Environmental effects on seed yield determination of irrigated peanut crops: Links with radiation use efficiency and crop growth rate

To quantify the genetic gain in yield and associated changes in phenotype, we compared 13 South Australian wheat varieties released between 1958 and 2007. Crops were grown in three environments with a range of yield between 4.1 and 6.1 t/ha. Yield increased linearly with year of cultivar release at a rate of 25 ± 3.4 kg/ha per year. Yield improvement was associated with a linear increase in harvest index over the whole period 1958–2007 and increased shoot biomass for varieties released after the early 1980s. A non-linear model with an inflection point at 1982 ± 1.6 emphasised two phases in the time trend of grain size: it decreased between 1957 and 1982 and increased afterwards. The plasticity of grain size increased 2-fold after 1982. Grain number increased until the early 1980s and stabilised afterwards. Grain number was associated with crop growth rate between stem elongation and anthesis, and grain size was associated with crop growth rate per grain. Crop growth rate between stem elongation and anthesis increased after the early 1980s in parallel with increased radiation-use efficiency and independently of changes in capture of radiation. Candidate traits to explain the improvement in radiation-use efficiency include increased stomatal conductance and greener leaves. The concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates in shoots at anthesis increased with year of cultivar release at 0.12 ± 0.018% per year. In two out of three environments, yield response to competition declined with year of cultivar release, which was consistent with the communal plant ideotype.

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Study on Radiation Interception and Use in Some Mustard Varieties

Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/ajarr/2020/v9i430226 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 11-23

Author(s):

M. A. Awal ◽

M. O. Gani

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Winter Season ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Branch Number ◽

Area Index ◽

Radiation Interception ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Radiation Use

Aim: Solar radiation is the unique source of energy which drives the photosynthesis of green plants for producing biomass to living being. Use efficiency of solar radiation to produce biomass has been quantified for many crops in field condition but no study is undertaken for mustard although it is an important oil seed crop in the world as well as in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the radiation-use efficiency of mustard crop. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in the Crop Botany Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the winter season extended from November 2011 to March 2012. Methodology: Treatments comprised six mustard varieties viz. BINAsarisha-3, BINAsarisha-4, BINAsarisha-5, BINAsarisha-6, BINAsarisha-7 and BINAsarisha-8 which were grown following standard cultivation techniques to optimize the growth and development. Radiation measurements along the growing season were carried out during solar noon on some sunny days with a Radiometer connected to a 1 m long Line Quantum Sensor. Results: Mustard varieties showed wide variation in terms of plant height, branch number, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter (DM) accumulation, yield components and yield and radiation interception and use. BINAsarisha-6 showed better performance on the aforesaid traits followed by BINAsarisha-7 while lower performance was observed in BINAsarisha-3 and BINAsarisha-4. The higher seed yield (2.41 t ha-1) was obtained in the BINAsarisha-6, the variety also showed higher radiation-use efficiency, RUE (3.75 g MJ-1 PAR) whereas the lower seed yield (about 2.1 t ha-1) was observed in the BINAsarisha-3 or BINAsarisha-4, the varieties also showed the lower RUE (<3 g MJ-1 PAR) which indicate that the higher accumulation of DM in BINAsarisha-6 variety as influenced by higher utilization of solar radiation effectively constitute the seed yield. The temporal RUE showed much fluctuated pattern in all the varieties and higher RUEs were observed at the later part of the crop growth. The variety BINAsarisha-6 also showed the higher seasonal mean RUE whereas BINAsarisha-4 showed the lower. Conclusion: Mustard varieties showed wide variation in growth, yield and radiation interception and use. Higher biomass production as well as higher seed yield is associated with higher utilization of solar radiation.

