Formation of disinfection by-products during chlorination of organic matter from phoenix tree leaves and Chlorella vulgaris

Abstract In this study, diffused aeration was applied to remove trihalomethane (THM) compounds from chlorinated, treated water containing high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of 6.8 ± 1.2 mg/L. Increasing air-to-water volumetric ratio (rA/W) from 16 to 39 enhanced total THM (TTHM) removal from 60 to 70% at 20 °C and from 30 to 50% at 4 °C. Although bromodichloromethane has lower Henry's law constant than chloroform (CF), it was removed by a higher degree than CF in some aeration trials. Albeit obtaining high removals in aeration, TTHM reformed, and their concentration surpassed the Canadian guideline of 100 ppb in about 24 hours at 20 °C and 40 hours at 10 °C in all attempted air-to-water ratios. The water age in the system investigated in this study varied from 48 hours in midpoint chlorine boosting stations to 336 hours in the nearest endpoint. This study showed that THM removal by aeration is not a viable solution to control the concentration of these disinfection by-products in high-DOC treated water and in distribution systems where water age exceeds 24 hours; unless, it is going to be installed at the distribution endpoints.

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Sources and Properties of Natural Organic Matter (NOM) in Water Along the Dongjiang River (the Source of Hong Kong’s Drinking Water) and Toxicological Assay of Its Chlorination By-Products

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s00244-007-9069-2 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 597-605 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Y. Liang ◽

H. C. Hong ◽

L. H. Dong ◽

C. Y. Lan ◽

B. P. Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Natural Organic Matter ◽

Dongjiang River ◽

By Products

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Suitability of cell-wall constituents as predictors of organic matter digestibility in some tropical and subtropical by-products

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/0377-8401(82)90053-0 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 191-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. Ohlde ◽

K. Becker

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility ◽

By Products

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Characterization and Source of Trihalomethane Formation in the Secondary Effluent by Sequencing Batch Reactors

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.323 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 316-317 ◽

pp. 323-326

Author(s):

Chao Jie Zhang ◽

Si Bo Li ◽

Qian Chen ◽

Qi Zhou

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Dissolved Organic Matter ◽

Secondary Effluent ◽

Batch Reactors ◽

Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽

Human Beings ◽

By Products

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) may do harms to human beings. After disinfected by chlorine (amine), DOM can form disinfection by-products (DBPs) which can be mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic. Characterization and source of trihalomethane precursors in the secondary effluent by sequencing batch reactors were investigated. CHCl3 was the primary DBPs. The results showed that the precursors of CHCl3 were mainly strongly hydrophobic DOM, while CHCl2Br and CHClBr2 were mainly formed from hydrophilic DOM. The effects of different powder media (activated carbon, zeolite) on removal of DOM were compared. The results showed that the dosing of powder media can promote the removal of DOM and the DBPs precursors.

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