Hydrothermal synthesis in presence of carbon black: Particle-size reduction of iron hydroxyl phosphate hydrate for Li-ion battery

2017 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Karegeya ◽  
Abdelfattah Mahmoud ◽  
Rudi Cloots ◽  
Bénédicte Vertruyen ◽  
Frédéric Boschini
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Carbon Black Particle ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Black Particle ◽  
Li Ion

Research of Thermal Conductivity and Tensile Strength of Carbon Black-Filled Nature Rubber

2009 ◽  
Vol 87-88 ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan He ◽  
Zhong Yin ◽  
Lian Xiang Ma ◽  
Jun Ping Song
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Carbon Black Particle ◽  
Black Particle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Thermal Conductivities

Through measuring the thermal conductivities and tensile strength of nature rubbers filled with carbon black and comparing with each other, it is shown that the difference of carbon black particle size and the structure affects on the thermal conductivity and tensile strength of nature rubber. Thermal conductivities of carbon black-filled nature rubber are enhanced with the increase of volume fraction of filler; tensile strength of composite increases first and then decreases with the increase of carbon black volume fraction.

INFLUENCE OF STRAIN AMPLIFICATION NEAR CRACK TIP ON THE FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF CARBON BLACK–FILLED SBR

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Bin Dong ◽  
Li-Qun Zhang ◽  
Qiang Zheng ◽  
You-Ping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Carbon Black Particle ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
J Integral ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Black Particle ◽  
Fea Simulation ◽  
Tearing Energy

ABSTRACT Singularity of strain field at the crack tip of elastomeric material has recently attracted considerable attention. For SBR filled with four different types of carbon black, the strain distribution at the crack tip of the single-edge notched tension specimens are investigated using digital image correlation (DIC) and finite element analysis (FEA). Both DIC and FEA results demonstrate that the larger the carbon black particle size, the less strain amplification at the crack tip of SBR. However, the strain amplification region obtained from FEA simulation is much smaller than the strain amplification observed from DIC, and the reasons are discussed. Critical J-integral (JIC) and tearing modulus (TR) are calculated via J-integral method and are connected to crack initiation and propagation resistance of the SBR, respectively. With increasing carbon black particle size, both JIC and TR decrease. Similar trends also occur for tearing energy deduced from the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. These results are in agreement with the prediction based on strain amplification at the crack tip.

Determination of Carbon Black Particle Size by Reflectance

1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1319-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merton L. Studebaker ◽  
Lester G. Nabors
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Carbon Black Particle ◽  
Carbon Black Surface ◽  
Reflectance Meter ◽  
Black Surface ◽  
Black Particle

Abstract A simple technique of sample preparation using dry carbon black samples has been developed which gives a carbon black surface of reasonably reproducible reflectance, using a commercially available and reasonably priced reflectance meter. The reflectance values were calibrated against particle size determined by Kraus and Rollmann using the calorimetric procedure of Harkins and Jura.

Effect of Carbon Black Particle Size Distribution on Electrical Conductivity

1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sircar ◽  
T. G. Lamond
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Carbon Black Particle ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Black Particle ◽  
Gap Width

Abstract Wide particle size distribution (PSD) of carbon black increases electrical conductivity, consistent with the industrial practice of manufacturing conductive grades. An explanation has been offered based on the lower linear average diameter of wider-distribution blacks. Consequently, for the same weight, there is a larger number of particles in the broad-PSD black. The resulting agglomerates are therefore more numerous, although somewhat reduced in dimension because of higher packing density. The larger number of agglomerates results in lower average gap width, which accounts for the increased electrical conductivity.

The Carbon Black Sonofication Effects on Vulcanisate Properties of Natural Rubber

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendra Anggaravidya ◽  
Sudirman Sudirman ◽  
Bambang Soegijono ◽  
Emil Budianto ◽  
Martin Djamin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Carbon Black Particle ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Black Particle ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

The mechanical properties of natural rubber can be enhanced by the addition of carbon black. The mechanical properties change is highly affected by particle size and carbon black structure used. A modification of N660 carbon black was conducted in the research by sonoficating the carbon black for 3 and 5 hours (N600-M3; M5). The results of adding modified carbon black were characterised by Particle Size Analysis (PSA), Scanning Electron Microscopes - Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The addition of modified carbon black shows bound rubber, thermal properties, and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break and modulus 300% on the vulcanisate produced were increased from the vulcanisate that had been filled with N660 natural (N660-N). Keywords: natural rubber, carbon black, particle size, sonofication, characterisation

Carbon Black Particle Size

1953 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 912-918
Author(s):  
C. H. Leigh-Dugmore
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Black Particle ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Black Particle ◽  
Mean Particle Diameter

Abstract Carbon black particle diameters tend to be distributed log-normally. This discovery has led, first, to simplified methods for the calculation of mean diameter and specific surface from electron microscope measurements; second, to a demonstration that the observed differences between estimates of surface area from electron-microscope measurements and from low-temperature nitrogen adsorption measurements cannot be entirely explained by supposing the finest particles not to be resolved by the electron microscope, thus adding further support to the porosity explanation; and third, to the argument that any two size characteristics, such as mean particle diameter and specific surface, are entirely sufficient to describe particle size and its distribution and, consequently, their influence on vulcanizate properties.

INFLUENCE OF FILLERS ON SEMI-EFFICIENT VULCANIZED NATURAL RUBBER: DYNAMIC PROPERTIES AND HEAT BUILDUP

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Zhiyi Zhang ◽  
Guizhe Zhao ◽  
Yaqing Liu ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Carbon Black Particle ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Black Particle ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Heat Buildup

ABSTRACT Carbon black and silica have long been recognized as reinforcing fillers, but their effect on the dynamic properties and heat buildup of vulcanizates is rarely reported. Therefore, natural rubber composites filled by carbon black with different particle size and silica were prepared. The Payne effect and heat buildup progressively decrease with an increase of carbon black particle size because of weaker filler network structure and better dispersion, the N754 filled sample in particular shows the lowest value, only 4.7 °C. The tensile strength and tear strength of composites all increase with the reducing carbon black particle size. SiO2-filled composites exhibit obvious Payne effects and inferior mechanical properties; at high strains (>10%), tan δ of SiO2-filled composites surpasses all that of carbon black–filled composites, due to the surface silanol groups on the silica surface and due to the decreased cross-link density.

The Examination of Diffusing Materials on Rubber Surfaces by Photoacoustic Infrared Spectroscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Paputa Peck ◽  
M. A. Samus ◽  
P. C. Killgoar ◽  
R. O. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Carbon Black Particle ◽  
Zinc Stearate ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Photoacoustic Detection ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Black Particle

Abstract Minor amounts of diffusing materials can be beneficial or detrimental to the performance of elastomeric components. Methods to study these materials have been nonexistent or extremely time-consuming and insensitive for routine use. This report shows that photoacoustic detection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (PAS-FTIR) is a simple method for in situ characterization of diffusing materials in elastomers. In this study, PAS-FTIR was used to monitor the appearance and diffusion of two vulcanization by-products to the surface of a carbon-black-filled natural rubber matrix. The compounds were identified from the PAS-FTIR spectra as a salt of stearic acid (most likely zinc stearate) and dimorpholinyl thione. Three rubber formulations, differing only in the particle size and surface activity of the carbon blacks used, were monitored by PAS-FTIR for a 135-day period to investigate the effect of carbon black on the diffusion of the compounds cited above. Diffusion of the dimorpholinyl thione was not affected by the carbon-black properties presented in this study. Larger carbon-black particle size delayed the appearance of zinc stearate on the vulcanizate surface.

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