Awareness of illness and psychosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S584-S585
Author(s):  
R. Remesal Cobreros ◽  
R. Alonso Díaz ◽  
E. Cortázar Alonso ◽  
M. Andrés Villa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Psychic Life ◽  
Emotional Suffering ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionOne of the characteristics of Karl Jaspers approach to clinical practice was the importance he gave to the subjective experience by the patient. Patient's self-observation is one of the most important sources of knowledge of the psychic life of the patient. The lack of awareness of illness is quite common in psychotic spectrum.AimThe aim of this paper was to examine and compare a group of patients diagnosed with psychosis disorder with another group with other mental disorders, in relation to their mental and emotional suffering,SampleThe sample was composed by 118 subjects with both sexes. It was divided into two groups: patients with a diagnosis of psychotic disorder and another one with other mental disorders.InstrumentInventory SCL-90-R, which evaluating a wide range of psychological and psychopathological symptoms was used.Statistics analysisTwo groups were compared with respect to perceived psychopathological symptoms.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed between both groups. Patients with psychotic disorders showed lower scores in most clinical scales. It reflects less emotional suffering and psychological distress perceived in this group against the other. It could be related to the lack of awareness of illness by psychotic patient.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Psychotic experiences as precursors in schizophrenia? Findings from a population-based sample in Germany (DEGS1-MH)

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S48-S48
Author(s):  
C. Schmidt-Kraepelin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
German Health ◽  
Wide Range

There are only a few studies that have studied the prevalence of psychotic experiences (PEs) in a representative population-based sample and a broad range of age. The association and predictive role of PEs in the context of psychotic and other mental disorders remains a subject of discussion. The Mental Health Module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults is the first wave of a German health monitoring survey describing:– the distribution and frequency, the severity and the impairments of a wide range of mental disorders;– risk factors as well as patterns of help-seeking and health care utilization;– associations between mental and somatic disorders.A total of 4483 participants participated in the mental health section of the survey. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview, the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale and the Peter's Delusion Inventory were used to assess PEs by clinically experienced interviewers. We can confirm and extend previous findings for younger age groups that PEs are very frequent psychopathological expressions in the general population across genders and all age groups. PEs rates were elevated among those with other mental disorders, particularly among possible psychotic disorders, PTSD and affective disorders. This points to the relevant role of PEs as a marker for psychopathology and mental disorders. Future prospective studies will have to focus on specific properties of psychotic experiences such as their appraisal or underlying social influences to determine their significance for the prediction of psychotic and other mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Pharmacotherapy of acute psychotic states: The reason for benzodiazepines and valproic acid augmentation

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S612-S612
Author(s):  
A. Veraksa ◽  
A. Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Competing Interest

Acute psychotic states (APS) usually are diagnosed as schizophrenia spectrum and affective disorders and make up about 45% of cases. The goal of the study was to elucidate the effect of benzodiazepines (BDZ) and valproic acid augmentation in the APS pharmacotherapy. The study was carried out on 102 inpatients diagnosed up to ICD-10 as schizophrenia (n = 24), acute and transient psychotic disorders (n = 40), other mental disorders due to brain damage and dysfunction and to physical disease (n = 17), schizoaffective disorder (n = 12), bipolar affective disorder (n = 9). Patients were randomized into four therapeutic groups:– benzodiazepines (BDZ);– one neuroleptic or combination of one neuroleptic and one BDZ (NBDZ);– combination of valproic acid with BDZ or neuroleptic (VBDZN);– polypragmasy (PP): from two drugs of one group up to four and more drugs at the same time.The mental state of the patients was evaluated daily and estimated before, weekly and after APS termination by BPRS and CGI scale. The APS in all groups lasted from 1 to 50 days (mean 11.4). The shortest duration of APS was In BDZ group – 4.7 days; in VBDZN and NBDZ, the duration was 7.0 and 7.4 days (P < 0.05); in PP group, the treatment lasted 24.5 days (P < 0.001). Before therapy, average BPRS rate was 43.5 ± 8.1, CGI – 6.2 ± 0.8; after APS, BPRS was 18.9 ± 2.1, CGI – 1.1 ± 0.3. All rates did not differ among subgroups. APS therapy by BDZ and its combination with neuroleptics and valproic acid was effective compared to the polypragmasy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Stalking and its Forensic Psychiatric Assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S459-S460
Author(s):  
L. Izáková ◽  
I. André
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Assessment ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric Assessment

