Fluoride sensitivity in freshwater snail, Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck, 1882): An integrative biomarker response assessment of behavioral indices, oxygen consumption, haemocyte and tissue protein levels under environmentally relevant exposure concentrations

2021 ◽  
pp. 103789
Author(s):  
Kishore Dhara ◽  
Shubhajit Saha ◽  
Azubuike V. Chukwuka ◽  
Prasenjit Pal ◽  
Nimai Chandra Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Behavioral Indices ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
Bellamya Bengalensis

Effect of temperature on the P4501A response in winter- and summer-acclimated Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) after oral benzo[a]pyrene exposure

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1370-1375
Author(s):  
Even H Jørgensen ◽  
Johannes Wolkers
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
P450 Enzyme ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

In this study, the time-dependent P450 response to oral benzo[a]pyrene exposure at 1 and 10°C was investigated in winter- and summer-acclimated Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). In both seasons, a strong induction of CYP1A activities and protein levels (measured only in the winter experiment) were seen at both 1 and 10°C. At 1°C, the responses were delayed and more long-lasting than at 10°C. No within-season difference between 1 and 10°C in the magnitude of the induction response was found, but due to elevated baseline CYP1A activities, the induction response was seven times lower in winter- as compared with the response in summer-acclimated Arctic char. The results show that the CYP1A enzymes of the Arctic char respond to temperature changes in a compensatory way, and they are promising with respect to the applicability of the P450 enzyme system of the Arctic char as a biomarker for monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in high-latitude environments. More studies are needed, however, to reveal seasonal differences in the biomarker response to pollutants.

Role of nitric oxide in the coupling of myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary vascular dynamics during pregnancy in the dog

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. H2479-H2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Williams ◽  
Tibisay Rincon-Skinner ◽  
Dong Sun ◽  
Zipping Wang ◽  
Suhua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Myocardial Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Enalapril Maleate ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Nitrite Production

We examined the ability of cardiac endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to couple myocardial oxygen consumption (MV̇o2) and oxygen delivery during pregnancy. Awake dogs were studied using echocardiography before and at 40 days, 50 days, and 60 days (60D) of pregnancy and at ∼14 days postpartum. Left ventricular eNOS, phosphorylated eNOS, and copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD or SOD-1) were determined by immunoblotting. MV̇o2 of left ventricular tissue samples was measured in vitro in response to increasing doses of bradykinin, enalapril maleate, and amlodipine. We examined the changes in passive diameter and flow-dependant arteriolar dilation of coronary arterioles. Echocardiography indicated increases in cardiac output (∼60%) during pregnancy. Myocardial eNOS (21 ± 4%), phosphorylated eNOS (19 ± 3%), and SOD-1 (61 ± 2.7%) protein levels were significantly increased at 60D. Bradykinin, enalapril maleate, and amlodipine (10−4 mol/l) decreased MV̇o2 in a nitric oxide-dependant manner (by 24 ± 1.3% in controls and 34 ± 2.2% at 60D; by 21 ± 1.1% in controls and 29 ± 1.1 at 60D; and by 22 ± 2.5% in controls and 26 ± 1.0% at 60D, respectively). Arterioles from pregnant dogs showed increased flow-dependant dilation in response to increased shear stress and larger passive diameter. Nitrite production was stimulated by bradykinin and carbachol in microvessels in vitro; pregnancy enhanced nitrite release. Myocardial eNOS, phosphorylated eNOS, and SOD-1 protein expression are increased during pregnancy, and this increase is associated with enhanced nitric oxide-dependant control of MV̇o2. Thus increases in eNOS and SOD-1 promote the coupling of oxygen delivery and efficiency in the heart during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and energetics in the diabetic renal proximal tubule by the β2-adrenergic receptor agonist formoterol

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (5) ◽  
pp. F773-F779
Author(s):  
Kristan H. Cleveland ◽  
Frank C. Brosius ◽  
Rick G. Schnellmann
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Renal Proximal Tubule ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor Agonist

Diabetes is a prevalent metabolic disease that contributes to ∼50% of all end-stage renal disease and has limited treatment options. We previously demonstrated that the β2-adrenergic receptor agonist formoterol induced mitochondrial biogenesis and promoted recovery from acute kidney injury. Here, we assessed the effects of formoterol on mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamics in renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs) treated with high glucose and in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. RPTCs exposed to 17 mM glucose exhibited increased electron transport chain (ETC) complex I, II, III, and V protein levels and reduced ATP levels and uncoupled oxygen consumption rate compared with RPTCs cultured in the absence of glucose or osmotic controls after 96 h. ETC proteins, ATP, and oxygen consumption rate were restored in RPTCs treated with formoterol. RPTCs exposed to high glucose had increased phospho-dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a mitochondrial fission protein, and decreased mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), a mitochondrial fusion protein. Formoterol treatment restored phospho-Drp1 and Mfn1 to control levels. Db/ db and nondiabetic ( db/m) mice (10 wk old) were treated with formoterol or vehicle for 3 wk and euthanized. Db/ db mice showed increased renal cortical ETC protein levels in complexes I, III, and V and decreased ATP; these changes were prevented by formoterol. Phospho-Drp1 was increased and Mfn1 was decreased in db/ db mice, and formoterol restored both to control levels. Together, these findings demonstrate that hyperglycemic conditions in vivo and exposure of RPTCs to high glucose similarly alter mitochondrial bioenergetic and dynamics profiles and that treatment with formoterol can reverse these effects. Formoterol may be a promising strategy for treating early stages of diabetic kidney disease.

