scholarly journals Testosterone therapy masculinizes speech and gender presentation in transgender men

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn R. Hodges-Simeon ◽  
Graham P. O. Grail ◽  
Graham Albert ◽  
Matti D. Groll ◽  
Cara E. Stepp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Testosterone Therapy ◽  
Voice Change ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Presentation ◽  
Transgender Men

AbstractVoice is one of the most noticeably dimorphic traits in humans and plays a central role in gender presentation. Transgender males seeking to align internal identity and external gender expression frequently undergo testosterone (T) therapy to masculinize their voices and other traits. We aimed to determine the importance of changes in vocal masculinity for transgender men and to determine the effectiveness of T therapy at masculinizing three speech parameters: fundamental frequency (i.e., pitch) mean and variation (fo and fo-SD) and estimated vocal tract length (VTL) derived from formant frequencies. Thirty transgender men aged 20 to 40 rated their satisfaction with traits prior to and after T therapy and contributed speech samples and salivary T. Similar-aged cisgender men and women contributed speech samples for comparison. We show that transmen viewed voice change as critical to transition success compared to other masculine traits. However, T therapy may not be sufficient to fully masculinize speech: while fo and fo-SD were largely indistinguishable from cismen, VTL was intermediate between cismen and ciswomen. fo was correlated with salivary T, and VTL associated with T therapy duration. This argues for additional approaches, such as behavior therapy and/or longer duration of hormone therapy, to improve speech transition.

Changes in the Human Vocal Tract Due to Aging and the Acoustic Correlates of Speech Production

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve An Xue ◽  
Grace Jianping Hao
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Acoustic Reflection ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Age Related

This investigation used a derivation of acoustic reflection (AR) technology to make cross-sectional measurements of changes due to aging in the oral and pharyngeal lumina of male and female speakers. The purpose of the study was to establish preliminary normative data for such changes and to obtain acoustic measurements of changes due to aging in the formant frequencies of selected spoken vowels and their long-term average spectra (LTAS) analysis. Thirty- eight young men and women and 38 elderly men and women were involved in the study. The oral and pharyngeal lumina of the participants were measured with AR technology, and their formant frequencies were analyzed using the Kay Elemetrics Computerized Speech Lab. The findings have delineated specific and similar patterns of aging changes in human vocal tract configurations in speakers of both genders. Namely, the oral cavity length and volume of elderly speakers increased significantly compared to their young cohorts. The total vocal tract volume of elderly speakers also showed a significant increment, whereas the total vocal tract length of elderly speakers did not differ significantly from their young cohorts. Elderly speakers of both genders also showed similar patterns of acoustic changes of speech production, that is, consistent lowering of formant frequencies (especially F1) across selected vowel productions. Although new research models are still needed to succinctly account for the speech acoustic changes of the elderly, especially for their specific patterns of human vocal tract dimensional changes, this study has innovatively applied the noninvasive and cost-effective AR technology to monitor age-related human oral and pharyngeal lumina changes that have direct consequences for speech production.

Genital Self-Image and Aesthetic Genital Surgeries: Novel Perspectives Across the Cisgender and Transgender Spectrum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Patient Reported Measures ◽  
Transgender Men

Abstract Genital focused body image concerns or negative genital self-image is a common experience across the gender spectrum, including cisgender and transgender populations. Such concerns can result in lower psychological and sexual well-being. In this article, it is proposed that the development of genital self-image concerns may be partly explained by the theoretical framework of cisgenderism. This theory proposes that there are only two genders – men and women – and these are dictated solely by the appearance of the genitals. Any deviation from these two categories can result in discrimination, which particularly impacts transgender individuals. An increasing number of cisgender and transgender people are seeking out aesthetic genital procedures to alleviate genital self-image concerns (and gender dysphoria in transgender populations). The growing body of research suggests that cisgender and transgender men and women are relatively satisfied with the results of their genital procedures. However, this research is limited by a lack of standardized and validated patient-reported measures to evaluate surgical outcomes. Furthermore, despite negative genital self-image being a key motivator for surgery, it is often not included as an outcome measure. In this article, recommendations are proposed for conducting higher quality evaluation studies of aesthetic genital procedures in cisgender and transgender populations. Moreover, future research and clinical directions are suggested to assist transgender men and women who choose not to undergo genital gender confirmation surgery. The vast majority of transgender individuals do not have this surgery and so are in great need of support in managing their gender dysphoria and negative genital self-image.

Identity Reassurance Theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-53
Author(s):  
Michelson and
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Transgender Men

Many Americans are uncomfortable with transgender people and rights, and changing those attitudes requires a new approach. This chapter describes Identity Reassurance Theory, a method of helping targets of persuasion shift their attitudes to better align with their preexisting senses of themselves as moral human beings. The chapter also includes key definitions and background about public opinion about various sexual orientations and gender identities, including differences in attitudes toward transgender men and women in different scenarios and environments. Other data explore levels of and predictors of attitudes toward transgender people and rights.

Effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on sexual function of transgender men and women

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. S690
Author(s):  
M. Garcia ◽  
M. Zaliznyak ◽  
M. Lauzon ◽  
J. Stelmar ◽  
N. Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Transgender Men

The Desire and Status of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy and Surgery in Transgender Men and Women in China: A National Population Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2291-2298
Author(s):  
Ye Liu ◽  
Ying Xin ◽  
Ji Qi ◽  
Haining Wang ◽  
Tianpei Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Population Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Population ◽  
Transgender Men

scholarly journals Impact of Exogenous Testosterone on Reproduction in Transgender Men

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly B Moravek ◽  
Hadrian M Kinnear ◽  
Jenny George ◽  
Jourdin Batchelor ◽  
Ariella Shikanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Testosterone Therapy ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Androgen Exposure ◽  
Transgender Men

Abstract Studies show that a subset of transgender men desire children; however, there is a paucity of literature on the effect of gender-affirming testosterone therapy on reproductive function. In this manuscript, we will review the process of gender-affirming hormone therapy for transgender men and what is known about ovarian and uterine consequences of testosterone exposure in transgender men; draw parallels with existing animal models of androgen exposure; summarize the existing literature on parenting experiences and desires in transgender people; discuss considerations for assisted reproductive technologies and fertility preservation; and identify gaps in the literature and opportunities for further research.

Preventive Health for Transgender Men and Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (05) ◽  
pp. 426-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Graf ◽  
Kaitlyn McCune ◽  
Katherine Imborek
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Health ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electronic Medical Record Systems ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Transgender Men

AbstractTransgender men and women experience an incongruity between their assigned sex at birth and their identified gender. Gender dysphoria is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) as clinically significant distress or impairment resulting from misalignment in assigned and experienced gender. Transgender people have a history of negative experiences in health care and efforts should be made to create a welcoming environment through staff training, gender neutral restrooms, and gender inclusive electronic medical record systems. Transgender men and women face unique preventive health concerns in areas of metabolic screening, cancer screening, immunizations, and anticipatory guidance secondary to cross-sex hormone therapy, gender confirming surgical procedures, and certain high-risk behaviors. Here, the available data are reviewed and suggested best practices are outlined to optimize the preventive health for this patient population.

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