A Novel Pulsed Eddy Current Criterion for Non-Ferromagnetic Metal Thickness Quantifications under Large Liftoff

The pulsed eddy current (PEC) inspection is considered a versatile non-destructive evaluation technique, and it is widely used in metal thickness quantifications for structural health monitoring and target recognition. However, for non-ferromagnetic conductors covered with non-uniform thick insulating layers, there are still deficiencies in the current schemes. The main purpose of this study is to find an effective feature, to measure wall thinning under the large lift-off variations, and further expand application of the PEC technology. Therefore, a novel method named the dynamic apparent time constant (D-ATC) is proposed based on the coil-coupling model. It associates the dynamic behavior of the induced eddy current with the geometric dimensions of the non-ferromagnetic metallic component by the time and amplitude features of the D-ATC curve. Numeral calculations and experiments show that the time signature is immune to large lift-off variations.

Comparing Translation Peculiarities of Legal Texts in The Russian and Persian Languages

Translation of legal texts requires special attention and great accuracy. In legal texts words have legal connotations and legal consequences, which enable either to protect the interests of legal entities and individuals, or, on the contrary, violate their rights. Inappropriate translations of legal texts cause misunderstanding and vagueness, which is unacceptable in this type of texts. The compendium of legal texts in Iran is based on general legal law and jurisprudential principles. The lack of bilingual legal RussianPersian and Persian-Russian dictionaries enhances the translation problems in this field. This fact suggests that due attention has not been paid to such an important issue in the field of linguistics. The current criterion used in the translation of legal documents is the objective interpretation of the text. The identification of the problem can help solve it. The subject of this article was the legal content focused on legal family and financial texts. The purpose of our research is to reveal the difficulties translators of legal texts in these languages face, to study the best examples of translation accumulated by far and to help translators of legal texts by integrating translators’ experiences and publishing comparative works that reveal cultural and semantic connotations in two languages.

Adrenal Venous Sampling–Guided Adrenalectomy Rates in Primary Aldosteronism: Results of an International Cohort (AVSTAT)

Context Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the current criterion standard lateralization technique in primary aldosteronism (PA). Japanese registry data found that 30% of patients with unilateral PA did not undergo adrenalectomy, but the reasons for this and whether the same pattern is seen internationally are unknown. Objective To assess the rate of AVS-guided adrenalectomy across an international cohort and identify factors that resulted in adrenalectomy not being performed in otherwise eligible patients. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective, multinational, multicenter questionnaire-based survey of management of PA patients from 16 centers between 2006 and 2018. Main Outcome Measures Rates of AVS implementation, AVS success rate, diagnosis of unilateral PA, adrenalectomy rate, and reasons why adrenalectomy was not undertaken in patients with unilateral PA. Results Rates of AVS implementation, successful AVS, and unilateral disease were 66.3%, 89.3% and 36.9% respectively in 4818 patients with PA. Unilateral PA and adrenalectomy rate in unilateral PA were lower in Japanese than in European centers (24.0% vs 47.6% and 78.2% vs 91.4% respectively). The clinical reasoning for not performing adrenalectomy in unilateral PA were more likely to be physician-derived in Japan and patient-derived in Europe. Physician-derived factors included non-AVS factors, such as good blood pressure control, normokalemia, and the absence of adrenal lesions on imaging, which were present before AVS. Conclusion Considering the various unfavorable aspects of AVS, stricter implementation and consideration of surgical candidacy prior to AVS will increase its diagnostic efficiency and utility.

Is There an Additional Value in Detecting Anticardiolipin and Anti-β2 glycoprotein I IgA Antibodies in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome?

Background Anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-β2 glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) immunoglobulin A (IgA) antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have shown to associate with thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. However, inclusion of IgA aPL in the classification criteria of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has been debated. We investigated the value of aCL and aβ2GPI IgA aPL in the detection of thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity in addition to the current aPL panel for APS. Methods We included 1,068 patients from eight European medical centers: 259 thrombotic APS patients, 122 obstetric APS patients, 204 non-APS thrombosis patients, 33 non-APS obstetric patients, 60 APS patients with unspecified clinical manifestations, 196 patients with autoimmune diseases, and 194 controls. aCL and aβ2GPI IgG/M/A were detected with four commercial assays and lupus anticoagulant was determined by the local center. Results Positivity for IgA aPL was found in 17 to 26% of the patients with clinical manifestations of APS and in 6 to 13% of the control population. Both aCL and aβ2GPI IgA were significantly associated with thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. Isolated IgA positivity was rare in patients with clinical manifestations of APS (0.3–5%) and not associated with thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity. Addition of IgA to the current criterion panel did not increase odds ratios for thrombosis nor pregnancy morbidity. Conclusion aCL and aβ2GPI IgA are associated with clinical manifestations of APS. However, isolated IgA positivity was rare and not associated with thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity. These data do not support testing for aCL and aβ2GPI IgA subsequent to conventional aPL assays in identifying patients with thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity.

