Potential applications of salinity gradient power-heat engines for recovering low-temperature waste heat in cogeneration plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 114135
Author(s):  
P. Catrini ◽  
A. Cipollina ◽  
G. Micale ◽  
A. Piacentino ◽  
A. Tamburini
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Salinity Gradient Power

Salinity gradient heat engines: An innovative concept for waste heat valorization

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Alessandro Tamburini ◽  
Andrea Cipollina ◽  
Giorgio Micale
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
Innovative Concept

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Economic and Environmental Performance of Low-Temperature Heat to Power Conversion using a Reverse Electrodialysis – Multi-Effect Distillation System

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 3206 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
George Kosmadakis ◽  
Francesco Giacalone ◽  
Bartolomé Ortega-Delgado ◽  
Andrea Cipollina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Potassium Acetate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Distillation System

In the examined heat engine, reverse electrodialysis (RED) is used to generate electricity from the salinity difference between two artificial solutions. The salinity gradient is restored through a multi-effect distillation system (MED) powered by low-temperature waste heat at 100 °C. The current work presents the first comprehensive economic and environmental analysis of this advanced concept, when varying the number of MED effects, the system sizing, the salt of the solutions, and other key parameters. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) has been calculated, showing that competitive solutions can be reached only when the system is at least medium to large scale. The lowest LCOE, at about 0.03 €/kWh, is achieved using potassium acetate salt and six MED effects while reheating the solutions. A similar analysis has been conducted when using the system in energy storage mode, where the two regenerated solutions are stored in reservoir tanks and the RED is operating for a few hours per day, supplying valuable peak power, resulting in a LCOE just below 0.10 €/kWh. A life-cycle assessment has been also carried out, showing that the case with the lowest environmental impact is the same as the one with the most attractive economic performance. Results indicate that the material manufacturing has the main impact; primarily the metallic parts of the MED. Overall, this study highlights the development efforts required in terms of both membrane performance and cost reduction, in order to make this technology cost effective in the future.

scholarly journals Local Heating Networks with Waste Heat Utilization: Low or Medium Temperature Supply?

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Kauko ◽  
Daniel Rohde ◽  
Armin Hafner
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Medium Temperature

District heating enables an economical use of energy sources that would otherwise be wasted to cover the heating demands of buildings in urban areas. For efficient utilization of local waste heat and renewable heat sources, low distribution temperatures are of crucial importance. This study evaluates a local heating network being planned for a new building area in Trondheim, Norway, with waste heat available from a nearby ice skating rink. Two alternative supply temperature levels have been evaluated with dynamic simulations: low temperature (40 °C), with direct utilization of waste heat and decentralized domestic hot water (DHW) production using heat pumps; and medium temperature (70 °C), applying a centralized heat pump to lift the temperature of the waste heat. The local network will be connected to the primary district heating network to cover the remaining heat demand. The simulation results show that with a medium temperature supply, the peak power demand is up to three times higher than with a low temperature supply. This results from the fact that the centralized heat pump lifts the temperature for the entire network, including space and DHW heating demands. With a low temperature supply, heat pumps are applied only for DHW production, which enables a low and even electricity demand. On the other hand, with a low temperature supply, the district heating demand is high in the wintertime, in particular if the waste heat temperature is low. The choice of a suitable supply temperature level for a local heating network is hence strongly dependent on the temperature of the available waste heat, but also on the costs and emissions related to the production of district heating and electricity in the different seasons.

scholarly journals RELaTED Project: New Developments on Ultra-Low Temperature District Heating Networks

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Antonio Garrido Marijuan ◽  
Roberto Garay ◽  
Mikel Lumbreras ◽  
Víctor Sánchez ◽  
Olga Macias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Heating Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Heating Networks

District heating networks deliver around 13% of the heating energy in the EU, being considered as a key element of the progressive decarbonization of Europe. The H2020 REnewable Low TEmperature District project (RELaTED) seeks to contribute to the energy decarbonization of these infrastructures through the development and demonstration of the following concepts: reduction in network temperature down to 50 °C, integration of renewable energies and waste heat sources with a novel substation concept, and improvement on building-integrated solar thermal systems. The coupling of renewable thermal sources with ultra-low temperature district heating (DH) allows for a bidirectional energy flow, using the DH as both thermal storage in periods of production surplus and a back-up heating source during consumption peaks. The ultra-low temperature enables the integration of a wide range of energy sources such as waste heat from industry. Furthermore, RELaTED also develops concepts concerning district heating-connected reversible heat pump systems that allow to reach adequate thermal levels for domestic hot water as well as the use of the network for district cooling with high performance. These developments will be demonstrated in four locations: Estonia, Serbia, Denmark, and Spain.