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Growth and solar radiation use efficiency of corn cultivated in agroforestry systems

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.9755/ejfa.2019.v31.i7.1977 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 535 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Claiton Nardini ◽

Jaqueline Sgarbossa ◽

Felipe Schwerz ◽

Elvis Felipe Elli ◽

Sandro Luiz Petter Medeiros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Absolute Growth ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Net Assimilation ◽

Hybrid Eucalyptus ◽

Radiation Use

Agroforestry systems are a more sustainable alternative to food and energy production without compromising existing agroecosystems. In this context, the study aimed to analyze the growth characteristics and the solar radition use efficiency of corn cultivated in different arrangements of agroforestry and monoculture systems. The study was conducted in the experimental area of the Laboratory of Agroclimatology of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus of Frederico Westphalen – RS, Brazil. The experimental design was a complete randomized block, arranged in a factorial scheme of 3 × 2 × 2 representing two arrangements of agroforestry systems (Intercrop I and Intercrop II) and the monoculture of corn; two forest species, Peltophorum dubium (Spr.) Taubert, denoted as P. dubium and the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake × Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, denoted as Eucalyptus; and two crop years (Crop I and Crop II), with four replicates each. The growth rates varied between the different systems, with the highest values recorded for the absolute growth rate in the monoculture system, in both crop years, for the relative growth rate in the Eucalyptus-Intercrop I-Crop I and monoculture system-Crop II plots, and for the net assimilation rate in the Eucalyptus-Intercrop II in both crop years. The solar radiation use efficiency was varied between the different systems, with greater values of efficiency found in the Eucalyptus-Intercrop I-Crop I and in Eucalyptus-Intercrop II-Crop II plots. Therefore, different agroforestry arrangements influence corn growth; however, further studies related to this subject are needed as it is a way to optimize land use.

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EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN RADIASI SURYA DAN SEBAGAI DASAR DALAM MODEL JARAK PAGAR(RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY AS BASIS THE CROPS MODELING OF JATROPHA)

Agromet ◽

10.29244/j.agromet.22.2.108-117 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Gusti Rusmayadi ◽

. Handoko ◽

Yonny Koesmaryono ◽

Didiek Hadjar Goenadi

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Plant Density ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Area Index ◽

Rainfall Condition ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Four Levels ◽

Radiation Use

Plant growth interpretation in term of accumulated intercepted solar radiation and the radiation use efficiency (RUE) was used to study the growth and analysis of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.). A number of crop growth simulation models have been developed using the RUE concept to predict crop growth and yield in various environments. These models generally calculate daily biomass production as the product of the quantity of radiation intercepted and RUE. This research was carried out to quantify the RUE, biomass and leaf area index on Jatropha under rainfall condition, four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N) and three population densities (P) planted twice. The experiments used a systematic Nelder fan design with 9 spokes and 4 – 5 rings were conducted at SEAMEO-BIOTROP field experiment in 2007. Data from the first experiment were used for parameterization and calibration and the second experiment data for model validation. Values of RUE were determined by nitrogen fertilizer and plant density. Based on parameterization, we found that RUE for prediction above ground biomass accumulation of Jatropha were 0.94 (r=0.83) g MJ-1 to 1.3 (r=0.75) g MJ-1. Validation between model prediction and field experimental data showed that model can simulate crop growth and development of Jatropha.

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Influence of seed ageing on growth and yield of soybean

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1559 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 21-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rina Rani Saha ◽

Wahida Sultana

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Crop Growth Rate ◽

Stand Establishment ◽

Seed Ageing ◽

Aged Seed

Effect of seed ageing on stand establishment, growth and yield of three soybean varieties was studied. Treatments consisted of three varieties viz. Shohag, Bangladesh soybean 4 and BARIsoybean-5 with four levels of seed ageing viz. 20, 12, 8 and 2 months aged seed. Seed germination and field emergence percentage decreased but electrical conductivity of seed leachate increased with increasing seed age in all the soybean varieties. Irrespective of varieties, plants grown from 20 months aged seed accumulated more dry matter per plant but crop growth rate (CGR) were lower than the other ageing treatments. The highest dry matter accumulation and CGR were found in BARIsoybean-5 and lowest in Bangladesh soybean 4. Irrespective of varieties, crop grown from 2 months aged seed produced significantly the highest seed yield (1981 kg/ha) which was at par with the yield obtained from 8 months aged seed; and the lowest (811 kg/ha) was grown from 20 months aged seed. Among the varieties, significantly the highest seed yield (1615 kg/ha) was obtained from BARIsoybean-5 which was identical with that of Bangladesh soybean 4. Results further revealed that Bangladesh soybean 4 can be grown up to 12 months aged seed without significant reduction in seed yield. Â Key words: Seed ageing, Stand establishment, Crop growth rate, Seed yield doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1559 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(1): 21-26, 2008 (June)

