scholarly journals Cultivation of C4 perennial energy grasses on heavy metal contaminated arable land: Impact on soil, biomass, and photosynthetic traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 300-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rusinowski ◽  
J. Krzyżak ◽  
K. Sitko ◽  
H.M. Kalaji ◽  
E. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Biomass ◽  
Photosynthetic Traits

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Uptake by Novel Miscanthus Seed-Based Hybrids Cultivated in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Krzyżak ◽  
Marta Pogrzeba ◽  
Szymon Rusinowski ◽  
John Clifton-Brown ◽  
Jon Paul McCalmont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Heavy Metal Uptake ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Commercial Opportunity

Abstract When heavy metal contaminated soils are excluded from food production, biomass crops offer an alternative commercial opportunity. Perennial crops have potential for phytoremediation. Whilst the conditions at heavy metal contaminated sites are challenging, successful phytoremediation would bring significant economic and social benefits. Seed-based Miscanthus hybrids were tested alongside the commercial clone Miscanthus × giganteus on arable land, contaminated with Pb, Cd and Zn near Katowice. Before the randomized experimental plots were established (25m2 plots with plant density 2/m2) ‘time-zero’ soil samples were taken to determine initial levels of total (aqua regia) and bioavailable (CaCl2 extraction) concentration of Pb, Cd and Zn. After the growing season plant material was sampled during autumn (October, green harvest) and winter (March, brown harvest) to determine differences in heavy metal uptake. Results after the first growing season are presented, including the plot establishment success, biomass yield and heavy metal uptake.

scholarly journals Heavy metal content of Swedish municipal wastewater sludge – status and goals

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mattsson ◽  
A. Finnson ◽  
D. I'Ons
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Source Management

In 2014, 25% of the sludge produced at Swedish municipal wastewater treatment plants was applied to agricultural land. Even though the Swedish heavy metal limits for sludge to be used in agriculture are amongst the most stringent in the EU, more stringent heavy metal limits are proposed. Most sludge applied to agricultural land is recycled within a certification system, Revaq. Revaq has targets for control at source management and improvement of sludge quality. Statistics based on data collected within the Revaq system was used to differentiate between local and general sources of heavy metals and assess the need to improve sludge quality. The analysis indicates that proposed future national limits on the quality of the sludge can be met by most of the sludge. The improvement needed for about 20% of the sludge is feasible through local control at source management. The levels of cadmium, copper and mercury need to be reduced if these metals are not to limit the amount of sludge that may be applied per unit area of arable land. Finally, the long term Revaq targets for cadmium and silver will be difficult to meet.

Energy Crop at Heavy Metal-Contaminated Arable Land as an Alternative for Food and Feed Production: Biomass Quantity and Quality

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Pogrzeba ◽  
Jacek Krzyżak ◽  
Szymon Rusinowski ◽  
Jon Paul McCalmont ◽  
Elaine Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Food And Feed

Complementary Z-Contrast Imaging and Digital Image Processing

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
K. N. Colonna ◽  
G. Oliphant
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Biological Imaging ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Z Contrast

Harmonious use of Z-contrast imaging and digital image processing as an analytical imaging tool was developed and demonstrated in studying the elemental constitution of human and maturing rabbit spermatozoa. Due to its analog origin (Fig. 1), the Z-contrast image offers information unique to the science of biological imaging. Despite the information and distinct advantages it offers, the potential of Z-contrast imaging is extremely limited without the application of techniques of digital image processing. For the first time in biological imaging, this study demonstrates the tremendous potential involved in the complementary use of Z-contrast imaging and digital image processing.Imaging in the Z-contrast mode is powerful for three distinct reasons, the first of which involves tissue preparation. It affords biologists the opportunity to visualize biological tissue without the use of heavy metal fixatives and stains. For years biologists have used heavy metal components to compensate for the limited electron scattering properties of biological tissue.

Recent Progress In High-Resolution Shadowing For Biological Transmission Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 510-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Gross ◽  
Katarina Krusche ◽  
Peter Tittmann
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Vacuum Equipment ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Residual Gas ◽  
Backing Layer

Freeze-drying followed by heavy metal shadowing is a long established and straight forward approach to routinely study the structure of dehydrated macromolecules. Very thin specimens such as isolated membranes or single macromolecules are directly adsorbed on C-coated grids. After rapid freezing the grids are transferred into a suitable vacuum equipment for freeze-drying and heavy metal shadowing.To improve the resolution power of shadowing films we introduced shadowing at very low specimen temperature (−250°C). To routinely do that without the danger of contamination we developed in collaboration with Balzers an UHV (p≤10-9 mbar) machine (BAF500K, Fig.2). It should be mentioned here that at −250°C the specimen surface acts as effective cryopump for practically all impinging residual gas molecules from the residual gas atmosphere.Common high resolution shadowing films (Pt/C, Ta/W) have to be protected from alterations due to air contact by a relatively thick C-backing layer, when transferred via atmospheric conditions into the TEM. Such an additional C-coat contributes disturbingly to the contrast at high resolution.

Heavy Metal Tales

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
WILLIAM G. WILKOFF
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal
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