An Investigation of the Coupling of Temperament Traits with Anxiety

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S72-S73
Author(s):  
W. Sulis ◽  
I. Trofimova
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Level System ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Current Criterion ◽  
Temperament Traits ◽  
Competing Interest

Temperament traits and anxiety have been linked to varying degrees of neurotransmitter imbalances in neurophysiological systems of regulating behaviour. The diversity of neurotransmitters implicated in anxiety symptoms raises questions as to whether the multiple neurotransmitter systems secondarily express dysfunction in a higher-level system, which modulates their activity. This study analyzed the predictions of the neurochemical functional ensemble of temperament (FET) model that proposes that a dysregulation of the opioid receptors acting on monoaminergic and GABA systems gives rise to the symptoms of GAD. The study investigated the coupling of sex, age and temperament traits with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) across three age groups (17–24, 25–45, 46–65 years). The records of patients aged 65–85 years old were also examined but showed significantly less presence of GAD in comparison to other age groups. Temperament was assessed using the activity specific 12-trait structure of temperament questionnaire. Consistent with the hypotheses of the FET, patients with GAD reported lower mean scores on the traits of social-verbal endurance, mental endurance, plasticity and sensation seeking and higher mean scores in the trait of impulsivity, than healthy individuals. GAD was associated with significantly lower self-confidence in women than in men. The results suggest that new versions of the DSM should consider an increase of impulsivity and a decrease in plasticity of behavior as criteria symptoms of anxiety. Moreover, the results suggest that the current criterion of fatigue should be specified as more related to social-verbal and mental aspects and less to physical aspects of endurance.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

An Investigation of the Coupling of Temperament Traits with Major Depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S72-S72
Author(s):  
W. Sulis ◽  
I. Trofimova
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Temperament Traits ◽  
Competing Interest

A diversity of neurochemical hypotheses related to major depression (MD) suggests that further investigation is needed for uncovering the neurophysiological nature of MD. Since both temperament and mental illness have been linked to varying degrees of the same neurotransmitter imbalances in neurophysiological systems of behavioral regulation, the analysis of temperament traits as weak forms of neurochemical imbalances might give new insights into symptoms and nature of MD. This study analyzed the predictions of the opioid receptor hypothesis within the neurochemical model of functional ensemble of temperament proposing that a dysregulation of the opioid receptors acting on monoaminergic systems gives rise to the symptoms of major depression (MD). The study investigated the coupling of sex, age and temperament traits with MD across four age groups (17–24, 25–45, 46–65, 66–85) by reviewing the records of testing in 423 patients and volunteers with (210) and without (213) the MD. The records included testing with the personality assessment inventory, structure of temperament questionnaire, structured clinical interview and other diagnostic measures. In line with the hypothesis, patients with MD had significantly lower physical endurance, social-verbal endurance, mental endurance, plasticity, physical tempo, sensation seeking and self-confidence, and higher impulsivity and neuroticism than non-depressed individuals. Other sex- and age-related effects are reported. The results suggest that new versions of the DSM should consider an increase of impulsivity and a decrease in plasticity of behavior as criteria symptoms of MD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Prolonged rooming-in in infancy is associated with generalized anxiety disorder in the adolescent period

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazan Kaymaz ◽  
Emel Sarı Gökten ◽  
Mehmet Erdem Uzun ◽  
Şule Yıldırım ◽  
Mustafa Tekin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Bed Sharing ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Long Time

Abstract Objective: This study aims to investigate whether anxiety disorders in adolescents have a link with the separation time of bed/bedroom sharing with parents. It also aims to raise awareness in society about the issue of minimizing anxiety disorders in childhood. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Şevket Yılmaz Training and Research Hospital between June 2013 and May 2014. The participants included 51 adolescents who were diagnosed as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) with no-comorbidity and 71 healthy adolescents as the control group, who were chosen randomly. Diagnosis of GAD was based on the criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed) by child and adolescent psychiatry doctors. The Turkish version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used for the control group. A special survey about demographics and bed-sharing statements was constructed for the purpose of the study. The groups were analyzed in terms of duration of co-sleeping (bed-sharing) and rooming-in (keeping the mother and the baby in same room) with parents during infancy and the development of anxiety disorders in later period. Results: Mean duration of rooming-in was significantly longer in the case group than in the control group (p=0.009). Similarly, mean duration of co-sleeping in the case group was longer than that of the control group. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.529). Conclusion: Sleeping in the same room with children for a long time may result in anxiety disorders in later period due to possible difficulties in bonding and/or less self-confidence.

