system and growing season. Besides plant density, the crop management systems differed in the quantities of fertilizers applied at sowing, side-dress and use of irrigation. A complete randomized block design was used in each experiment, in a 2 × 2 × 2 treatment factorial scheme with four replications. The increases in grain yield with narrow row spacing were small, ranging from zero to 14%. They depended on the growing season and were manifested only with yields higher than 10 t ha-1, regardless of the hybrid. The number of grains per area was the component that best explained the response of grain to narrow row spacing, regardless of plant density, hybrid and crop management system. Narrow row spacing is a worth management strategy to enhance maize grain yield when high input cropping systems are used.

scholarly journals Assessment of gibberellin (GA4+7) mediated changes on grain filling, hormonal behaviour and antioxidants in high-density maize (Zea Mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Cui ◽  
Bingyun Zuo ◽  
Quanhao Song ◽  
Muhammad Kamran ◽  
Shahzad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Maize Grain

AbstractDense plant cultivation is an efficient approach to improve the maize production by maximizing the utilization of energy and nutrient. However, dense plant populations may aggravate the abortion rate of young grains and result in fewer number of kernels per ear. Grain filling rate and duration play a decisive role in maize grain yield. Therefore, increasing plant density, consideration of enhancing the grain filling rate and duration of individual maize plant and regulating crop senescence would be the first priority. In this study, we examined the regulatory effects of GA4+7 under two application methods (shank-smearing and silk-smearing). Shank-soaking with GA4+7 at the rate of 0 (CK1), 10 (T1), 60 (T2), and 120 (T3) mg L-1, while silk-smearing at the rate of 0 (CK2), 10 (S1), 60 (S2), and 120 (S3) mg L-1 were used. The results showed that GA4+7 improved the grain filling rate by increasing the content of auxin, gibberellin and zeatin and abscisic acid in grains compared to control plants. In addition, The auxin, gibberellin and zeatin contents in the grains were positively and significantly correlated with the maximum grain weight and the maximum and mean grain-filling rates; the abscisic acid level was positively correlated with the maximum grain weight and the maximum and mean grain-filling rates. Moreover, GA4+7 increased the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalases, peroxidases, and reduced the malondialdehyde content in leaves compared with untreated plants. At the rate of 60 mg L-1, GA4+7 showed the greatest effect for shank-smearing and silk-smearing (T2 and S2), followed by 10 mg L-1 (T1) for shank-smearing and 120 mg L-1 (S3) for silk-smearing. Our results suggest that application of 60 mg L-1 GA4+7 for smearing application could efficiently be used for changed the level of hormones in grains and antioxidant enzymes in ear leaf, would be useful for enhancing grain filling rate and delaying leaves senescence, and resulting in an increasing of maize grain yield.

Analysis of the moisture content of maize kernels in over-ripe plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-430
Author(s):  
T. Árendás ◽  
L. C. Marton ◽  
P. Bónis ◽  
Z. Berzsenyi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Maize Kernels

The effect of varying weather conditions on the moisture content of the maize grain yield was investigated in Martonvásár, Hungary from late August to late September, and from the 3rd third of September to the 1st third of Novemberbetween 1999 and 2002. In every year a close positive correlation (P=0.1%) could be observed between the moisture content in late September and the rate of drying down in October. Linear regression was used each year to determine the equilibrium moisture content, to which the moisture content of kernels returned if they contained less than this quantity of water in late September and harvesting was delayed. In the experimental years this value ranged from 15.24-19.01%.

Superimposition Effect of Film-mulching and Furrow Ridging Culture on Maize Grain Yield and WUE in Loess Plateau

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Jun-Hong XIE ◽  
Ling-Ling LI ◽  
Ren-Zhi ZHANG ◽  
Qiang CHAI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Film Mulching ◽  
Maize Grain

Effect of In-Season Nitrogen Management Strategy on Maize Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Liang YE ◽  
Yu-Fang HUANG ◽  
Chun-Sheng LIU ◽  
Ri-Tao QU ◽  
Hai-Yan SONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Grain

Relation of Rubisco to Maize Grain Yield Improvement: Effect of Water Restriction

Crop Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 718-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Martínez‐Barajas ◽  
C. Villanueva‐Verduzco ◽  
J. Molina‐Galán ◽  
H. Loza‐Tavera ◽  
E. Sánchez‐de‐Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Improvement Effect ◽  
Maize Grain

scholarly journals Improvement of Maize Productivity and N Use Efficiency in a No-Tillage Irrigated Farming System: Effect of Cropping Sequence and Fertilization Management

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1459
Author(s):  
Heba S. A. Salama ◽  
Ali I. Nawar ◽  
Hassan E. Khalil ◽  
Ahmed M. Shaalan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Farming System ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Egyptian Clover ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
N Use

The sequence of the preceding crops in a no-tillage farming system, could interact with the integrated use of mineral and organic nitrogen (N) sources in a way that improves the growth and productivity of the terminal maize crop, meanwhile, enhancing its N use efficiency (NUE). In the current study, six legume-cereal crop sequences, including faba bean, soybean, Egyptian clover, wheat, and maize were evaluated along two experimental rotations that ended up by planting the terminal maize crop. In addition, the effects of applying variable mineral nitrogen (MN) rates with and without the incorporation of farmyard manure (FYM) on the productive performance of maize and its NUE were tested. The field experiments were conducted in a no-tillage irrigated farming system in Northern Egypt, a location that is characterized by its arid, Mediterranean climate. Results revealed that increasing the legume component in the evaluated crop sequences, up to 75%, resulted in improved maize ear leaf area, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index, thus, a higher final grain yield, with the inclusion of Egyptian clover was slightly better than faba bean. Comparing the crop sequences with 50% legume contribution uncovered the positive effects of soybean preceding crop on the terminal maize crop. Substituting 25% of the applied MN with FYM resulted in similar maize yields to the application of the equivalent 100% MN rates. The fertilizer treatments significantly interacted with the crop sequences in determining the maize grain yield, where the highest legume crop contribution in the crop sequence (75%) equalized the effects of the different fertilizer treatments on maize grain yield. The integrated use of FYM with MN in maize fertilization improved the NUE compared to the application of MN alone. Comparing fertilization treatments with similar MN content, with and without FYM, revealed that the difference in NUE was attributed to the additional amount of FYM. In similar conditions to the current study, it is recommended to grow faba bean two years before maize, while Egyptian clover could be grown directly preceding maize growth, with frequent inclusion of soybean in the sequence, this could be combined with the application of an average of 200 kg MN ha−1 in addition to FYM.

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