scholarly journals Trematode cercariae infections in freshwater snails of Chitwan district, central Nepal

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Devkota ◽  
Prem Bahadur Budha ◽  
Ranjana Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Temporary Ponds ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Melanoides Tuberculata ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Pila Globosa ◽  
Indoplanorbis Exustus ◽  
Bellamya Bengalensis

Because Nepal has been virtually unexplored with respect to its trematode fauna, we sampled freshwater snails from grazing swamps, lakes, rivers, swamp forests, and temporary ponds in the Chitwan district of central Nepal between July and October 2008. Altogether we screened 1,448 individuals of nine freshwater snail species (Bellamya bengalensis, Gabbia orcula, Gyraulus euphraticus, Indoplanorbis exustus, Lymnaea luteola, Melanoides tuberculata, Pila globosa, Thiara granifera and Thiara lineata) for shedding cercariae. A total of 4.3% (N=62) infected snails were found, distributed among the snail species as follows (B. bengalensis - 1, G. orcula - 11, G. euphraticus - 8, I. exustus - 39, L. luteola - 2 and T. granifera - 1). Collectively, six morphologically distinguishable types of trematode cercariae were found: amphistomes, brevifurcate-apharyngeate (likely mammalian schistosomes), clinostome, gymnocephalus (likely fasciolid), longifurcate-pharyngeate and xiphidiocercaria. I. exustus had the highest prevalence of trematode infection, and harbored all the noted cercarial types except gymnocephalus cercariae. One double infection (xiphidiocercaria and longifurcate-pharyngeate cercaria) was found in this snail. Amphistome cercariae were common in G. euphraticus, G. orcula, and I. exustus. The highest prevalence of infection (38.3%) was recorded among snails collected from temporary ponds.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjs.v7i9.2183 Himalayan Journal of Sciences Vol.7 Issue 9 2011 pp.9-14

scholarly journals Mucin Reactivity after Acute Exposure to Mercury and Zinc Chloride in Neurocytes of Freshwater Snail Bellamya bengalensis: A Histochemical Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sunil Londhe ◽  
Nitin Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Cerebral Neurons ◽  
Scanty Information ◽  
Connective Tissue Sheath ◽  
Bellamya Bengalensis

Central nervous system (CNS) of gastropods is extensively studied for its pathology and immunocytology; there is scanty information on histochemical alterations in neuronal cells due to heavy metal. This study was designed to investigate histochemical alterations in cerebral neurons of freshwater snail Bellamya bengalensis after intoxication with mercuric chloride (HgCl2) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2). As per chemical components cerebral ganglia of Bellamya bengalensis showed three different zones, namely, periganglionic connective tissue sheath, interperikaryonal space, and neuropil. After intoxication, increased acidic content in extracellular matrix (ECM) of neuronal cells was found. These alterations were directly proportional to time of exposure period. From results, HgCl2 proved its highly toxic nature over chemical composition of cerebral neuronal cells of freshwater snail Bellamya bengalensis compared to ZnCl2 intoxication.

Changes in tissue protein levels as a result of endurance exercise

Life Sciences ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 845-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lynis Dohm ◽  
Fernando R. Puente ◽  
Carlton P. Smith ◽  
Ave Edge
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Protein Levels

scholarly journals Boric acid toxicity in some selected molluscan species

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaikwad J.S ◽  
Gaikwad S.S ◽  
Kamble N.A
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Acid Toxicity ◽  
Molluscan Species ◽  
Bellamya Bengalensis

: Survivability of animals is correlated with their fecundity and fertility success. Widespread use of enormous organic and inorganic ingredients as pesticides, molluscicides and insecticides contaminate ecosystems leading to hazardous effects on the life cycle of animals, their biological processes and reproduction. Present work aimed for toxicity assessment of boric acid against some selected molluscan species through evaluation of their mortality by determination of LC50. For toxicity assessment three different molluscan species were used. By applying standard procedure, LC50 was estimated at different concentrations of boric acid for different exposure periods. This study indicated that freshwater snail Bellamya bengalensis was more sensitive for boric acid, whereas slug, Semperula maculate was least sensitive against boric acid after different period of exposure.

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