IntroductionStalking, a dangerous persecution, gained attention because of persecution of celebrities by fans suffering by mental disorders. In psychiatry, there is no consensus about the exact definition of stalking, because it can result from many different motivations and constellations of psychopathological symptoms.ObjectiveThe authors provide an overview of the current state of stalking, i.e. dangerous persecution as a new crime in Slovakia. They describe the characteristics of stalkers (persecutors), victims and their interaction in their forensic psychiatric practice.MethodSearch in author's expert reports were conducted on stalking. Analysis of motivations, mechanisms of persecutions and analysis of psychopathological symptoms and mental disorders in stalkers and their victims were made.ResultsStalkers and their victims are a heterogeneous group with different psychopathology and mental disorders including personality disorders and psychosis. The authors document general principles of forensic psychiatric assessment of stalkers as crime offenders.ConclusionStalking is problem also in forensic psychiatric practice also in Slovakia. Stalkers who suffer from mental disorders require adequate diagnostic and psychiatric treatment also in forced setting.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Psychological mechanisms of the formation of non-psychotic mental disorders in patients with hyperthyroidism

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S151-S151
Author(s):  
O. Pityk ◽  
M. Pityk ◽  
I. Kuzhda
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Depressive Syndrome ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
Medical Programs

The application of a comprehensive, integrative, systemic approach to the examination of patients with abnormal thyroid gland has to lie in the basis of planning strategies and tactics of medical programs such patients. On this point of view we consider that non- psychotic mental disorders are developing on the basis of both organic and adaptation levels. Population researches showed that the majority of patients with endocrinological pathology suffer from one of the three DCPR syndromes: irritant mood, demoralization thrown in (desperation), persistant somatization. The task of our work was to investigate mechanisms of psychological defense in patients with hyperthyroidism with non-psychotic mental disorders. One hundred and twenty-five patients were examined. Non-psychotic mental disorders with different syndromologic structure were found in 76% of patients (study group), among which anxious-asthenic (38.95%), anxiety and depression (23.16%) were dominant. The method of Robert Plutchik for assessment of the mechanisms of defense was used. In asthenic syndrome we found excessive functioning of negation and regression, inadequate functioning of intellectualization. In patients with astheno-anxious syndrome inadequate functioning of negation, intellectualization, compensation, and excessive repression contributed to the formation of the sensations of anxiety. Excessive compensation, projection, reactive formation generally affected the structure of the asteno-depressive syndrome. The lack of displacing of reactive formation, repression and excessive intellectualization in a complex influenced to the structuring of anxious-depressive syndrome. In hypochondrical syndrome projection, regression and negation were the basis of the formation of clinical picture. Thus, meaningful relationships between intrapsychic level of functioning and syndromological structure of non-psychotic disorders were installed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Pecularities of mental pathology at psychiatric patient with the comorbid somatic disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-355
Author(s):  
Ye. Oprya ◽  
M. Pustovoyt ◽  
Ya. Biesieda ◽  
Ye. Kozishkurt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
Somatic Diseases ◽  
Mental Pathology

