ADHD and addictive disorders: What links?

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (S2) ◽  
pp. S28-S28
Author(s):  
M. Fatseas
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Complicated Course ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Relationship Of

The links between ADHD and addictive disorders have been the subject of a large number of studies showing a high prevalence rate of ADHD in substance abusing populations as well as an increased risk of substance use disorder (SUD) in ADHD patients that may be independent of other psychiatric conditions. High prevalence of ADHD has also been highlighted among individuals suffering from other addictive disorders such as pathological gambling. Adequate diagnosis of ADHD in SUD patients is challenged by phenomenological aspects of addiction and by frequently associated other psychiatric disorders that overlap with key symptoms of ADHD. A detailed comprehensive search for child and adult symptoms including the temporal relationship of ADHD, substance use and other psychiatric disorders should maximize the validity and the reliability of adult ADHD diagnosis in this population. Further, a follow-up evaluation of ADHD symptoms during treatment of SUD may reduce the likelihood of misdiagnosis. Finally, it should be noticed that when SUD occurs with ADHD, it is associated with a greater severity of SUD compared to other SUD patients. This has been shown with an earlier age at onset, antisocial behavior, risk for depression, chronicity of substance use, need for hospitalization and likelihood of a complicated course. Recent data suggest that the effects of ADHD on SUD outcomes are independent of other psychiatric comorbidities. This highlights the need of an earlier implementation of preventive interventions for substance use or behavioral addiction in children/adolescents with ADHD and the necessity to consider this disorder in the treatment of addictive disorders. Benefices and risk of MPH in adult patients with addiction and ADHD are discussed.

scholarly journals Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in South Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Soraya Seedat ◽  
Allen Herman ◽  
Hashim Moomal ◽  
Steven G. Heeringa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence

BackgroundData on the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in South Africa are of interest, not only for the purposes of developing evidence-based mental health policy, but also in view of South Africa's particular historical and demographic circumstances.MethodA nationally representative household survey was conducted between 2002 and 2004 using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to generate diagnoses. The data-set analysed included 4351 adult South Africans of all ethnic groups.ResultsLifetime prevalence of DSM–IV/CIDI disorders was determined for anxiety disorders (15.8%), mood disorders (9.8%), substance use disorders (13.4%) and any disorder (30.3%). Lifetime prevalence of substance use disorders differed significantly across ethnic groups. Median age at onset was earlier for substance use disorders (21 years) than for anxiety disorders (32 years) or mood disorders (37 years).ConclusionsIn comparison with data from other countries, South Africa has a particularly high lifetime prevalence of substance use disorders. These disorders have an early age at onset, providing an important target for the planning of local mental health services.

scholarly journals The relationship between problem gambling and substance use among American adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Loredana A. Marchica ◽  
Tina Giordano ◽  
William Ivoska ◽  
Jeffrey L Derevensky
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Gambling Problem ◽  
Problem Gambler ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Adolescence is a developmental period marked by increased engagement in risky behaviors, including substance use and gambling. Previous research has consistently shown an increased risk of problem gambling among people with substance use disorders, however few studies have addressed the differences in problem gambling across the various substance types. Using data from the 2018 Alcohol, Drug Addiction and Mental Health Services (ADAMHS) Board/Wood County Educational Service Center Survey on Alcohol and Other Drug Use among junior high and high school adolescents in Wood County, Ohio, this study sought to understand the relationship and comorbidity levels between various substances used and problem gambling among American adolescents. Further, the current study aimed to test the effects of substance use on the likelihood of being identified as a problem gambler. Results indicated that individuals at-risk or reporting gambling problems were significantly more likely to regularly smoke marijuana, ingest painkillers, consume alcohol, and engage in binge drinking. Additionally, adolescents who regularly consumed alcohol or painkillers were twice as likely to be identified as being at-risk for a gambling problem. This study sheds light on the importance of assessing for comorbid addictive disorders in order to optimize treatment options for adolescents.

