U.S. fuel economy and greenhouse gas standards: What have they achieved and what have we learned?

Energy Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 111783
Author(s):  
David L. Greene ◽  
Judith M. Greenwald ◽  
Rebecca E. Ciez
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Gas Standards

scholarly journals Performance, Cost, and Market Share of Conventional Vehicle Efficiency Technologies?: Retrospective Comparison of Regulatory Document Projections for Corporate Average Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Standards

2017 ◽  
Vol 2628 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xie ◽  
Zhenhong Lin ◽  
Rachael Nealer
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Corporate Average Fuel Economy ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Retrospective Comparison ◽  
Vehicle Efficiency ◽  
Gas Standards ◽  
Current Energy

This study conducted an analysis of regulatory documents on current energy- and greenhouse gas–relevant conventional vehicle efficiency technologies in the corporate average fuel economy standards (2017 to 2025) and greenhouse gas rulemaking context by NHTSA and EPA. The focus was on identifying what technologies today—as estimated now (2015 to 2016)—receive higher or lower expectations with regard to effectiveness, cost, and consumer adoption than what experts projected during the 2010 to 2011 rulemaking period. A broad range of conventional vehicle efficiency technologies, including gasoline engine and diesel engine, transmission, accessory, hybrid, and vehicle body technologies, was investigated in this analysis. Most assessed technologies were found to have had better competitiveness than expected with regard to effectiveness or costs, or both, with costs and market penetration more difficult to predict than technology effectiveness.

scholarly journals Evaluation of vehicle lightweighting to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with focus on magnesium substitution

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Kulkarni ◽  
David John Edwards ◽  
Erika Anneli Parn ◽  
Craig Chapman ◽  
Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Vehicle weight reduction represents a viable means of meeting tougher regulatory requirements designed to reduce fuel consumption and control greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aims to present an empirical and comparative analysis of lightweight magnesium materials used to replace conventional steel in passenger vehicles with internal combustion engines. The very low density of magnesium makes it a viable material for lightweighting given that it is lighter than aluminium by one-third and steel by three-fourth. Design/methodology/approach A structural evaluation case study of the “open access” Wikispeed car was undertaken. This included an assessment of material design characteristics such as bending stiffness, torsional stiffness and crashworthiness to evaluate whether magnesium provides a better alternative to the current usage of aluminium in the automotive industry. Findings The Wikispeed car had an issue with the rocker beam width/thickness (b/t) ratio, indicating failure in yield instead of buckling. By changing the specified material, Aluminium Alloy 6061-T651 to Magnesium EN-MB10020, it was revealed that vehicle mass could be reduced by an estimated 110 kg, in turn improving the fuel economy by 10 per cent. This, however, would require mechanical performance compromise unless the current design is modified. Originality/value This is the first time that a comparative analysis of material substitution has been made on the Wikispeed car. The results of such work will assist in the lowering of harmful greenhouse gas emissions and simultaneously augment fuel economy.

The Macroeconomic Effects of 2017 Through 2025 Federal Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 732-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanya Carley ◽  
Nikolaos Zirogiannis ◽  
Denvil Duncan ◽  
Saba Siddiki ◽  
John D. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Macroeconomic Effects

Does the American Public Support Legislation to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions?

Daedalus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon A. Krosnick ◽  
Bo MacInnis
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Future Warming ◽  
Energy Efficiency Standards

Despite efforts by some congressional legislators to pass laws to limit greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the use of fossil fuels, no such laws have yet been adopted. Is this failure to pass new laws attributable to a lack of public desire for such legislation? Data from national surveys support two answers to this question. First, large majorities of Americans have endorsed a variety of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; second, policy support has been consistent across years and across scopes and types of policies. Popular policies include fuel economy and energy-efficiency standards, mandated use of renewable sources, and limitations on emissions by utilities and by businesses more generally. Support for policies has been price sensitive, and the American public appears to have been willing to pay enough money for these purposes to cover their costs. Consistent with these policy endorsements, surveys show that large majorities of Americans believe that global warming has been happening, that it is attributable to human activity, and that future warming will be a threat if unaddressed. Not surprisingly, these beliefs appear to have been important drivers of public support for policies designed to reform energy generation and use. Thus, it seems inappropriate to attribute lack of legislation to lack of public support in these arenas.

Impact of Driving Cycles on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Fuel Economy for SI Car Real World Driving

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1320-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Li ◽  
Gordon E Andrews ◽  
Dimitrios Savvidis ◽  
Basil Daham ◽  
Karl Ropkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Driving Cycles

Automobile Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grady Killeen ◽  
Arik Levinson
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Automotive Fuel ◽  
History Of

In March 2017, EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt reopened an evaluation of the automotive fuel economy and greenhouse gas emissions standards that the EPA had finalized in January. This case provides a history of the rules, along with assessments of their costs and benefits. It addresses numerous debates, including the environmental benefits of the rules, the role of electric vehicles, whether the standards should be less strict for larger cars, and tradeoffs between fuel economy and safety.

scholarly journals Population Age Structure and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Road Transportation: A Panel Cointegration Analysis of 21 OECD Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7734
Author(s):  
Hyungwoo Lim ◽  
Jaehyeok Kim ◽  
Ha-Hyun Jo
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Polynomial Structure ◽  
Effect Of Age

Using panel data from 21 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries collected between 2000 and 2016, this study analyzes the effect of age structure on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from road transportation. Previous studies have failed to reflect the driver’s behavior patterns, especially by age group. We apply the Fully-Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method, including the age structure effect by reorganizing 17 age groups into a polynomial structure. The age structure exhibits an asymmetric inverted U-shaped effect on GHG emissions. Initially, people emit more GHGs as they age, and reach peak emissions in their late 20s, after which emissions fall until around the age of 70, when GHG emissions remain constant because of minimum mobility demand. Factors, such as higher income, increased vehicle ownership, and raised transport volumes increase emission rates. On the other hand, fuel transition and increased fuel price, population density, urbanization rate, and fuel economy reduce GHG emissions. Furthermore, we perform a projection of GHG emissions until 2050, and conclude that the effect of age structure is limited because of the minimum mobility demand of the elderly. We conclude that various policy measures, such as increased fuel economy and urbanization, must be considered in order to achieve sustainable transport

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