3582 Background: Secreted and transmembrane proteins play key roles in malignant transformation and growth, including in autocrine growth factor expression, receptor oncogene signaling, and immune system evasion. Biogenesis of these proteins involves translocation of the nascent polypeptides into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the Sec61 channel, providing an untapped therapeutic target for a broad spectrum of malignancies. Here we describe preclinical activity of KZR-261 and related inhibitors of Sec61-dependent protein secretion. Methods: Sec61 inhibition with KZR-261 and related analog KZR-834 were evaluated using cell lines overexpressing proteins of interest tagged with luciferase. In vitro anti-tumor activity was assessed against a panel of 346 cell lines across 25 tumor types. Quantitative proteomic profiling by mass spec and gene expression profiling by RNAseq were conducted following treatment in multiple solid and heme tumor cell lines. Anti-tumor efficacy was evaluated in athymic nude mice implanted with the cancer cell lines H82 (SCLC), HT29 (CRC), BxPC3 (Pancreatic), 22RV1 (Prostate), H929 (Myeloma) and RL (NHL). Activity was also evaluated in a MC38 syngeneic colon tumor model. Results: KZR-261 and KZR-834 exhibited nanomolar potency against many therapeutic targets, including immune checkpoints, VEGF-A, VEGFR and EGFR. Broad in vitro anti-cancer activity was observed with KZR-834, which potently decreased cell viability across both solid and heme tumor types including CRC, Pancreatic, HNSCC, HCC, Lymphoma and Myeloma. Global proteomic analysis observed more than 1.5 fold downregulation of < 10% of detected Sec61 client proteins following treatment, while gene expression profiling revealed upregulation of ER stress response genes in sensitive versus resistant cell lines. Analysis of the TCGA database also found these genes upregulated in a number of different tumor types. In vivo, weekly IV administration was well tolerated and induced a dose dependent anti-tumor response at doses below the MTD in solid and heme xenograft models. In the syngeneic MC38 model, administration of KZR-834 in combination with anti-PD1 antibody resulted in greater anti-tumor activity than either single agent. Conclusions: Novel Sec61 inhibitors potently block expression of secreted and membrane proteins, translating into anti-tumor activity against many tumor types in vitro and in vivo, suggesting broad therapeutic potential. Clinical trials are being planned with KZR-261 to understand safety and early efficacy of this novel compound and therapeutic target.
Gene expression profiling of esophageal cancer: Comparative analysis of Barrett's esophagus, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma
