:
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent metallo-endopeptidase that are responsible towards the degradation, repair and remodelling of extracellular matrix components. MMPs play an important role in maintaining a normal physiological function and preventing diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Natural products derived from plants have been used as traditional medicine for centuries. Its active compounds, such as catechin,
resveratrol and quercetin, are suggested to play an important role as MMPs inhibitors, thereby opening new insights into
their applications in many fields, such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This review summarises the current
knowledge on plant-derived natural products with MMP-modulating activities. Most of the reviewed plant-derived products
exhibit an inhibitory activity on MMPs. Amongst MMPs, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the most studied. The expression of
MMPs is inhibited through respective signalling pathways, such as MAPK, NF-κB and PI3 kinase pathways, which contribute to the reduction in cancer cell behaviours, such as proliferation and migration. Most studies have employed in vitro
models, but a limited number of animal studies and clinical trials have been conducted. Even though plant-derived products
show promising results in modulating MMPs, more in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to support their therapeutic
applications in the future.
Tiered testing of micro- and nanoplastics using intestinal in vitro models to support hazard assessments
