scholarly journals The relationship between problem gambling and substance use among American adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Loredana A. Marchica ◽  
Tina Giordano ◽  
William Ivoska ◽  
Jeffrey L Derevensky
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Gambling Problem ◽  
Problem Gambler ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Adolescence is a developmental period marked by increased engagement in risky behaviors, including substance use and gambling. Previous research has consistently shown an increased risk of problem gambling among people with substance use disorders, however few studies have addressed the differences in problem gambling across the various substance types. Using data from the 2018 Alcohol, Drug Addiction and Mental Health Services (ADAMHS) Board/Wood County Educational Service Center Survey on Alcohol and Other Drug Use among junior high and high school adolescents in Wood County, Ohio, this study sought to understand the relationship and comorbidity levels between various substances used and problem gambling among American adolescents. Further, the current study aimed to test the effects of substance use on the likelihood of being identified as a problem gambler. Results indicated that individuals at-risk or reporting gambling problems were significantly more likely to regularly smoke marijuana, ingest painkillers, consume alcohol, and engage in binge drinking. Additionally, adolescents who regularly consumed alcohol or painkillers were twice as likely to be identified as being at-risk for a gambling problem. This study sheds light on the importance of assessing for comorbid addictive disorders in order to optimize treatment options for adolescents.

A controlled family study of late-onset non-affective psychosis (late paraphrenia)

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Howard ◽  
C. Graham ◽  
P. Sham ◽  
J. Dennehey ◽  
D. J. Castle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe relationship between those schizophrenia-like conditions that have their onset in late life and early-onset schizophrenia is unclear. Very few family history studies of patients with late-onset psychosis have been reported, and it is not known whether their relatives have an increased risk of psychosis.MethodInformation was collected on the psychiatric morbidity of 269 first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia or delusional disorder with an onset after the age of 60 (late paraphrenia), and 272 first-degree relatives of healthy elderly control subjects, using a research diagnostic instrument.ResultsWith a narrow age range (15–50 years) at risk, the estimated lifetime risk of schizophrenia was 1.3% in the relatives of both cases and controls. With a wider age range (15–90 years) at risk, estimated lifetime risk of schizophrenia was 2.3% for the relatives of cases, and 2.2% for the relatives of controls. However, depression was significantly more common among the relatives of cases than controls.ConclusionThose schizophrenia-like psychoses with onset in late life are not genetically associated with schizophrenia.

ADHD and addictive disorders: What links?

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (S2) ◽  
pp. S28-S28
Author(s):  
M. Fatseas
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Complicated Course ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Relationship Of

The links between ADHD and addictive disorders have been the subject of a large number of studies showing a high prevalence rate of ADHD in substance abusing populations as well as an increased risk of substance use disorder (SUD) in ADHD patients that may be independent of other psychiatric conditions. High prevalence of ADHD has also been highlighted among individuals suffering from other addictive disorders such as pathological gambling. Adequate diagnosis of ADHD in SUD patients is challenged by phenomenological aspects of addiction and by frequently associated other psychiatric disorders that overlap with key symptoms of ADHD. A detailed comprehensive search for child and adult symptoms including the temporal relationship of ADHD, substance use and other psychiatric disorders should maximize the validity and the reliability of adult ADHD diagnosis in this population. Further, a follow-up evaluation of ADHD symptoms during treatment of SUD may reduce the likelihood of misdiagnosis. Finally, it should be noticed that when SUD occurs with ADHD, it is associated with a greater severity of SUD compared to other SUD patients. This has been shown with an earlier age at onset, antisocial behavior, risk for depression, chronicity of substance use, need for hospitalization and likelihood of a complicated course. Recent data suggest that the effects of ADHD on SUD outcomes are independent of other psychiatric comorbidities. This highlights the need of an earlier implementation of preventive interventions for substance use or behavioral addiction in children/adolescents with ADHD and the necessity to consider this disorder in the treatment of addictive disorders. Benefices and risk of MPH in adult patients with addiction and ADHD are discussed.

