IMPACT OF MOISTURE STRESS AND NITROGEN ON CROP GROWTH RATE, NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY, AND HARVEST INDEX OF COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

The use of grafting techniques for horticultural crops increases plant tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Tomato production under greenhouse conditions relies on plants grafted onto vigorous rootstocks because they sustain crops for longer periods. Growers under Mediterranean conditions usually grow crops in passive greenhouses during the summer and winter season, to provide fresh products throughout the year. No information is available with regard to the effect of the environment on nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) in tomato plants grafted onto rootstocks with different vigor. In the present study, NUE, along with its components—uptake (NUpE) and utilization (NUtE) efficiencies—were evaluated in tomato plants grafted onto two interspecific rootstocks, conferring medium (“King Kong”) or high (“Kaiser”) vigor to the plants. The evaluations were carried out during the vegetative and reproductive stage in plants subjected to different environmental conditions resulting in different plant growth rates. The grafting treatments did not affect NUE, NUpE or NUtE in young plants, but at the reproductive stage, differences were found during the summer season (high N demand) where the vigorous rootstock increased NUpE from 55%, in non-grafted plants, to 94%, with the consequent differences in NUE. During the winter crop, no differences in NUE were found between the vigorous rootstock and non-grafted plants, but the less vigorous (cold-tolerant) rootstock enhanced NUpE. Significant positive relationships were found between plant growth rate and both NUE and NUpE, while NUtE decreased with increasing growth rate.

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Late Planting Effects on Early Versus Late Pearl Millet Genotypes in Niger

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700020469 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 121-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K. C. Reddy ◽

P. L. Visser

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Plant Density ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Growth Period ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Crop Growth Rate

SummaryThe performance of two contrasting pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) genotypes was compared following five planting dates under rainfed conditions in deep sandy soils at Bengou, Niger in 1986 and 1987. The early and partially photo-sensitive cultivar HKB yielded more grain than the late and photo-sensitive cultivar Somno when planted with the first two seasonal rains. But after delayed planting, the crop growth rate and harvest index of cultivar HKB were reduced, leading to smaller grain yields even though the growth period, rainfall, radiation and temperature were similar at all the planting dates. In contrast, cultivar Somno maintained a small but stable harvest index over various planting dates, so that although its growth period and crop growth rate were reduced by delayed planting, the reduction in grain yield was less. Since agronomic manipulation, such as increased plant density and fertilizer application, can be used to increase crop growth rate, photo-sensitive millet genotypes such as cultivar Somno could be used for late July plantings in the Sudano-Sahelian zone.

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Effect of diverse use of nitrogen sources on grain yield, harvest index, nitrogen-use efficiency and phenological development of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.)

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ◽

10.5897/jmpr12.123 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (20) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Waseem

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Hybrid Maize

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Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield Attributes and Yield of Black Gram Cv. Pu-31

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-4635 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Harkesh Meena ◽

Vikram Bharati ◽

D.K. Dwivedi ◽

S.K. Singh ◽

Rohin Choudhary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Plant Height ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Organic Manure ◽

Black Gram ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Crop Growth Rate

Background: The main pulses grown in India are chickpea, arhar, lentil, black gram, mung bean, moth bean, horse gram, pea, khesari, cowpea, etc. Black gram is fourth major pulse crop in India, that contributes 13 and 10 per cent of total area and production respectively. This is annual plant that attains 30-100 cm height and its stem is covered with brown hairs and much branched from the base. The pods are long and cylindrical being 5-6 cm length and 4-10 seed in pods. The seeds are generally black, very dark brown. Methods: The field experiment was conducted in kharif-2019 at research farm of Tirhut College of Agriculture Dholi, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield parameters and the yield of black gram cv-PU-31, by the use different sources of nutrient in a integrated manner such as three level of fertilizer i.e. F1-75, F2-100 and F3-125% RDF and two levels of organic manure i.e. M1-control and M2-FYM @ 5 t ha-1 and three levels of biofertilizer i.e., B1-rhizobium, B2-nutrient mobilizer, B3-rhizobium+ nutrient mobilizer. The treatments were allocated in randomized block design (factorial) and replicated thrice. Result: The results revealed that F3 produced taller plants, more dry matter, crop growth rate (CGR) yield attributes resulting higher yield of grain and straw (10.78, 22.61 q ha-1 respectively) which was statistically at par with plant height, dry matter, crop growth rate, yield attributes and yield of grain, straw and highest harvest index (10.73, 22.20 q ha-1 and 32.58% respectively) to F2. Among addition of organic manure significantly maximum plant height, dry matter and crop growth rate and yield attributes resulting maximum yield of grain, straw and harvest index (11.2, 22.79 q ha-1 and 33.31% respectively) was found in M2 over M1. In biofertilizer treatments, B3 recorded higher plant height, dry matter and crop growth rate, yield attributes resulting in significantly higher yield of grain, straw and harvest index (10.26, 21.90 q ha-1 and 31.92% respectively) over B1 and B2.

