Experimental investigation of spray characteristics of a modified bio-diesel in a direct injection combustion chamber

Alternative fuels for diesel engines are becoming important due to the decrease of petroleum reservoirs and the increase of environment pollution problems. The biodiesel is technically competitive with conventional petroleum-derived diesel fuel and requires no changes in the fuel distribution system. Injection process of biodiesel influences the atomization and dispersion of fuel in the combustion chamber. In diesel Engine different tests have been performed to improve the efficiency in cycle, power, less emission, speed, etc. There are various methods of visualizing the combustion chamber in a Diesel engine. For visualizing spray characteristics of combustion chamber in Diesel engine the window of 10mm diameter hole, transparent quartz glass materials are used, which can with-stand 1500°C temperature and pressure of about 1000 bar and engine is hand cranked for conducting the experiments. Spray characteristics of palm oil methyl ester (POME) and diesel were studied experimentally. Spray penetration and spray angle were measured in a combustion chamber of DI diesel engine by employing high definition video camera and image processing technique. The study shows the POME gives longer spray tip penetration and spray angle are smaller than those of diesel fuels. This is due to the viscosity and density of biodiesel.

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Experiment and analysis of spray characteristics of biodiesel blending with di-n-butyl ether in a direct injection combustion chamber

Energy ◽

10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.069 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 185 ◽

pp. 77-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Wei Fu ◽

Fengyu Li ◽

Kesheng Meng ◽

Yanju Liu ◽

Weidong Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Combustion Chamber ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Butyl Ether ◽

Spray Characteristics

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SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS IN A DIRECT-INJECTION DIESEL ENGINE

Atomization and Sprays ◽

10.1615/atomizspr.v6.i1.50 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 95-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. C. Yang ◽

Hong Sun Ryou ◽

Y. T. Jeong ◽

Young Ki Choi

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Spray Characteristics ◽

Direct Injection Diesel Engine

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Combustion Thermodynamics of Ethanol, n-Heptane, and n-Butanol in a Rapid Compression Machine with a Dual Direct Injection (DDI) Supply System

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14092729 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2729

Author(s):

Ireneusz Pielecha ◽

Sławomir Wierzbicki ◽

Maciej Sidorowicz ◽

Dariusz Pietras

Keyword(s):

Heat Release ◽

Combustion Chamber ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Combustion Efficiency ◽

Injection System ◽

Rapid Compression Machine ◽

Process Indicators ◽

Rapid Compression

The development of internal combustion engines involves various new solutions, one of which is the use of dual-fuel systems. The diversity of technological solutions being developed determines the efficiency of such systems, as well as the possibility of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide and exhaust components into the atmosphere. An innovative double direct injection system was used as a method for forming a mixture in the combustion chamber. The tests were carried out with the use of gasoline, ethanol, n-heptane, and n-butanol during combustion in a model test engine—the rapid compression machine (RCM). The analyzed combustion process indicators included the cylinder pressure, pressure increase rate, heat release rate, and heat release value. Optical tests of the combustion process made it possible to analyze the flame development in the observed area of the combustion chamber. The conducted research and analyses resulted in the observation that it is possible to control the excess air ratio in the direct vicinity of the spark plug just before ignition. Such possibilities occur as a result of the properties of the injected fuels, which include different amounts of air required for their stoichiometric combustion. The studies of the combustion process have shown that the combustible mixtures consisting of gasoline with another fuel are characterized by greater combustion efficiency than the mixtures composed of only a single fuel type, and that the influence of the type of fuel used is significant for the combustion process and its indicator values.

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Prediction of gaseous pollutant emissions from a spark-ignition direct-injection engine with gas-exchange simulation

International Journal of Engine Research ◽

10.1177/14680874211005053 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146808742110050

Author(s):

Stefania Esposito ◽

Lutz Diekhoff ◽

Stefan Pischinger

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Combustion Chamber ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Operating Parameters ◽

Gaseous Pollutant ◽

Fuel Ratio ◽

No Emissions

With the further tightening of emission regulations and the introduction of real driving emission tests (RDE), the simulative prediction of emissions is becoming increasingly important for the development of future low-emission internal combustion engines. In this context, gas-exchange simulation can be used as a powerful tool for the evaluation of new design concepts. However, the simplified description of the combustion chamber can make the prediction of complex in-cylinder phenomena like emission formation quite challenging. The present work focuses on the prediction of gaseous pollutants from a spark-ignition (SI) direct injection (DI) engine with 1D–0D gas-exchange simulations. The accuracy of the simulative prediction regarding gaseous pollutant emissions is assessed based on the comparison with measurement data obtained with a research single cylinder engine (SCE). Multiple variations of engine operating parameters – for example, load, speed, air-to-fuel ratio, valve timing – are taken into account to verify the predictivity of the simulation toward changing engine operating conditions. Regarding the unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, phenomenological models are used to estimate the contribution of the piston top-land crevice as well as flame wall-quenching and oil-film fuel adsorption-desorption mechanisms. Regarding CO and NO emissions, multiple approaches to describe the burned zone kinetics in combination with a two-zone 0D combustion chamber model are evaluated. In particular, calculations with reduced reaction kinetics are compared with simplified kinetic descriptions. At engine warm operation, the HC models show an accuracy mainly within 20%. The predictions for the NO emissions follow the trend of the measurements with changing engine operating parameters and all modeled results are mainly within ±20%. Regarding CO emissions, the simplified kinetic models are not capable to predict CO at stoichiometric conditions with errors below 30%. With the usage of a reduced kinetic mechanism, a better prediction capability of CO at stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio could be achieved.

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