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Associations between yield, intercepted radiation and radiation-use efficiency in chickpea

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp16356 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 140 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lachlan Lake ◽

Victor Sadras

Keyword(s):

Growth Analysis ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

High Yield ◽

Phenological Stage ◽

Crop Growth Rate ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Intercepted Radiation ◽

The Impact ◽

Radiation Use

Relationships between yield, biomass, radiation interception (PARint) and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) have been studied in many crops for use in growth analysis and modelling. Research in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is limited, with variation caused by environment and phenological stage not adequately described. This study aims to characterise the variation in chickpea PARint and RUE with phenological stage, line and environment and their interactions, and the impact of this variation on yield. Chickpea lines (six desi and one kabuli) previously identified as varying for yield, competitive ability, crop growth rate and phenology were compared in four environments resulting from a combination of two sowing dates and dry and irrigated water regimes. Yield varied from 0.7 to 3.7 t ha–1. Line, environment, phenological stage and the interactions line (G) × environment (E) and environment × stage affected both RUE and PARint. Line × stage interaction also affected RUE. High PARint and RUE were associated with high yield, but the interaction between environment and phenological stage dictated this relationship; higher PARint and RUE were observed in irrigated environments. Some environment × phenological stage combinations resulted in no significant associations, particularly before flowering in dry environments. These results emphasise the importance of understanding the effects of G × E on capture and efficiency in the use of radiation and have implications for growth analysis, modelling and breeding.

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Seasonal Variation in Photosynthetically Active Radiation Interception and Radiation Use Efficiency in Green Gram [Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek] in Lower Gangetic Plain of India

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i2530891 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 108-125

Author(s):

Shrabani Basu ◽

Pramiti K. Chakraborty ◽

Rajib Nath

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Summer Season ◽

Green Gram ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Active Radiation ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Mean ◽

Radiation Use

Aim: The present study was conducted for identifying sowing windows and cultivars of green gram in spring – summer and rainy seasons depending on light interception pattern and photo synthetically active radiation use efficiency (PARUE) in the lower Gangetic Plains of Eastern India. Methodology: Five green gram varieties (V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5) were sown on four dates (D1, D2, D3 and D4) in the spring –summer season starting from 15th February and on three dates (D1, D2 and D3) in the rainy season, starting from 20th August at interval of 10 days. Cumulative intercepted PAR (CIPAR), PARUE for above ground biomass and green gram seed and the seed yield were measured. The experiments were conducted under strip –plot design. Results: Results showed that CIPAR increased gradually in both the seasons under different dates of sowing. The mean PARUE for above ground biomass were 3.97, 4.58, 3.18 and 2.64 gMJ-1 for D1, D2, D3 and D4 sowings during spring – summer season. In rainy season the same was declined from 8.67 to 3.73 g MJ-1 with the delay in sowing. Maximum seed yield was obtained under D2 and V3 in the spring –summer and under D1 and V5 in the rainy season. The mean PARUE for seed yield were 0.65 and 0.64 g MJ-1 and 0.40 and 0.42 g MJ-1 in the spring summer seasons of 2011 and 2012 respectively. In the rainy season the maximum PARUE were 0.91 and 0.55 g MJ-1 under D1 for two experimental years. Conclusion: Depending on PARUE Pant Mung – 5 and Mehashould be sown during 3rd week of February and August in this zone.

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