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive clinical and psychopathological examination of patients with schizophrenia comorbid with somatic pathology. The etiological factors and preconditions for the formation of schizophrenia combined with somatic pathology, general clinical and dynamic characteristics, and features of mental disorders, severity and specificity of clinical and psychopathological manifestations of schizophrenia are analyzed. It was found that the combination of schizophrenia with somatic diseases is more "malignant" variants of the course of psychotic disorders, including an increase in the number of hospitalizations, earlier manifestation, significant increase duration and greater severity of psychopathological symptoms. The specificity of mental disorders in patients with schizophrenia with somatic disorders was manifested by a predominance of disorders of sensation and perception in the form of senestopathy (schizophrenia with CVD and F 20 with obesity), hyperesthesia (schizophrenia with diabetes 2) and complex hallucinations. An important characteristic of mental disorders in patients with schizophrenia with somatic pathology is the presence of emotional disorders in the form of rigidity (in schizophrenia with CVD and obesity) and explosiveness (in schizophrenia with diabetes 2) emotional reactions, as well as depressive and anxiety (schizophrenia with CVD) and dysphoric (in schizophrenia with diabetes 2 and obesity) mood disorders. According to the frequency analysis of clinical-biological and social factors of formation, as well as features of clinical-psychopathological structure of schizophrenia in patients of the examined groups, diagnostic clinical-psychopathological signs (risk markers) of combination of schizophrenia with specific variants of somatic disorders are established. The obtained results show that the combination of schizophrenia with somatic disorders is reflected in the deepening and peculiarities of psychopathological symptoms, reducing the level of social realization of patients and requires the attention of clinicians in developing treatment strategies.

Assessing Mental and Behavioral Disorder Impairment: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Norma Leclair ◽  
Steve Leclair ◽  
Robert Barth
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract Chapter 14, Mental and Behavioral Disorders, in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, defines a process for assessing permanent impairment, including providing numeric ratings, for persons with specific mental and behavioral disorders. These mental disorders are limited to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychotic disorders, and this chapter focuses on the evaluation of brain functioning and its effects on behavior in the absence of evident traumatic or disease-related objective central nervous system damage. This article poses and answers questions about the sixth edition. For example, this is the first since the second edition (1984) that provides a numeric impairment rating, and this edition establishes a standard, uniform template to translate human trauma or disease into a percentage of whole person impairment. Persons who conduct independent mental and behavioral evaluation using this chapter should be trained in psychiatry or psychology; other users should be experienced in psychiatric or psychological evaluations and should have expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders. The critical first step in determining a mental or behavioral impairment rating is to document the existence of a definitive diagnosis based on the current edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The article also enumerates the psychiatric disorders that are considered ratable in the sixth edition, addresses use of the sixth edition during independent medical evaluations, and answers additional questions.

RepPer: Perception of Psychiatric Disorders on Twitter in French (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Delanys ◽  
Farah Benamara ◽  
Véronique Moriceau ◽  
François Olivier ◽  
Josiane Mothe
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Annotation Scheme ◽  
Word Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Initial Dataset

BACKGROUND With the advent of digital technology and specifically user generated contents in social media, new ways emerged for studying possible stigma of people in relation with mental health. Several pieces of work studied the discourse conveyed about psychiatric pathologies on Twitter considering mostly tweets in English and a limited number of psychiatric disorders terms. This paper proposes the first study to analyze the use of a wide range of psychiatric terms in tweets in French. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to study how generic, nosographic and therapeutic psychiatric terms are used on Twitter in French. More specifically, our study has three complementary goals: (1) to analyze the types of psychiatric word use namely medical, misuse, irrelevant, (2) to analyze the polarity conveyed in the tweets that use these terms (positive/negative/neural), and (3) to compare the frequency of these terms to those observed in related work (mainly in English ). METHODS Our study has been conducted on a corpus of tweets in French posted between 01/01/2016 to 12/31/2018 and collected using dedicated keywords. The corpus has been manually annotated by clinical psychiatrists following a multilayer annotation scheme that includes the type of word use and the opinion orientation of the tweet. Two analysis have been performed. First a qualitative analysis to measure the reliability of the produced manual annotation, then a quantitative analysis considering mainly term frequency in each layer and exploring the interactions between them. RESULTS One of the first result is a resource as an annotated dataset . The initial dataset is composed of 22,579 tweets in French containing at least one of the selected psychiatric terms. From this set, experts in psychiatry randomly annotated 3,040 tweets that corresponds to the resource resulting from our work. The second result is the analysis of the annotations; it shows that terms are misused in 45.3% of the tweets and that their associated polarity is negative in 86.2% of the cases. When considering the three types of term use, 59.5% of the tweets are associated to a negative polarity. Misused terms related to psychotic disorders (55.5%) are more frequent to those related to mood disorders (26.5%). CONCLUSIONS Some psychiatric terms are misused in the corpora we studied; which is consistent with the results reported in related work in other languages. Thanks to the great diversity of studied terms, this work highlighted a disparity in the representations and ways of using psychiatric terms. Moreover, our study is important to help psychiatrists to be aware of the term use in new communication media such as social networks which are widely used. This study has the huge advantage to be reproducible thanks to the framework and guidelines we produced; so that the study could be renewed in order to analyze the evolution of term usage. While the newly build dataset is a valuable resource for other analytical studies, it could also serve to train machine learning algorithms to automatically identify stigma in social media.