Substance Use among Women at Risk for HIV Infection

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Wambach ◽  
Joseph B. Byers ◽  
Dianne F. Harrison ◽  
Philippa Levine ◽  
Allen W. Imershein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Increased Risk

This article reports results from a survey of culturally diverse women at risk for HIV infection in south Florida. Data concerning their substance use and its association with HIV risk behaviors are presented. Results indicate levels of consumption which exceed expectations based on general estimates of female substance use. Further, substance use was associated with specific behaviors and lifestyles which placed the women at increased risk for HIV infection.

Exploring differences in substance use among emerging adults at-risk for problem gambling, and/or problem video gaming

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin J. Mills ◽  
Loredana Marchica ◽  
Matthew T. Keough ◽  
Jeffrey L. Derevensky
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Video Gaming ◽  
Problem Video Gaming

Understanding the Relationship Between Sports-Relevant Gambling and Being At-Risk for a Gambling Problem Among American Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Marchica ◽  
Yaxi Zhao ◽  
Jeffrey Derevensky ◽  
William Ivoska
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Gambling Problem ◽  
The Relationship

Peer Crowd Identification and Adolescent Health Behaviors: Results From a Statewide Representative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Jordan ◽  
Carolyn A. Stalgaitis ◽  
John Charles ◽  
Patrick A. Madden ◽  
Anjana G. Radhakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Peer Crowds

Purpose. Peer crowds are macro-level subcultures that share similarities across geographic areas. Over the past decade, dozens of studies have explored the association between adolescent peer crowds and risk behaviors, and how they can inform public health efforts. However, despite the interest, researchers have not yet reported on crowd size and risk levels from a representative sample, making it difficult for practitioners to apply peer crowd science to interventions. The current study reports findings from the first statewide representative sample of adolescent peer crowd identification and health behaviors. Methods. Weighted data were analyzed from the 2015 Virginia Youth Survey of Health Behaviors ( n = 4,367). Peer crowds were measured via the I-Base Survey™, a photo-based peer crowd survey instrument. Frequencies and confidence intervals of select behaviors including tobacco use, substance use, nutrition, physical activity, and violence were examined to identify high- and low-risk crowds. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios for each crowd and behavior. Results. Risky behaviors clustered in two peer crowds. Hip Hop crowd identification was associated with substance use, violence, and some depression and suicidal behaviors. Alternative crowd identification was associated with increased risk for some substance use behaviors, depression and suicide, bullying, physical inactivity, and obesity. Mainstream and, to a lesser extent, Popular, identities were associated with decreased risk for most behaviors. Conclusions. Findings from the first representative study of peer crowds and adolescent behavior identify two high-risk groups, providing critical insights for practitioners seeking to maximize public health interventions by targeting high-risk crowds.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Problem Gambling Among Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clients and Counsellors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E Wall ◽  
Cassandra R Durand ◽  
Hana Machover ◽  
Rachel Arnold ◽  
Haley A Miles-McLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Structured Interviews

