CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH MAINTENANCE IN AGING INDIVIDUALS: THE IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSGENDER MEN AND WOMEN ON HORMONE THERAPY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Slack ◽  
Joshua D. Safer
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Transgender Men

scholarly journals Testosterone therapy masculinizes speech and gender presentation in transgender men

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn R. Hodges-Simeon ◽  
Graham P. O. Grail ◽  
Graham Albert ◽  
Matti D. Groll ◽  
Cara E. Stepp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Testosterone Therapy ◽  
Voice Change ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Presentation ◽  
Transgender Men

AbstractVoice is one of the most noticeably dimorphic traits in humans and plays a central role in gender presentation. Transgender males seeking to align internal identity and external gender expression frequently undergo testosterone (T) therapy to masculinize their voices and other traits. We aimed to determine the importance of changes in vocal masculinity for transgender men and to determine the effectiveness of T therapy at masculinizing three speech parameters: fundamental frequency (i.e., pitch) mean and variation (fo and fo-SD) and estimated vocal tract length (VTL) derived from formant frequencies. Thirty transgender men aged 20 to 40 rated their satisfaction with traits prior to and after T therapy and contributed speech samples and salivary T. Similar-aged cisgender men and women contributed speech samples for comparison. We show that transmen viewed voice change as critical to transition success compared to other masculine traits. However, T therapy may not be sufficient to fully masculinize speech: while fo and fo-SD were largely indistinguishable from cismen, VTL was intermediate between cismen and ciswomen. fo was correlated with salivary T, and VTL associated with T therapy duration. This argues for additional approaches, such as behavior therapy and/or longer duration of hormone therapy, to improve speech transition.

Effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on sexual function of transgender men and women

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. S690
Author(s):  
M. Garcia ◽  
M. Zaliznyak ◽  
M. Lauzon ◽  
J. Stelmar ◽  
N. Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Transgender Men

The Desire and Status of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy and Surgery in Transgender Men and Women in China: A National Population Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2291-2298
Author(s):  
Ye Liu ◽  
Ying Xin ◽  
Ji Qi ◽  
Haining Wang ◽  
Tianpei Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Population Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Population ◽  
Transgender Men

scholarly journals Elucidating the Relationship Between Insomnia, Sex, and Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 247028972098001
Author(s):  
Rebecca Leeds ◽  
Ari Shechter ◽  
Carmela Alcantara ◽  
Brooke Aggarwal ◽  
John Usseglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sex Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality have been attributed to differences in pathophysiology between men and women and to disparities in CVD management that disproportionately affect women compared to men. Similarly, there has been investigation of differences in the prevalence and presentation of insomnia attributable to sex. Few studies have examined how sex and insomnia interact to influence CVD outcomes, however. In this review, we summarize the literature on sex-specific differences in the prevalence and presentation of insomnia as well as existing research regarding the relationship between insomnia and CVD outcomes as it pertains to sex. Research to date indicate that women are more likely to have insomnia than men, and there appear to be differential associations in the relation between insomnia and CVD by sex. We posit potential mechanisms of the relationship between sex, insomnia and CVD, discuss gaps in the existing literature, and provide commentary on future research needed in this area. Unraveling the complex relations between sex, insomnia, and CVD may help to explain sex-specific differences in CVD, and identify sex-specific strategies for promotion of cardiovascular health. Throughout this review, terms “men” and “women” are used as they are in the source literature, which does not differentiate between sex and gender. The implications of this are also discussed.

scholarly journals ET-1 as a Sex-Specific Mechanism Impacting Age-Related Changes in Vascular Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew V. Kuczmarski ◽  
Laura M. Welti ◽  
Kerrie L. Moreau ◽  
Megan M. Wenner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Related

Aging is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Globally, the population of adults over the age of 60 is expected to double by the year 2050. CVD prevalence and mortality rates differ between men and women as they age in part due to sex-specific mechanisms impacting the biological processes of aging. Measures of vascular function offer key insights into cardiovascular health. Changes in vascular function precede changes in CVD prevalence rates in men and women and with aging. A key mechanism underlying these changes in vascular function is the endothelin (ET) system. Studies have demonstrated sex and sex hormone effects on endothelin-1 (ET-1), and its receptors ETA and ETB. However, with aging there is a dysregulation of this system resulting in an imbalance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction. Thus, ET-1 may play a role in the sex differences observed with vascular aging. While most research has been conducted in pre-clinical animal models, we describe more recent translational data in humans showing that the ET system is an important regulator of vascular dysfunction with aging and acts through sex-specific ET receptor mechanisms. In this review, we present translational evidence (cell, tissue, animal, and human) that the ET system is a key mechanism regulating sex-specific changes in vascular function with aging, along with therapeutic interventions to reduce ET-mediated vascular dysfunction associated with aging. More knowledge on the factors responsible for the sex differences with vascular aging allow for optimized therapeutic strategies to attenuate CVD risk in the expanding aging population.

Abstract P366: Examining the Impact of Captivity in Men and Women on the Slaves Returning to South Sudan

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Feldman ◽  
Cholene Espinoza ◽  
Brian J Beckord ◽  
Niketa Kumar ◽  
William Chaplin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
South Sudanese ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Health Assessments ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Impact

Background: South Sudan became an independent state on July 9 2011, after having endured two civil wars with Republic of the Sudan lasting 51 years. Over the 51 years approximately 300,000 South Sudanese were abducted and in held in captivity in the Republic of the Sudan. The South Sudanese abductees suffered abuse and deprivation. Presently it is estimated that 35,000 are still in captivity. Assessing the health status of returning South Sudanese citizens immediately after their return is imperative. The aim of this report is to examine the effect of captivity on heart rate, (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and basic chemistry panel between men and women. Methods: In March of 2013, an American medical team performed health assessments for 48 hours in the state of Bahr el Gazal located in the northwest region of South Sudan. All returnees received health assessments within four days of their return. Health assessments defined as returnees’ demographics, along with their full history and physical examination. During physical exam height, weight, SBP, DBP, and HR, electrolytes and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were recorded and analyzed. Results: Analysis was run on 186 participants, 50.5% (94) male, and 49.5% (92) female. Females were significantly younger at age of abduction, whereas men spent a significantly longer time in captivity (Table). SBP and DBP were significantly higher in males compared to females, even after adjusting for Age (p = 0.002, p = 0.036). HR was significantly less in males compared with females, even when adjusting for age (p < 0.001). BUN was significantly lower in females compared to males adjusting for age (p < 0.001) Conclusion: Although a majority of measurements in both men and women slaves returning to South Sudan fell within normal ranges, it is crucial to continue to monitor this group’s cardiovascular health because their deprivation while in captivity may have significantly impacted their health and risk for long term cardiovascular disease.

PrEP Uptake and Discontinuation Among a U.S. National Sample of Transgender Men and Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagan Zarwell ◽  
Steven A. John ◽  
Drew Westmoreland ◽  
Chloe Mirzayi ◽  
David W. Pantalone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Sample ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Transgender Men
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