scholarly journals The effects of intensive home treatment on self-efficacy in patients recovering from a psychiatric crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansam Barakat ◽  
Matthijs Blankers ◽  
Jurgen E Cornelis ◽  
Nick M Lommerse ◽  
Aartjan T F Beekman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Home Treatment ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Crisis

Abstract Background This study evaluated whether providing intensive home treatment (IHT) to patients experiencing a psychiatric crisis has more effect on self-efficacy when compared to care as usual (CAU). Self-efficacy is a psychological concept closely related to one of the aims of IHT. Additionally, differential effects on self-efficacy among patients with different mental disorders and associations between self-efficacy and symptomatic recovery or quality of life were examined. Methods Data stem from a Zelen double consent randomised controlled trial (RCT), which assesses the effects of IHT compared to CAU on patients who experienced a psychiatric crisis. Data were collected at baseline, 6 and 26 weeks follow-up. Self-efficacy was measured using the Mental Health Confidence Scale. The 5-dimensional EuroQol instrument and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) were used to measure quality of life and symptomatic recovery, respectively. We used linear mixed modelling to estimate the associations with self-efficacy. Results Data of 142 participants were used. Overall, no difference between IHT and CAU was found with respect to self-efficacy (B = − 0.08, SE = 0.15, p = 0.57), and self-efficacy did not change over the period of 26 weeks (B = − 0.01, SE = 0.12, t (103.95) = − 0.06, p = 0.95). However, differential effects on self-efficacy over time were found for patients with different mental disorders (F(8, 219.33) = 3.75, p < 0.001). Additionally, self-efficacy was strongly associated with symptomatic recovery (total BPRS B = − 0.10, SE = 0.02, p < 0.00) and quality of life (B = 0.14, SE = 0.01, p < 0.001). Conclusions Although self-efficacy was associated with symptomatic recovery and quality of life, IHT does not have a supplementary effect on self-efficacy when compared to CAU. This result raises the question whether, and how, crisis care could be adapted to enhance self-efficacy, keeping in mind the development of self-efficacy in depressive, bipolar, personality, and schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. The findings should be considered with some caution. This study lacked sufficient power to test small changes in self-efficacy and some mental disorders had a small sample size. Trial registration This trial is registered at Trialregister.nl, number NL6020.

Gut Feeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S504-S505
Author(s):  
C. Cotta ◽  
G. Jesus ◽  
V. Vila Nova ◽  
C. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThere is growing evidence of the importance of nutrition in mental disorders. Gut microbiota, influenced by environmental factors such as diet and stress, has been proposed as one of the players on a dynamic called gut-brain axis, which is thought to have an influence on behaviour and mental health.Objectives and aimsTo summarize recent evidence on the topic, and its potential role in psychiatric interventions.MethodsThe authors review updated literature collected from online scientific databases.ResultsThe development of the brain itself has been shown to be influenced by the gut microbiome. Research demonstrates that the composition of the microbiota has influence on behaviour through neuroendocrine and other neuroactive messengers production by the bacteria within the gut lumen. Studies in germ-free animals, animals exposed to bacterial infections, probiotic suplements or antibiotic drugs suggest a role for the gut microbiota in the regulation of anxiety, mood, cognition and pain. The gut microbiome has been implicated in brain disorders including anxiety and depression, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and autism.ConclusionsThe treatment of mental disorders is usually based on pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions, and little attention is given to dietary interventions. The emerging field of research focused on the human microbiome suggests an important role for the gut microbiota in influencing brain development, behaviour and mood in humans, and points new strategies for developing novel therapeutics for mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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