Problem gambling is highly prevalent and rarely treated among clients who attend methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs). Compared with those of the general population, rates of gambling disorder have been found to be elevated among individuals receiving methadone maintenance treatment. Our study aims were to (a) develop a clearer understanding of the gambling experience of clients and counsellors at a methadone clinic and (b) gain insight into the current treatment options and obstacles to treatment in the clinic. Semi-structured interviews focusing on gambling issues were conducted with 8 clients and 8 counsellors at an MMTP located in an urban area. Participants were asked questions to gain an understanding about their perspectives on, treatment options for, and treatment barriers to problem gambling in the clinic. Data were coded by 4 investigators by using a constant comparison, open coding approach. The findings revealed important differences between clients and counsellors: Opinions differed on the definition of problem gambling, obstacles to treatment, and optimal treatment settings. Clients and counsellors also agreed on some elements, including the negative impact that problem gambling can have on recovery from substance use. This examination of responses of counsellors and client feedback provides a useful mechanism to better understand problem gambling in MMTPs.  In addition, the findings have important clinical implications, including a need for more effective screening and treatment in MMTPs and to provide substance use counsellors with training related to problem gambling.RésuméLe jeu compulsif est hautement répandu et rarement traité parmi les clients qui suivent un programme de traitement d’entretien à la méthadone. Comparés à ceux de la population en général, les taux de jeu pathologique ont jugé élevés chez les personnes qui suivent un tel traitement. Les objectifs de notre étude étaient de deux ordres : a) mieux comprendre l’expérience de jeu des clients et les connaissances en cette matière des conseillers d’une clinique de traitement à la méthadone, et b) avoir une meilleure compréhension des options de traitement actuelles et des obstacles au traitement en clinique. Des entretiens semi-structurés portant sur les problèmes de jeu ont été menés auprès de 8 clients et de 8 conseillers dans un centre de traitement, situé en zone urbaine. On a posé des questions aux participants pour mieux comprendre leurs points de vue sur les options et les obstacles au traitement contre le jeu problématique à la clinique. Les données ont été codées par quatre chercheurs en utilisant une approche de codification ouverte à comparaison constante. Les résultats ont révélé des différences importantes entre les clients et les conseillers : les opinions divergeaient quant à la définition du jeu problématique, les obstacles au traitement et les paramètres de traitement optimaux. Les clients et les conseillers ont par ailleurs été d’accord sur certains éléments, notamment l’impact négatif que le jeu problématique peut avoir sur le rétablissement d’une consommation abusive. L’examen des réponses des conseillers et des commentaires des clients constitue un mécanisme efficace pour mieux comprendre le jeu problématique dans les programmes de traitement d’entretien à la méthadone. De plus, les résultats ont d’importantes répercussions cliniques, notamment la nécessité d’un dépistage et d’un traitement d’entretien à la méthadone plus efficaces et d’une formation sur le jeu problématique pour les conseillers en toxicomanie. 

scholarly journals Does the Change in Smoking and Marijuana Use Policies Influence Adolescents’ Risky Sexual Behaviors and Other Associated Factors?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruaa Al Juboori ◽  
Orlando Davy ◽  
Thembekile Shato ◽  
. Divya S Subramaniam ◽  
Qiang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
The Public ◽  
Specific Practice ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Despite evidence from numerous studies that document the association between risky sexual behaviors (RSBs) and behaviors driving them, few had investigated the trends of the association over time, which was the objective of this study.Methods: A total of 61,072 students from four Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBS) survey years (1993, 2001, 2009, and 2017) were included. The relationship between five risky behaviors (suicide risk, smoking, binge drinking, marijuana use, and physical fight) and two indicators of RSBs (condom non-use and multiple sexual partners) was investigated. Interactions between survey years and risky behaviors were included in the models to test the strength of associations over time.Results: Compared to previous years, most associations between risky behaviors and RSBs were converging. However, there were no consistent decreasing changes in associations across time in marijuana, smoking, and RSBs relationships.Conclusion: Findings raise concerns about the potential impact of interventions directed toward adolescent’s substance use. However, longitudinal studies are needed to clarify directionality and make more specific practice and policy recommendations for adolescents’ smoking and marijuana use as proxies to reduce the growing burden of STIs among this population.Policy Implications: Despite the public push against adolescent’s substance use, our findings may suggest that the policies around tobacco and marijuana use have not been as effective on the adolescent population as intended.

Alcohol, other psychoactive substance use disorders, and suicide

2021 ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Tine Maes ◽  
Geert Dom
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Behavioural Addictions

Up to 90% of the individuals who complete suicide meet criteria for a psychiatric disorder. Specifically, substance use disorders (SUD) are highly prevalent and frequently associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviours. Growing evidence shows that this also counts for behavioural addictions, such as gambling. Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorder, with SUD, increase the risk. Pathways underlying the relationship between substance abuse and suicidality are multifactorial; the short-term effect of intoxication, impulsivity as trait and state, neurobiological consequences of chronic substance abuse, and accumulating adverse life events all contribute. Assessment and management of suicidality within SUD patients are mandatory for suicide prevention. Further, the evidence is growing that treatment of SUD in itself can reduce suicidality risk. Finally, and from a prevention perspective, decreasing substance use on a general population level is associated with decreases of population-level suicidality.

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