A Fast Algorithm for Electromagnetic Scattering from One-Dimensional Rough Surface

In this paper, the Adaptive Modified Characteristic Basis Function Method (AMCBFM) is proposed for quickly simulating electromagnetic scattering from a one-dimensional perfectly electric conductor (PEC) rough surface. Similar to the traditional characteristic basis function method (CBFM), Foldy-Lax multiple scattering equations are applied in order to construct the characteristic basis functions (CBFs). However, the CBFs of the AMCBFM are different from those of the CBFM. In the AMCBFM, the coefficients of the CBFs are first defined. Then, the coefficients and the CBFs are used to structure the total current, which is used to represent the induced current along the rough surface. Moreover, a current criterion is defined to adaptively halt the order of the CBFs. The validity and efficiency of the AMCBFM are assessed by comparing the numerical results of the AMCBFM with the method of moments (MoM). The AMCBFM can effectively reduce the size of the matrix, and it costs less than half the CPU time used by the MoM. Moreover, by comparing it with the traditional CBFM, the AMCBFM can guarantee the accuracy, reduce the number of iterations, and achieve better convergence performance than the CBFM does. The second order of the CBFs is set in the CBFM. Additionally, the first order of the CBFs of the AMCBFM alone is sufficient for this result.

Supernovæ

This Workshop covered a cornucopia of topics that were featured in short formal presentations, followed by a round-table discussion. G. Hosseinzadeh and H. Kuncarayakti presented the results of their recent researches into interacting supernovæ. They included both the intriguing Type Ibn supernova subclass, and SN 2017dio, which appears to be the first Type Ic supernova to be seen to exhibit signatures of hydrogen-rich circumstellar interaction at all phases. M. Sullivan provided a summary relating to the future of transient science in the era of Big Data, and participants discussed strategies to determine which targets and fields should be selected for spectroscopic follow-up. The Workshop concluded with a rather heated discussion regarding the need for the IAU Supernovæ Working Group to consider modifying the current criterion for a confirmed supernova in order for it to receive an official IAU designation.

Experimental Investigation and Finite Element Analysis on Cold-Stretching for Austenitic Stainless Pressure Vessels

Cold-stretching is an effective way to make the pressure vessels lighter. A test vessel with austenitic stainless steel was designed and manufactured based on the current criterion, and the cold-stretching process was carried out. The deformation of each part of the vessel under the pressure of each stage were measured by the resistance strain gauge in its measurement range. The finite element method is used to calculate the deformation trend of the whole process of cold-stretching. In addition, the strain of complex deformation at nozzle and its surrounding was analyzed by FEM.

An Investigation of the Coupling of Temperament Traits with Anxiety

Temperament traits and anxiety have been linked to varying degrees of neurotransmitter imbalances in neurophysiological systems of regulating behaviour. The diversity of neurotransmitters implicated in anxiety symptoms raises questions as to whether the multiple neurotransmitter systems secondarily express dysfunction in a higher-level system, which modulates their activity. This study analyzed the predictions of the neurochemical functional ensemble of temperament (FET) model that proposes that a dysregulation of the opioid receptors acting on monoaminergic and GABA systems gives rise to the symptoms of GAD. The study investigated the coupling of sex, age and temperament traits with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) across three age groups (17–24, 25–45, 46–65 years). The records of patients aged 65–85 years old were also examined but showed significantly less presence of GAD in comparison to other age groups. Temperament was assessed using the activity specific 12-trait structure of temperament questionnaire. Consistent with the hypotheses of the FET, patients with GAD reported lower mean scores on the traits of social-verbal endurance, mental endurance, plasticity and sensation seeking and higher mean scores in the trait of impulsivity, than healthy individuals. GAD was associated with significantly lower self-confidence in women than in men. The results suggest that new versions of the DSM should consider an increase of impulsivity and a decrease in plasticity of behavior as criteria symptoms of anxiety. Moreover, the results suggest that the current criterion of fatigue should be specified as more related to social-verbal and mental aspects and less to physical aspects of endurance.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

DNVGL-ST-F101 Combined Loading Criterion: Range of Application and Comparison With Other Criteria

The most essential pipeline design criterion is, of course, the pressure containment or bursting criterion normally determining the pipe wall thickness. When the pressure containment is ensured, the concern is often towards the action of the combined loading; pressure, axial force and bending moment. The combined loading criterion typically governs the installation and also set up requirements for other design issues such as seabed intervention and global buckling. The combined loading criterion of DNV GL submarine pipeline systems standard, DNV-OS-F101 or DNVGL-ST-F101 which is its new name [1], has been modified several times, and the current version was introduced in its present form in the 2007 revision of the offshore pipeline standard. This paper discusses the current criterion for combined loading, i.e. bending moment capacity, when the pipeline is under influence of axial force and internal over-pressure. The criterion is compared with several other similar criteria from previous revisions of the DNV GL pipeline and riser standards and from other offshore pipeline standards. In addition a comparison with physical and numerical tests is given, while the background and derivation of the criterion are given in an accompanying paper by Collberg and Levold [2].

Short-Circuit Current Criterion under Condition of Protection Action in Low Voltage Power Supply System

In order to improve the level of automation and security of the low voltage power supply system, this paper proposed the calculation method of short-circuit current criterion under condition of protection action. Firstly, the impact of circuit breakers on the short-circuit current is analyzed. Then, the current criterion under condition of short-circuit protection are given. Finally, using a special case, the calculation process of aforementioned current criterion is given in detail.