The Fuel Price Pass-Through in Turkey: The Case Study of Motor Fuel Price Subsidy System

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 120399
Author(s):  
Onder Ozgur ◽  
Erdal Tanas Karagol ◽  
Fatih Cemil Ozbugday
Keyword(s):  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Price Subsidy ◽  
Pass Through

scholarly journals Hidden Technologies of the Great Siberian Migration: Newcomers Breaking Into the Old Residents Community (Kharlova Village Conflict of 1893)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Kirillov ◽  
Anastasiya Karavayeva
Keyword(s):  
Case Study Method ◽  
Narrow Channels ◽  
Chain Migration ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Tide Height ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
To Come ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
To Receive

Peasant migration to Siberia in the second half of the 19th - the first half of the 20th century was a chronological parallel to the mass migration of Europeans across the Atlantics. One of the issues of the Great Siberian migration is the reasons for which it did not reach the proportions sufficient to defuse the land crisis in European Russia. The authors of the article are trying to solve this problem by studying the conflicts between the old Siberian residents and the migrants. By applying the case study method, the authors draw attention to one particular case, a clash in Kharlova village (Altai District of Cabinet of His Majesty Emperor) in 1893. It is one of the few conflicts described in detail. The mechanism of the conflict origination is discovered by confronting mutually exclusive statements of both parties and reconstructing hidden facts. It is proved that the resettlement of the Voronezh region peasants to the Altai village was a bright example of chain migration. New migrants would come on the advice of their predecessors. Thus, a group of the new old residents sympathetic to the newcomers was formed among the peasants belonging to the Kharlova community. The immediate reason for the conflict was an attempt of a big group of migrants to get a right to live in Kharlova village by cheating. A delegate of this group obtained the community council permission to come with a couple more of adult peasants and returned next year with six dozen of his compatriots. Though untypical, this method of penetration into an old residents community highlights a common issue: the ground for the conflicts was created by the two peasant groups contradiction of interests. It was important for the newcomers to start new life with the help of those who had already put down roots in Siberia; but the old residents were ready to receive only a small number of new neighbors. The rising tide of peasant migration could not spread evenly over the Siberian expanse; it had to pass through narrow channels of the already inhabited places - which considerably restricted the tide height.

scholarly journals Modeling Airline Cost Pass-Through within Regional Aviation Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (23) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Bojun Wang ◽  
Aidan O’Sullivan ◽  
Lynnette Dray ◽  
Andreas W. Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fuel Costs

Studies assessing the impact of market-based environmental policies in aviation rely on various scenarios of airline cost pass-through, because there is little empirical evidence with respect to the impacts of airline costs on airfares. Instead, the costs effect has been indirectly measured by proxy variables such as distance, fuel price, and aircraft sizes. This paper provides empirical evidence of airline cost pass-through by developing an airfare model that explicitly captures airline operating costs. Using a feasible generalized two-stage least squares (FG2SLS) approach, we obtained coefficients of airline fuel costs per passenger, non-fuel costs per passenger, and non-fuel costs per flight modeling for seven world regions (20 region-pair markets). A comparison of the estimated cost pass-through elasticities conducted across regional markets suggests that airlines may respond to the cost increases differently, depending on the cost types and the markets they operate in. Based on the estimated coefficients, we systematically evaluate the potential impacts of introducing a carbon tax policy within two major regional markets with distinct cost pass-through elasticities.

Analysis and Testing of Passenger Vehicle Bulkhead Fireworthiness

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Herbst ◽  
Steven Meyer ◽  
Lauren Bell ◽  
Jack Bish ◽  
Christopher Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Fire Propagation ◽  
Testing Methodology ◽  
Seal Design ◽  
Retention Testing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Occupant Injuries ◽  
Pass Through

This paper presents a case study of an injury producing post-crash fire as well as testing methods to evaluate bulkhead pass through seal fire resistance and retention. In the subject crash, engine compartment fluids were released and ignited. The burning fluids entered the occupant compartment through a bulkhead pass through, resulting in rapid fire propagation and severe occupant injuries before extrication could be completed. A burn testing methodology was developed and used to evaluate the ability of the subject seal design to prevent flames and fluids from entering the occupant compartment. A retention testing methodology was also developed and used to evaluate a variety of seal designs.

Dynamic Fuel Price Pass-Through: Evidence from a New Global Retail Fuel Price Database

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (254) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kangni Kpodar ◽  
Chadi Abdallah ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Price ◽  
Pass Through

scholarly journals A review of the potential for rare-earth element resources from European red muds: examples from Seydişehir, Turkey and Parnassus-Giona, Greece