Guidelines for Managing ADHD and Substance Use Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S55-S55
Author(s):  
F. Matthys
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Relapse Rates

Guideline for managing ADHD and substance use disorders (SUD)Frieda Matthys, MD, PhD.BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of ADHD in adults with SUD and the availability of an approved guideline, under diagnosis and inadequate treatment still persist. This comorbidity associates with reduced treatment effectiveness, making successful treatment in adults with ADHD and SUD a challenge.MethodsThe guideline of 2010 for recognizing and treating adult ADHD in patients with SUD is updated in 2016, in cooperation with caregivers, of the addiction centers in Belgium and based on research literature and clinical experience. The english translation is discussed by an international group of clinicians and experts to result in a consensus statement via ICASA (International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse).ResultsThis consensus presents a useful guide for the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD and SUD. Due to the lack of scientific evidence on some of the topics, the guide is a combination of evidence based and practice based recommendations.ConclusionThe management of ADHD in patients with SUD remains a challenge. Diagnosis is complicated by SUD symptoms and by the skepticism associated with the recognition of ADHD in adults. The treatment is hampered by high relapse rates and reduced effectiveness of the currently available pharmacotherapies. Combining psycho-and pharmacotherapy in an integrated treatment that covers both ADHD and SUD, may help to keep these patients in treatment.A Dutch manual for the integrated treatment of ADHD and SUD is being developed.Disclosure of interestHonorarium Lilly.Advisory board Johnson&Johnson.

scholarly journals Psychiatric morbidity and substance use in young people aged 13–15 years: results from the Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Boys ◽  
M. Farrell ◽  
C. Taylor ◽  
J. Marsden ◽  
R. Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundPsychoactive substance use is strongly associated with psychiatric morbidity in both adults and adolescents.AimsTo determine which of alcohol, nicotine and cannabis is most closely linked to psychiatric disorders in early adolescence.MethodData from 2624 adolescents aged 13–15 years were drawn from a national mental health survey of children. The relationship between psychiatric morbidity and smoking, drinking and cannabis use was examined by logistic regression analyses.ResultsHaving a psychiatric disorder was associated with an increased risk of substance use. Greater involvement with any one substance increased the risk of other substance use. Analyses of the interactions between smoking, drinking and cannabis use indicated that the relationship between substance use and psychiatric morbidity was primarily explained by regular smoking and (to a lesser extent) regular cannabis use.ConclusionsIn this sample, links between substance use and psychiatric disorders were primarily accounted for by smoking. The strong relationship is likely to be due to a combination of underlying individual constitutional factors and drug-specific effects resulting from consumption over the period of adolescent development and growth.

scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis of psychiatric disorder and the perpetration of partner violence

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Oram ◽  
K. Trevillion ◽  
H. Khalifeh ◽  
G. Feder ◽  
L.M. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence

Backgrounds.The extent to which psychiatric disorders are associated with an increased risk of violence to partners is unclear. This review aimed to establish risk of violence against partners among men and women with diagnosed psychiatric disorders.Methods.Systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches of eleven electronic databases were supplemented by hand searching, reference screening and citation tracking of included articles, and expert recommendations.Results.Seventeen studies were included, reporting on 72 585 participants, but only three reported on past year violence. Pooled risk estimates could not be calculated for past year violence against a partner and the three studies did not consistently report increased risk for any diagnosis. Pooled estimates showed an increased risk of having ever been physically violent towards a partner among men with depression (odds ratio (OR) 2.8, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.5–3.3), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.3–4.4) and panic disorder (OR 2.5, 95% CI C% 1.7–3.6). Increased risk was also found among women with depression (OR 2.4, 95% CI 2.1–2.8), GAD (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.9–3.0) and panic disorder (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4–2.5).Conclusions.Psychiatric disorders are associated with high prevalence and increased odds of having ever been physically violent against a partner. As history of violence is a predictor of current violence, mental health professionals should ask about previous partner violence when assessing risk.

scholarly journals Adults With Persistent ADHD: Gender and Psychiatric Comorbidities—A Population-Based Longitudinal Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouichi Yoshimasu ◽  
William J. Barbaresi ◽  
Robert C. Colligan ◽  
Robert G. Voigt ◽  
Jill M. Killian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate associations between ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders among adults from a population-based birth cohort. Method: Participants were recruited from all children born between 1976 and 1982 remaining in Rochester, Minnesota, after age 5. Participants with childhood ADHD ( n = 232; M age = 27.0 years; 72% men) and non-ADHD controls ( n = 335; M age = 28.6 years; 63% men) completed a structured interview (M.I.N.I. International Neuropsychiatric Interview) assessing current ADHD status and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Results: Among 232 with childhood ADHD, 68 (49 men, 19 women) had persistent adult ADHD. Compared with non-ADHD controls and non-persistent ADHD participants, adults with persistent ADHD were significantly more likely to have any or each of 12 psychiatric comorbidities. The associations retained significant or marginally significant when stratified by gender. Externalizing psychiatric disorders were more common in men (74%) and internalizing disorders in women (58%). Conclusion: Persistent ADHD is associated with an increased risk of comorbid psychiatric disorders in adult men and women.

