scholarly journals Evaluation of vehicle lightweighting to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with focus on magnesium substitution

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Kulkarni ◽  
David John Edwards ◽  
Erika Anneli Parn ◽  
Craig Chapman ◽  
Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Vehicle weight reduction represents a viable means of meeting tougher regulatory requirements designed to reduce fuel consumption and control greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aims to present an empirical and comparative analysis of lightweight magnesium materials used to replace conventional steel in passenger vehicles with internal combustion engines. The very low density of magnesium makes it a viable material for lightweighting given that it is lighter than aluminium by one-third and steel by three-fourth. Design/methodology/approach A structural evaluation case study of the “open access” Wikispeed car was undertaken. This included an assessment of material design characteristics such as bending stiffness, torsional stiffness and crashworthiness to evaluate whether magnesium provides a better alternative to the current usage of aluminium in the automotive industry. Findings The Wikispeed car had an issue with the rocker beam width/thickness (b/t) ratio, indicating failure in yield instead of buckling. By changing the specified material, Aluminium Alloy 6061-T651 to Magnesium EN-MB10020, it was revealed that vehicle mass could be reduced by an estimated 110 kg, in turn improving the fuel economy by 10 per cent. This, however, would require mechanical performance compromise unless the current design is modified. Originality/value This is the first time that a comparative analysis of material substitution has been made on the Wikispeed car. The results of such work will assist in the lowering of harmful greenhouse gas emissions and simultaneously augment fuel economy.

The Macroeconomic Effects of 2017 Through 2025 Federal Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 732-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanya Carley ◽  
Nikolaos Zirogiannis ◽  
Denvil Duncan ◽  
Saba Siddiki ◽  
John D. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Macroeconomic Effects

Comparison of time series approaches for prediction of energy consumption focusing on greenhouse gases emission in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-499
Author(s):  
Maryam Doroodi ◽  
Alireza Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Double Exponential ◽  
Double Exponential Smoothing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to predict the amount of energy consumption by using a suitable statistical method in some sectors and energy carriers, which has shown a significant correlation with greenhouse gas emissions. Design/methodology/approach After studying the correlation between energy consumption rates in different sectors of energy consumption and some energy carriers with greenhouse gas distribution (CO2, SO2, NOX and SPM), the most effective factors on pollution emission will be first identified and then predicted for the next 20 years (2015 to 2004). Furthermore, to determine the appropriate method for forecasting, two approaches titled “trend analysis” and “double exponential smoothing” will be applied on data, collected from 1967 to 2014, and their capabilities in anticipating will be compared to each other contributing MSD, MAD, MAPE indices and also the actual and projected time series comparison. After predicting the energy consumption in the sectors and energy carriers, the growth rate of consumption in the next 20 years is also calculated. Findings Correlation study shows that four energy sectors (industry sector, agriculture, transportation and household-general-commercial) and two energy carriers (electricity and natural gas) have shown remarkable correlation with greenhouse gas emissions. To predict the energy consumption in mentioned sectors and carriers, it is proven that double exponential smoothing method is more capable in predicting. The study shows that among the demand sectors, the industry will account for the highest consumption rate. Electricity will experience the highest rate among the energy careers. In fact, producing this amount of electricity causes emissions of greenhouse gases. Research limitations/implications Access to the data and categorized data was one of the main limitations. Practical implications By identifying the sectors and energy carriers that have the highest consumption growth rate in the next 20 years, it can be said that greenhouse gas emissions, which show remarkable correlation with these sectors and carriers, will also increase dramatically. So, their stricter control seems to be necessary. On the other hand, to control a particular greenhouse gas, it is possible to focus on the amount of energy consumed in the sectors and carriers that have a significant correlation with this pollutant. These results will lead to more targeted policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Social implications The tendency of communities toward industrialization along with population growth will doubtlessly lead to more consumption of fossil fuels. An immediate aftermath of burning fuels is greenhouse gas emission resulting in destructive effects on the environment and ecosystems. Identifying the factors affecting the pollutants resulted from consumption of fossil fuels is significant in controlling the emissions. Originality/value Such analyses help policymakers make more informed and targeted decisions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and make safer and more appropriate policies and investment.