Dysfunctional metacognition across psychopathologies: A meta-analytic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Sun ◽  
C. Zhu ◽  
S.H.W. So
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Analytic Review

AbstractBackground:Dysfunctions in metacognition have been reported in individuals with anxiety disorders. Although recent studies have examined metacognition in other disorders, how dysfunctional metacognition compares across disorders is not clear. This review aimed to ascertain the importance of dysfunctional metacognition in various psychopathologies, and to identify similarities and differences in metacognitive profiles across disorders.Methods:Forty-seven studies were selected from 586 articles published between 1990 and August 2015, including a total sample of 3772 patients and 3376 healthy individuals. Studies that measured metacognition using the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire (MCQ) and its variants were included. We conducted five meta-analyses including 49 to 55 effect sizes, comparing psychiatric patients to healthy individuals on respective metacognitive dimensions of the MCQ.Results:We found elevated metacognitive dysfunctions in patients, as a group, on all MCQ dimensions. Group effects were large and robust for the two negative beliefs (i.e., beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of thoughts, and beliefs about the need to control thoughts), and moderate and unstable for the positive beliefs. Patients showed decreased cognitive confidence and heightened cognitive self-consciousness on moderate to large levels. Moderator analyses revealed that negative beliefs about uncontrollability and danger of thoughts were most prevalent in generalized anxiety disorder, whereas heightened cognitive self-consciousness was more characteristic in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders manifested more similar metacognitive profiles than other disorders.Conclusions:Our findings supported dysfunctional metacognition as common processes across psychopathologies, with certain dimensions being more prevalent in particular disorders.

scholarly journals A diary study of feedback seeking behaviours in individuals with social anxiety disorder compared to individuals with generalized anxiety disorder of no history of mental health difficulties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Feedback Seeking ◽  
Significant Group

The current study examined various features of positive feedback seeking (PFS) and negative feedback seeking (NFS) in individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD), individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and healthy individuals using a 2-week daily diary method. There were no significant differences between individuals with SAD and healthy individuals in the frequency of feedback seeking. However, individuals with GAD engaged in significantly more overall feedback seeking (adjusted for compliance) than healthy individuals. The most common source of feedback seeking within each group was other people (e.g., romantic partner). Individuals with SAD experienced significantly greater reductions in anxiety, sadness, and anger than healthy individuals and a significantly greater increase in certainty than individuals with GAD following positive feedback during PFS. There were no significant group differences in the topics, triggers, functions, or termination criteria of feedback seeking. Future research directions and theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Generalized anxiety disorder comorbidities: Panic and depressive disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S486-S486
Author(s):  
M. Turki ◽  
J. Ben Thabet ◽  
N. Charfi ◽  
M. Mezghanni ◽  
M. Maalej Bouali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionIt has been well documented that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) can co-occur with mood disorders and other anxious disorders, particularly panic disorder (PD). These comorbidities can complicate therapeutic management and burden the prognosis.AimTo highlight the relationship between GAD and panic and depressive disorders.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study, among 250 subjects consulting in 6 primary care units in Sfax, Tunisia. These participants, randomly chosen, were asked to answer a questionnaire after their consent. The diagnosis of GAD and PD were assessed by the “Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview” of the DSM-IV. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the “Beck Depression Inventory” (BDI).ResultsThe average age was 39 years. The sex ratio M/F was 1/2.The GAD was diagnosed in 10.8% of participants. The mean IDB score was 3.8. According to this scale, a mild depression was noted in 23.6%, moderate 12% and severe in 2.8% of cases. The GAD was statistically associated with psychiatric histories (P = 0.009), particularly depression disorder (P = 0.004) and the history of suicide attempt (P < 0.001).The IDB score was significantly higher in participants with GAD (P < 0.001). Among them, 74% presented moderate to severe depression.GAD co-occurs with PD in 22.2% of cases. This association was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Participants presenting GAD- PD comorbidity are at higher risk of developing depression (P = 0.003).ConclusionOne must always think to screen comorbidities in the presence of either diagnosis, in order to ensure a better management.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Hyperthyroidism and Psychotic Symptoms: a Case Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S440-S441
Author(s):  
S. Benavente López ◽  
N. Salgado Borrego ◽  
L. arroyave Villa ◽  
C. Hernández Durán ◽  
E. Muro Fernández de Pinedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Thyroid Profile

IntroductionHyperthyroidism may lead to high anxiety status, emotional lability, irritability, overactivity, exaggerated sensitivity to noise, and fluctuating mood, insomnia and hyporexia. in extreme cases, they may appear delusions and hallucinations as psychiatric symptoms.Case reportwe report the case of a 53-year-old female who was diagnosed of hyperthyroidism and generalized anxiety disorder. The patient went to emergency department because of high levels of anxiety, with heart palpitations, trembling, shortness of breath and nausea. She was presenting auditory hallucinations and delusions as psychiatric symptoms. an urgent thyroid profile was made and it was observed the next results: TSH < 0.005; T4:4; T3:21. Due to a severe thyroid malfunction, the patient was admitted and treated with antithyroid agent, improving the psychiatric and somatic symptoms.Discussionin this case, a patient diagnosed of hyperthyroidism and generalized anxiety disorder presented very severe psychiatric symptoms, with hallucinations and delusions. These symptoms may be produced by primary psychiatric disorders, but is very important to look for thyroid alterations, because if they are the cause, the acute treatment of thyroid malfunction is the correct management of the patient.ConclusionsHyperthyroidism is very common in general population, being infradiagnosed most of times. in patient with anxiety or other psychiatric symptoms, it is very important to make a thyroid function tests before the diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder. in extreme cases, hyperthyroidism status may lead to severe psychiatric and somatic complications.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Anxiety disorder on acting people in emergencies

