scholarly journals Population Age Structure and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Road Transportation: A Panel Cointegration Analysis of 21 OECD Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7734
Author(s):  
Hyungwoo Lim ◽  
Jaehyeok Kim ◽  
Ha-Hyun Jo
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Polynomial Structure ◽  
Effect Of Age

Using panel data from 21 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries collected between 2000 and 2016, this study analyzes the effect of age structure on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from road transportation. Previous studies have failed to reflect the driver’s behavior patterns, especially by age group. We apply the Fully-Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method, including the age structure effect by reorganizing 17 age groups into a polynomial structure. The age structure exhibits an asymmetric inverted U-shaped effect on GHG emissions. Initially, people emit more GHGs as they age, and reach peak emissions in their late 20s, after which emissions fall until around the age of 70, when GHG emissions remain constant because of minimum mobility demand. Factors, such as higher income, increased vehicle ownership, and raised transport volumes increase emission rates. On the other hand, fuel transition and increased fuel price, population density, urbanization rate, and fuel economy reduce GHG emissions. Furthermore, we perform a projection of GHG emissions until 2050, and conclude that the effect of age structure is limited because of the minimum mobility demand of the elderly. We conclude that various policy measures, such as increased fuel economy and urbanization, must be considered in order to achieve sustainable transport

scholarly journals Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Produced by Road Projects in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Alzard ◽  
Munjed A. Maraqa ◽  
Rezaul Chowdhury ◽  
Qasim Khan ◽  
Francisco D. B. Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
Operation Phase

Assessing the current levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from road transportation projects allows for benchmarking and is essential for potential emissions reduction. The objective of this study was to estimate the GHG emissions associated with the construction and operation of three road cases—two primary roads and one secondary road network—in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The GHG emissions produced by the study cases were estimated using the RoadCO2 estimation tool. Results showed that the total emissions (in kg CO2e/m2/y) range from 76 for the secondary road case to 1100 for the primary road cases. The operation phase is responsible for 94–98% of these emissions; the construction phase is responsible for the rest. Road works contributed the most to GHG emissions during the construction phase. The contribution of the remaining categories of the construction phase fluctuates within a certain case and among the considered cases. The equipment used in the construction phase for the three cases contributed 15–70% of the total phase emissions, while the remaining emissions were due to construction materials. In the operation phase, emissions were mainly generated by vehicle movement. Street lighting also contributed to emissions during the operation phase. On the other hand, the irrigation of planted trees along the road had a very low impact on GHG emissions, and carbon sequestration by these trees had a negligible effect in terms of acting as a carbon sink. The results obtained from this study were compared with other cases reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Can Environmental Regulations Promote Greenhouse Gas Abatement in OECD Countries? Command-and-Control vs. Market-Based Policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6913
Author(s):  
Xu Guo ◽  
Lin Fu ◽  
Xiaohua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Consumption Structure ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement ◽  
Stringency Level ◽  
And Control

In response to global warming, greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement has been one of the top priorities of governments, and a large variety of environmental regulation policies have been implemented in past decades. Using panel data from 27 OECD countries over the period of 2005–2012, this study measures and compares the stringency level of command-and-control and market-based environmental regulations. The differentiated impacts and indirect effects of environmental regulations on GHG emissions are tested empirically. The results show that: (1) Both command-and-control and market-based environmental regulations have effects on GHG abatement in OECD countries, and there is a non-linear relationship between environmental regulations and GHG discharge, in which stringent command-and-control environmental regulations and mild market-based regulation policies are preferred; (2) Command-and-control environmental regulations reduce GHG emissions by improving the technological level, rather than the energy consumption structure. In contrast, market-based environmental regulations can promote GHG abatement through the intermediary effects of both technological progress and the energy consumption structure. The findings provide implications for OECD countries to further reduce GHG emissions.

Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Measures in Transportation Sector of Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsuddin Shahid ◽  
Anil Minhans ◽  
Othman Che Puan
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Policy Measures

Malaysia has committed to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by up to 40% by the year 2020. The fact that transport sector of Malaysia shares a big portion of national GHG emissions; its role is paramount. The present study reviews the current state of GHG emission, the major technical and policy measures that can be adopted, and the measures that have been initiated in Malaysia for GHG emission reduction in transportation sector. Data related to road vehicles and GHG emission from road transportation are collected from open source databases and analyzed to reveal the present trends and possible future changes in GHG emission due to government initiatives. The result shows deceleration of GHG emission from transportation sector of Malaysia in recent years. However, the study reveals that the present measures may not be enough to reduce GHG emission up to the set target. Malaysia needs more prudent strategies for climate-friendly development of transportation to achieve sustainability goals. The study also examines the potential of Malaysia to reduce GHG and the measures that that can be initiated to streamline the effort towards GHG emission reduction are discussed.

scholarly journals Application of a Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Technique for Projection of the Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Road Transportation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6346
Author(s):  
Reham Alhindawi ◽  
Yousef Abu Nahleh ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Nirajan Shiwakoti
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Inference System ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy

In the past, different forecasting models have been proposed to predict greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, most of these models are unable to handle non-linear data. One of the most widely known techniques, the Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), can deal with nonlinear data. Its ability to predict GHG emissions from road transportation is still unexplored. This study aims to fulfil that gap by adapting the ANFIS model to predict GHG emissions from road transportation by using the ratio between vehicle-kilometers and number of transportation vehicles for six transportation modes (passenger cars, motorcycle, light trucks, single-unit trucks, tractors, and buses) from the North American Transportation Statistics (NATS) online database over a period of 22 years. The results show that ANFIS is a suitable method to forecast GHG emissions from the road transportation sector.

scholarly journals Preliminary Life Cycle Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions at Transportation Phase of a Beverage Drink for Green Logistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Jarotwan Koiwanit ◽  
Fonthong Riensuwarn ◽  
Penpicha Palungpaiboon ◽  
Pimpen Pornchaloempong
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Air Pollutions ◽  
Institute Of Technology

As the transportation sector is one of the main emitters of large quantities of pollutions to the atmosphere, industries have been trying to cope with this issue and launch many campaigns or projects to reduce air pollutions. In any industries around the world, an electric vehicle is a part of alternative transportation mode which has recently experienced considerable growth. The paper aims to evaluate energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the food sector for the entire life cycle and particularly focusing on green road transportation. The focus of the analysis covers the mango powder drink mix transportation, distribution, and disposal aspects, especially for road transportation. The observed results showed that the electric vehicles have emissions reduction potential and consequently showed low impacts in Global Warming Potential (GWP) impact category. The environmental impact assessment identified that the primary source of energy use and GHG emissions was the transportation process from Hong Keaw plantation to King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL) (0.025 kgCO2eq).

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