scholarly journals Design of a Database of Case Studies and Technologies to Increase the Diffusion of Low-Temperature Waste Heat Recovery in the Industrial Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5223
Author(s):  
Miriam Benedetti ◽  
Daniele Dadi ◽  
Lorena Giordano ◽  
Vito Introna ◽  
Pasquale Eduardo Lapenna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Implementation Rate ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Technology Market

The recovery of waste heat is a fundamental means of achieving the ambitious medium- and long-term targets set by European and international directives. Despite the large availability of waste heat, especially at low temperatures (<250 °C), the implementation rate of heat recovery interventions is still low, mainly due to non-technical barriers. To overcome this limitation, this work aims to develop two distinct databases containing waste heat recovery case studies and technologies as a novel tool to enhance knowledge transfer in the industrial sector. Through an in-depth analysis of the scientific literature, the two databases’ structures were developed, defining fields and information to collect, and then a preliminary population was performed. Both databases were validated by interacting with companies which operate in the heat recovery technology market and which are possible users of the tools. Those proposed are the first example in the literature of databases completely focused on low-temperature waste heat recovery in the industrial sector and able to provide detailed information on heat exchange and the technologies used. The tools proposed are two key elements in supporting companies in all the phases of a heat recovery intervention: from identifying waste heat to choosing the best technology to be adopted.

Sticky thermoelectric materials for flexible thermoelectric modules to capture low-temperature waste heat

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norifusa Satoh ◽  
Masaji Otsuka ◽  
Yasuaki Sakurai ◽  
Takeshi Asami ◽  
Yoshitsugu Goto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Conductive Adhesives ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Low Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Te Modules ◽  
P Type ◽  
Flexible Thermoelectric

ABSTRACTWe examined a working hypothesis of sticky thermoelectric (TE) materials, which is inversely designed to mass-produce flexible TE sheets with lamination or roll-to-roll processes without electric conductive adhesives. Herein, we prepared p-type and n-type sticky TE materials via mixing antimony and bismuth powders with low-volatilizable organic solvents to achieve a low thermal conductivity. Since the sticky TE materials are additionally injected into punched polymer sheets to contact with the upper and bottom electrodes in the fabrication process, the sticky TE modules of ca. 2.4 mm in thickness maintained temperature differences of ca. 10°C and 40°C on a hot plate of 40 °C and 120°C under a natural-air cooling condition with a fin. In the single-cell resistance analysis, we found that 75∼150-µm bismuth powder shows lower resistance than the smaller-sized one due to the fewer number of particle-particle interfaces in the electric pass between the upper and bottom electrodes. After adjusting the printed wiring pattern for the upper and bottom electrodes, we achieved 42 mV on a hot plate (120°C) with the 6 x 6 module having 212 Ω in the total resistance. In addition to the possibility of mass production at a reasonable cost, the sticky TE materials provide a low thermal conductivity for flexible TE modules to capture low-temperature waste heat under natural-air cooling conditions with fins for the purpose of energy harvesting.

Novel Combined Power and Cooling Thermodynamic Cycle for Low Temperature Heat Sources, Part II: Experimental Investigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Tamm ◽  
D. Yogi Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Theoretical Simulation

A combined thermal power and cooling cycle proposed by Goswami is under intensive investigation, both theoretically and experimentally. The proposed cycle combines the Rankine and absorption refrigeration cycles, producing refrigeration while power is the primary goal. A binary ammonia-water mixture is used as the working fluid. This cycle can be used as a bottoming cycle using waste heat from a conventional power cycle or as an independent cycle using low temperature sources such as geothermal and solar energy. An experimental system was constructed to demonstrate the feasibility of the cycle and to compare the experimental results with the theoretical simulation. Results showed that the vapor generation and absorption condensation processes work experimentally, exhibiting expected trends, but with deviations from ideal and equilibrium modeling. The potential for combined turbine work and refrigeration output was evidenced in operating the system. Analysis of losses showed where improvements could be made, in preparation for further testing over a broader range of operating conditions.

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