scholarly journals Solar energy policy to boost Brazilian power sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-367
Author(s):  
Juliana Pacheco Barbosa ◽  
Joisa Dutra Saraiva ◽  
Julia Seixas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Incentive Mechanisms ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the opportunity for the energy policy in Brazil to tackle the very high cost-effectiveness potencial of solar energy to the power system. Three mechanisms to achieve ambitious reductions in the greenhouse gas emissions from the power sector by 2030 and 2040 are assessed wherein treated as solar targets under ambitious reductions in the greenhouse gas emissions from the power sector. Then, three mechanisms to achieve these selected solar targets are suggested. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews current and future incentive mechanisms to promote solar energy. An integrated energy system optimization model shows the most cost-efficient deployment level. Incentive mechanisms can promote renewable sources, aiming to tackle climate change and ensuring energy security, while taking advantage of endogenous energy resources potential. Based on a literature review, as well as on the specific characteristics of the Brazilian power system, under restrictions for the expansion of hydroelectricity and ambitious limitation in the emissions of greenhouse gases from the power sector. Findings The potential unexploited of solar energy is huge but it needs the appropriate incentive mechanism to be deployed. These mechanisms would be more effective if they have a specific technological and temporal focus. The solar energy deployment in large scale is important to the mitigation of climate change. Originality/value The value of the research is twofold: estimations of the cost-effective potential of solar technologies, generated from an integrated optimization energy model, fully calibrated for the Brazilian power system, while tacking the increasing electricity demand, the expected reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the need to increase the access to clean and affordable energy, up to 2040; proposals of three mechanisms to deploy centralized PV, distributed PV and solar thermal power, taking the best experiences in several countries and the recent Brazilian cases.

Does the American Public Support Legislation to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions?

Daedalus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon A. Krosnick ◽  
Bo MacInnis
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Future Warming ◽  
Energy Efficiency Standards

Despite efforts by some congressional legislators to pass laws to limit greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the use of fossil fuels, no such laws have yet been adopted. Is this failure to pass new laws attributable to a lack of public desire for such legislation? Data from national surveys support two answers to this question. First, large majorities of Americans have endorsed a variety of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; second, policy support has been consistent across years and across scopes and types of policies. Popular policies include fuel economy and energy-efficiency standards, mandated use of renewable sources, and limitations on emissions by utilities and by businesses more generally. Support for policies has been price sensitive, and the American public appears to have been willing to pay enough money for these purposes to cover their costs. Consistent with these policy endorsements, surveys show that large majorities of Americans believe that global warming has been happening, that it is attributable to human activity, and that future warming will be a threat if unaddressed. Not surprisingly, these beliefs appear to have been important drivers of public support for policies designed to reform energy generation and use. Thus, it seems inappropriate to attribute lack of legislation to lack of public support in these arenas.

Impact of Driving Cycles on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Fuel Economy for SI Car Real World Driving

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1320-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Li ◽  
Gordon E Andrews ◽  
Dimitrios Savvidis ◽  
Basil Daham ◽  
Karl Ropkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Driving Cycles

Energy saving via lighting study at US National Laboratories

Facilities ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 396-410
Author(s):  
Paulette R. Hebert ◽  
Mihyun Kang ◽  
Rebekah J. Thompsen
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Save Energy

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to examine lighting systems at 77 laboratories located within one building to save energy and associated costs. Design/methodology/approach – Field measurements of illumination were conducted and compared to lighting standards and industry recommendations. Findings – For energy and cost saving, de-lamping all four-lamp luminaires down to two-lamp luminaires and installing occupancy sensors in all laboratories were recommended. Research limitations/implications – The research team’s project working hours and study period were limited. This study begins to fill the gap in the literature regarding lighting field studies. Practical implications – By carefully considering light level recommendations, industry standards and installation budgets, existing facilities can install appropriate retrofits to save energy and money without sacrificing illumination levels. Recommended retrofits are anticipated to significantly curtail annual federal energy consumption practices at the labs. Social implications – The retrofits recommended in this study will reduce US federal government’s energy-related expenditures and greenhouse gas emissions in support of the 2010 Presidential Mandate. The proposed occupancy sensors are anticipated to compensate for humans’ failure to manually control lighting. Originality/value – This field study adds value by documenting cost-effective methods to measure, record and manage laboratory lighting, and it calls for the implementation of social, economic and ecological interventions. The recommended retrofits will reduce US federal government’s energy-related expenditures and greenhouse gas emissions in support of the 2010 Presidential Mandate.

Technical steps will vex post-Paris climate agenda

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Leader

Significance The Paris Agreement will enter into force on November 4, ahead of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) annual Conference of Parties (COP22) meeting in Marrakech, Morocco, which begins the following week. The two thresholds for entry into force -- more than 55 countries ratifying, accounting for 55% of global greenhouse gas emissions -- were met in early October. Impacts Activist states will continue to advance Paris-complementary measures in non-UNFCCC settings. The Paris Agreement's entry into force means that a signatory government can only withdraw in four years' time. However, a national leader willing to bear the diplomatic fallout could nevertheless undermine the pact through inaction and backsliding. The natural gas sector is a likely beneficiary of incremental international emissions reduction efforts.

Automobile Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grady Killeen ◽  
Arik Levinson
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Automotive Fuel ◽  
History Of

In March 2017, EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt reopened an evaluation of the automotive fuel economy and greenhouse gas emissions standards that the EPA had finalized in January. This case provides a history of the rules, along with assessments of their costs and benefits. It addresses numerous debates, including the environmental benefits of the rules, the role of electric vehicles, whether the standards should be less strict for larger cars, and tradeoffs between fuel economy and safety.

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