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S565-S565
Author(s):  
S. Oller Canet ◽  
D. Madariaga Garcia ◽  
S. Castillo Magaña ◽  
S. Gasque Llopis ◽  
V. Adell Anglés
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Better Than

IntroductionDisasters and emergencies generate a psychological impact on both survivors and response teams. Traumatic events and his memory would be a risk factor for anxiety disorders.ObjectivesDescribe the most common post emergency anxiety signs in a sample of Spanish people who responded directly to emergencies.MethodsStudy carried out by survey filled through Google Forms application; in this survey, we retrospectively value anxiety using the screening scale for generalized anxiety disorder of Carroll and Davidson.ResultsThe survey was answered by 20 people, of whom 60% were women 68.20% age range between 18–6 years and with university studies in the 70% of the interviewees. Four nurses, 2 doctors, 4 emergency assistants workers, 2 civil protection workers, 1 ambulance worker, 1 military, 3 policemen, 1 fire-fighter and 2 others. Sixty percent of cases did not received specific aid. The anxiety scale items that are most affected are musculoskeletal stress and sleep, with lower prevalence of psychological anxiety (Fig. 1). Women showed higher prevalence of psychological anxiety, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance.ConclusionsThe data reveals that the staff responding to emergencies recalled experienced musculoskeletal problems or sleeping disturbance better than psychological anxiety which was relegated to the background. Post-emergency treatment should be provided to all participants in emergencies including specific interventions for musculoskeletal stress and insomnia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.Fig. 1Scale for generalized anxiety disorder of Carrol and Davidson results.

scholarly journals A diary study of feedback seeking behaviours in individuals with social anxiety disorder compared to individuals with generalized anxiety disorder of no history of mental health difficulties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Feedback Seeking ◽  
Significant Group

The current study examined various features of positive feedback seeking (PFS) and negative feedback seeking (NFS) in individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD), individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and healthy individuals using a 2-week daily diary method. There were no significant differences between individuals with SAD and healthy individuals in the frequency of feedback seeking. However, individuals with GAD engaged in significantly more overall feedback seeking (adjusted for compliance) than healthy individuals. The most common source of feedback seeking within each group was other people (e.g., romantic partner). Individuals with SAD experienced significantly greater reductions in anxiety, sadness, and anger than healthy individuals and a significantly greater increase in certainty than individuals with GAD following positive feedback during PFS. There were no significant group differences in the topics, triggers, functions, or termination criteria of feedback seeking. Future research directions and theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Age-related changes in generalized anxiety disorder symptoms

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beyon Miloyan ◽  
Gerard J. Byrne ◽  
Nancy A. Pachana
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Usa

ABSTRACTBackground:Little is known about the effects of age on the symptoms of anxiety disorder. Accordingly, this study sought to investigate age-related differences in the number and kind of symptoms that distinguish between individuals with and without a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).Methods:A sample of 3,486 self-reported worriers was derived from Wave 1 of the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), an epidemiological survey of mental health conducted in the USA in 2001–2002. Participants were stratified into the following age groups (18–29 years, 30–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–98 years), and then divided into diagnostic groups (GAD and non-GAD worriers).Results:Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that four distinct sets of symptoms were associated with GAD in each age group, and that numerically fewer symptoms were associated with GAD in older adults. Moreover, there were graduated changes in the type and number of symptoms associated with GAD in each successive age group.Conclusions:There are graduated, age-related differences in the phenomenology of GAD that might contribute to challenges in the detection of late-life anxiety.

Misophonia: Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S644-S644 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vidal ◽  
L. Melo Vidal ◽  
M.J. Alvarenga Lage
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Autonomic Arousal ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionMisophonia refers to a condition in which there is a strong aversion to certain sounds, in response to it the person reports unpleasant emotional experiences and autonomic arousal.ObjectivesTo present the case of misophonia carrier and discuss diagnostic features.MethodologyCase report and literature review.ResultsFemale, 32 years old, married, two children. In anamnesis reported obsessional symptoms (Check doors and windows, concerned with order and symmetry of objects; read all that lies ahead, pull the hand two or three times on mobile) since adolescence. Also reported triggering situations of anger: intolerance to some noises and sounds, like chewing third, mobile keyboard, click the “mouse” computer, printer and rub hands. In the presence of these noises, she tries to move away, and already tried to attack physically relatives and insulting co-workers. She was treated with escitalopram and re-evaluation after thirty days, reported partial relief misophonia and reduction of obsessional symptoms.ConclusionThe condition was first described in the early 2000s by two audiologists, and has become the focus of interest in the field of psychiatry. Some reports suggest that misophonic symptoms may be part of other conditions such as Tourette's syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Specifically, the characteristics shared between misophonia and OCD, as the relief of discomfort associated with avoidance behaviour suggest that the condition is part of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, which seems to happen with the case described above.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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