Interventions to improve lifestyle and quality of life in patients with concurrent mental illness and substance use

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s867-s867 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Juel ◽  
C.B. Kristiansen ◽  
P. Munk-Jørgensen ◽  
P. Hjorth
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Health Promotion Programme ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundPatients with co-existence of psychiatric disorders and substance use have an increased risk of premature death. This is attributable to a higher prevalence of physical comorbidities and the lifestyle related to substance use. Furthermore, they experience low quality of life (QoL). Studies addressing lifestyle interventions for these patients are warranted.AimsTo investigate the physical health and QoL in patients with co-existence of psychiatric disorders and substance use, and to analyse for changes in their (a) health, (b) substance use and (c) QoL after a 24-month health-promotion programme. Further aims were to investigate associations between (a) QoL and number of interventions, (b) QoL and patient characteristics and (c) QoL and length of participation in the intervention.MethodsIn this naturalistic cohort study, 64 non-selected patients were engaged in health-promoting interventions added to contemporary treatments. QoL and clinical variables were measured at the beginning of and continuously during the programme by means of the WHOQoL-Bref questionnaire.ResultsAt enrolment, the patients’ intake of cannabis and alcohol was high. During follow-up, patients consumed significantly fewer caffeinated beverages (P = 0.038) and fast-food meals (P = 0.018), and slept significantly less (P = 0.032). The average dose of antipsychotic medication increased significantly (P = 0.015). QoL was low at enrolment but improved significantly overall (P = 0.009) and in the psychological (P = 0.020) and environmental domains (P = 0.012) at follow-up. The difference in total QoL was positively associated with the number of interventions attended.ConclusionThis programme shows promise in addressing health promotion for these patients and can easily be integrated into contemporary treatments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The effects of anxiety, substance use and conduct disorders on risk of major depressive disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1423-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. HETTEMA ◽  
C. A. PRESCOTT ◽  
K. S. KENDLER
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Hazard Rates ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Axis I Disorders ◽  
Axis I

Background. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly co-morbid with other Axis I disorders, which commonly precede its onset. We sought to determine the level and periods of risk for MDD posed by prior or co-occurring psychiatric disorders.Method. Using retrospective data from a longitudinal, population-based sample of 2926 male and 1929 female adult twin subjects, we predicted the hazard rates for MDD from a Cox proportional hazards model with same-year or prior onsets of co-morbid Axis I disorders as time-dependent covariates.Results. All axis I disorders studied (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobia, alcohol dependence, psychoactive substance use disorders and conduct disorder) significantly predicted increased risk for developing MDD. The highest hazard rates occurred for MDD onsets that co-occurred with those of the co-morbid disorder. However, the risk for onset of MDD subsequent to that of prior disorders is also significantly increased and remains relatively unchanged over time. Although the risk for onset of MDD is significantly higher in women than men, this was not explained by gender differences in prior disorder prevalence or increased sensitivity in women to the effects of prior disorders on risk for depression.Conclusions. Prior psychiatric disorders are significant risk factors for the development of MDD, independent of the length of the intervening period between the onset of the first disorder and that of MDD.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Disorders Mediates the Association between Sexual Orientation Discrimination and Substance Use Disorders among Sexual Minority Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-255
Author(s):  
Erin M. Kahle ◽  
Phil Veliz ◽  
Sean Esteban McCabe ◽  
Carol J. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Sexual Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Increased Risk

Although sexual orientation discrimination (SO-discrimination) is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric and substance use disorders (SUD) among sexual minority (SM) adults, these relationships are not well understood, particularly in the context of SUD severity. To address this gap, we assessed the direct and indirect effect of SO-discrimination and sexual identity on psychiatric disorders and SUD severity in the context of stress and resilience among SM adults. We used data from 3,494 adults reporting nonheterosexual identity, attraction, or behavior collected as part of a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of adults in the United States. Structural equation modeling assessed potential pathways between SO-discrimination, psychiatric disorders, and SUD severity. Past-year psychiatric disorders and SUD severity were significantly correlated in the multivariate model. Concordant homosexual orientation was associated with reduced risk of psychiatric disorders, but not with past-year SUD severity. SO-discrimination was significantly associated with increased risk of psychiatric disorders, but was not a significant predictor of SUD severity. Notably, SO-discrimination was not directly associated with SUD severity, but was found to have a significant indirect effect on SUD severity through psychiatric disorders. SO-discrimination was directly associated with increased risk of psychiatric disorders, and psychiatric disorders mediated the pathway between SO-discrimination and SUD severity. Since psychiatric disorders and SUD are often cooccurring, these data indicate integrated assessment strategies and dual interventions for SM populations.

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