Classification of cerebral palsy and potential role of video recording

The sensory neurons (photoreceptors) in the visual system of Hermissenda are one site of plasticity produced by Pavlovian conditioning. A second site of plasticity produced by conditioning is the type I interneurons in the cerebropleural ganglia. Both photoreceptors and statocyst hair cells of the graviceptive system form monosynaptic connections with identified type I interneurons. Two proposed neurotransmitters in the graviceptive system, serotonin (5-HT) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), have been shown to modify synaptic strength and intrinsic neuronal excitability in identified photoreceptors. However, the potential role of 5-HT and GABA in plasticity of type I interneurons has not been investigated. Here we show that 5-HT increased the peak amplitude of light-evoked complex excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), enhanced intrinsic excitability, and increased spike activity of identified type Ie(A) interneurons. In contrast, 5-HT decreased spike activity and intrinsic excitability of type Ie(B) interneurons. The classification of two categories of type Ie interneurons was also supported by the observation that 5-HT produced opposite effects on whole cell steady-state outward currents in type Ie interneurons. Serotonin produced a reduction in the amplitude of light-evoked complex inhibitory PSPs (IPSPs), increased spontaneous spike activity, decreased intrinsic excitability, and depolarized the resting membrane potential of identified type Ii interneurons. In contrast to the effects of 5-HT, GABA produced inhibition in both types of Ie interneurons and type Ii interneurons. These results show that 5-HT and GABA can modulate the intrinsic excitability of type I interneurons independent of the presynaptic effects of the same transmitters on excitability and synaptic efficacy of photoreceptors.

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DTI Tract‐Based Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: An Initial Feasibility Study to Investigate the Potential Role of Myelination in Brain Connectivity Change in Cerebral Palsy Patients During Autologous Cord Blood Cell Therapy Using a Rotationally‐Invariant Quantitative Measure

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

10.1002/jmri.27286 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 251-258

Author(s):

Lijia Zhang ◽

Susan Ellor ◽

Jessica M. Sun ◽

Chunlei Liu ◽

Joanne Kurtzburg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Potential Role ◽

Brain Connectivity ◽

Quantitative Measure ◽

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping ◽

Cord Blood Cell ◽

Rotationally Invariant

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Molecular Evidence of a Broad Range of Pathogenic Bacteria in Ctenocephalides spp.: Should We Re-Examine the Role of Fleas in the Transmission of Pathogens?

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.3390/tropicalmed6010037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Georgios Dougas ◽

Athanassios Tsakris ◽

Stavroula Beleri ◽

Eleni Patsoula ◽

Maria Linou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Potential Role ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Dna Evidence ◽

Streptococcus Species ◽

Classification Of Diseases ◽

International Statistical Classification

The internal microbiome of common cat and dog fleas was studied for DNA evidence of pathogenic bacteria. Fleas were grouped in pools by parasitized animal. DNA was extracted and investigated with 16S metagenomics for medically relevant (MR) bacteria, based on the definitions of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (WHO). The MR bacterial species totaled 40, were found in 60% of flea-pools (N = 100), and included Acinetobacterbaumannii, Bacteroidesfragilis, Clostridiumperfringens, Enterococcusfaecalis, E. mundtii, Fusobacteriumnucleatum, Haemophilusaegyptius, Kingellakingae, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Leptotrichiabuccalis, L. hofstadii, Moraxellalacunata, Pasteurellamultocida, Propionibacteriumacnes, P. propionicum, Proteusmirabilis, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Rickettsiaaustralis, R. hoogstraalii, Salmonellaenterica, and various Bartonella, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus species. B. henselae (p = 0.004) and B. clarridgeiae (p = 0.006) occurred more frequently in fleas from cats, whereas Rickettsiahoogstraalii (p = 0.031) and Propionibacteriumacnes (p = 0.029) had a preference in fleas from stray animals. Most of the discovered MR species can form biofilm, and human exposure may theoretically occur through the flea-host interface. The fitness of these pathogenic bacteria to cause infection and the potential role of fleas in the transmission of a broad range of diseases should be further investigated.

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The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Therapeutic Targeting of Cardiomyopathies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22168721 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (16) ◽

pp. 8721

Author(s):

Christina Pagiatakis ◽

Vittoria Di Mauro

Keyword(s):

Genetic Factors ◽

Potential Role ◽

Ventricular Cardiomyopathy ◽

Myocardial Diseases ◽

Substantial Progress ◽

Functional Consequences ◽

Cardiac Disorders ◽

Original Classification

Cardiomyopathies (CMPs) are a heterogeneous group of myocardial diseases accountable for the majority of cases of heart failure (HF) and/or sudden cardiac death (SCD) worldwide. With the recent advances in genomics, the original classification of CMPs on the basis of morphological and functional criteria (dilated (DCM), hypertrophic (HCM), restrictive (RCM), and arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy (AVC)) was further refined into genetic (inherited or familial) and acquired (non-inherited or secondary) forms. Despite substantial progress in the identification of novel CMP-associated genetic variations, as well as improved clinical recognition diagnoses, the functional consequences of these mutations and the exact details of the signaling pathways leading to hypertrophy, dilation, and/or contractile impairment remain elusive. To date, global research has mainly focused on the genetic factors underlying CMP pathogenesis. However, growing evidence shows that alterations in molecular mediators associated with the diagnosis of CMPs are not always correlated with genetic mutations, suggesting that additional mechanisms, such as epigenetics, may play a role in the onset or progression of CMPs. This review summarizes published findings of inherited CMPs with a specific focus on the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating these cardiac disorders.

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GAIT ANALYSIS THROUGH FOOT PATTERN RECOGNITION FOR CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

Journal of Musculoskeletal Research ◽

10.1142/s0218957799000099 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 03 (01) ◽

pp. 71-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alice M. K. Wong ◽

Chia-Ling Chen ◽

Wei-Hsien Hong ◽

Wen-Ko Chiou ◽

Hsieh-Ching Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pattern Recognition ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Gait Analysis ◽

Gait Patterns ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Automated Pattern Recognition ◽

Age Range ◽

Cyclic Characteristic

In this study, we simplified the analysis of kinetic gait data using pattern recognition. Gait patterns were studied in 42 spastic children with cerebral palsy (age range: 3 to 17 years old), and 24 age- and sex-matched children. Gait analysis was performed using the DynoGraphy (CDG) system (Infortronic, Holland). The foot enrollment and the role of the heel or forefoot were assessed to form the gaitline. The bipedal phase was examined using a cyclogram, which is a cyclic characteristic formed by the changing position of the application point of the resultant normal force on a vertical supporting horizontal plane during motion. Based on the pattern recognition, the gait patterns of the subjects could be classified into 4 different patterns in both the gaitline and the cyclogram. The classification of the gait was parallel to the clinical evaluation of cerebral palsy obtained based on Minear's classification of daily activity (p<0.05). The correlation between the gaitline and cyclogram was also highly significant (p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that an automated pattern recognition program might provide an additional method for comprehensive gait evaluation in children with cerebral palsy.

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POPDC proteins and cardiac function

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20190249 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 1393-1404 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Thomas Brand

Keyword(s):

Potential Role ◽

Striated Muscle ◽

Short Review ◽

Effector Proteins ◽

Muscle Disease ◽

Disease Genes ◽

Protein Protein Interaction ◽

Interaction Partners ◽

And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

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