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éimear A. Deady ◽  
Evangelos Mouchos ◽  
Kathryn Goodenough ◽  
Ben J. Williamson ◽  
Frances Wall
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Bayer Process ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractRare-earth elements (REE) are viewed as 'critical metals' due to a complex array of production and political issues, most notably a near monopoly in supply from China. Red mud, the waste product of the Bayer process that produces alumina from bauxite, represents a potential secondary resource ofREE. Karst bauxite deposits represent the ideal source material forREE-enriched red mud as the conditions during formation of the bauxite allow for the retention ofREE. TheREEpass through the Bayer Process and are concentrated in the waste material. Millions of tonnes of red mud are currently stockpiled in onshore storage facilities across Europe, representing a potentialREEresource. Red mud from two case study sites, one in Greece and the other in Turkey, has been found to contain an average of ∼1000 ppm totalREE, with an enrichment of light over heavyREE. Although this is relatively low grade when compared with typical primaryREEdeposits (Mountain Pass and Mount Weld up to 80,000 ppm), it is of interest because of the large volumes available, the cost benefits of reprocessing waste, and the low proportion of contained radioactive elements. This work shows that ∼12,000 tonnes ofREEexist in red mud at the two case study areas alone, with much larger resources existing across Europe as a whole.

scholarly journals MCDM Bunkering Optimisation in a Hub and Spoke System: The Case of the North Adriatic Ports

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-547
Author(s):  
Danijela Tuljak-Suban
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Goal Function ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Hub And Spoke ◽  
The North ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Cargo Capacity ◽  
Port System

Choosing an optimal bunkering port that minimises the increase in the operating costs in a hub and spoke system is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. Furthermore, the criteria are related to the port particularities, the environment, fuel price, and some criteria are quantitative while others are qualitative. It is therefore necessary to create a model that takes such features into consideration. Firstly, in this paper a set of the most used criteria will be defined. Then, a method to choose suitable criteria for a hub and spoke system will be proposed. Secondly, using a Fuzzy AHP, weights will be defined and used in a multi-criteria goal function. The outcome is a bunkering policy MCDM model based on the aggregation of fuel consumption and price to criteria related to port characteristics, local aspects and service particularities. All these factors must be considered by a chief engineer (superintendent) in the process of defining a sustainable bunker policy. A case study based on the North Adriatic port system demonstrates the applicability of the proposed model. In addition, the case study highlights that in hub and spoke systems with short loops, feeder ships can regulate cargo capacity and stay at a port with bunkering policy planning.

A Reliable Pre-Processing for the Simulation of Friction Joints in Turbomachineries and its Validation: A Case Study With Policontact

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Firrone ◽  
Giuseppe Battiato
Keyword(s):  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Forced Response ◽  
Mathematical Basis ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Nonlinear Equations Of Motion ◽  
Physical Phenomena

Abstract Industry and University collaborates to develop methods to simulate the nonlinear dynamics of components in rotating assemblies like turbine or compressor modules in the presence of friction joints. This collaboration produced fruitful results providing a family of numerical solvers with the goal of foreseeing the safety margins against High Cycle Fatigue failure. Softwares are therefore intended as design tools to exploit the damping effect of joints by controlling geometrical features, materials and contact loads. Contact models, reduction techniques to handle complex blade geometries modeled by Finite Element softwares, and numerical techniques to solve the nonlinear equations of motion are refined to provide the level of vibration amplitude as fast as possible by keeping the representativeness of the physical phenomena that are involved. A reliable compromise between speed and accuracy must be confirmed by several ‘gates’ to pass through during all the simulation process, in particular during pre-processing phase. The objective of this paper is to propose a good practice made of a list of actions to check the goodness of the mathematical basis to obtain reliable results from simulation. Experience gained thanks to the long-lasting collaboration between Politecnico di Torino and GE Avio for the development of the software Policontact provides a case study of an effective synthesis between two requirements that are often opposed to each other: complex mathematical models to simulate the nonlinear forced response of rotating components on one side and a robust, confident implementation of an easy-to-use tool intended for industrial staff with complementary background on the other side.

scholarly journals Vulnerability to motor fuel price increases: Socio-spatial patterns in England

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 98-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Mattioli ◽  
Ian Philips ◽  
Jillian Anable ◽  
Tim Chatterton
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Price Increases

PENGARUH ASPEK SIRKULASI DALAM MEMBENTUK INTEGRASI RUANG TERBUKA PUBLIK PADA SEBUAH PUSAT PERBELANJAAN

Jurnal SCALE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ima Rachima Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Shopping Center ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Public Open Spaces

The lack of public open space due to the land competition in urban area generates less activity to gather in community, because of this changing of the life style, people who used to gather in public open spaces now moving to gather in modern shopping centers. This led to the development of shopping center design that integrated with public open space as a forum for the community to gather. This research takes a case study in Paris Van Java Mall Bandung (West Java), Mall Kelapa Gading (DKI Jakarta), and Lippo Mall kemang (DKI Jakarta). These three shopping centers is integrated with public open space. The purpose of this research is to find a form of integration of public open spaces to the shopping centers, especially in the aspect of circulation, zoning activities, and visual space. The method use in this research is descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Methods of data collection are using place-centered mapping and person-centered mapping. The results of this research indicate that circulation aspects use camouflaging approach by the linear arranged retails, that visitors can pass through the space between retails whose circulation form with semi open space. The aspect of zoning activity will form zoning receiver, zoning connections, zoning support (retail, sitting area, garden), and multiuse zoning. The aspect of visual space will be dominated by the space and the principle of rhythm, so that the visual of the space would provide unity between public open space and shopping center.

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