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Crop Mass and N Status as Prerequisite Covariables for Unraveling Nitrogen Use Efficiency across Genotype-by-Environment-by-Management Scenarios: A Review

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9101309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1309 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gilles Lemaire ◽

Ignacio Ciampitti

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽

Soil N ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Genotype By Environment ◽

N Supply ◽

Fertilizer Application Rate ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Status

Due to the asymptotic nature of the crop yield response curve to fertilizer N supply, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE, yield per unit of fertilizer applied) of crops declines as the crop N nutrition becomes less limiting. Therefore, it is difficult to directly compare the NUE of crops according to genotype-by-environment-by-management interactions in the absence of any indication of crop N status. The determination of the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) allows the estimation of crop N status independently of the N fertilizer application rate. Moreover, the theory of N dilution in crops indicates clearly that crop N uptake is coregulated by (i) soil N availability and (ii) plant growth rate capacity. Thus, according to genotype-by-environment-by-management interactions leading to variation in potential plant growth capacity, N demand for a given soil N supply condition would be different; consequently, the NUE of the crop would be dissimilar. We demonstrate that NUE depends on the crop potential growth rate and N status defined by the crop NNI. Thus, providing proper context to NUE changes needs to be achieved by considering comparisons with similar crop mass and NNI to avoid any misinterpretation. The latter needs to be considered not only when analyzing genotype-by-environment-by-management interactions for NUE but for other resource use efficiency inputs such as water use efficiency (colimitation N–water) under field conditions.

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Effect of Nitrogen Rate on Use Efficiency and Yield of Wheat in Inner Terai Condition of Nepal

10.21203/rs.3.rs-56824/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Prabin Ghimire

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Block Design ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

N Recovery ◽

Limited Information ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Grain Nitrogen

Abstract Unsuitable nitrogen management and low soil fertility are major constraints of wheat production in Nepal. Limited information is available on optimum nitrogen rates and use efficiencies. So a field experiment was conducted on the inner terai to determine the effect nitrogen on yield and improving the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat. Level of five doses of nitrogen, 0kg ha-1 (Control), 60kg ha-1,80kg ha-1,100kg ha-1 and 120kg ha-1 were laid out in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with four replication. Observation on the various parameters of yield attributing characters like plant height(cm), tiller m-2 thousand grain weight(Kg), spike length(cm), grain spike-1was found highest on Nitrogen dose 120 kg ha-1. Similarly, nitrogen at 120kg ha-1 increases the grain yield by increasing the biological yield and harvest index. Grain nitrogen concentration at 120 kg ha-1 is statistically similar with 100 kg ha-1 and 80 kg ha-1 while nitrogen uptake is highest (114.833kg ha-1) in 120kg ha-1 and lowest in control. Agronomic use efficiency is highest observed in 100kg ha-1 and lowest on 60 kg ha-1. Apparent fertilizer N recovery ratio obtained high (49.62%) in 120 kg ha-1 which is statistically similar to 100kg ha-1 (46.97%) and lowest (31.76%) in 60 kg ha-1. While observing agro physiological efficiency and Nitrogen harvest index did not show any significant difference among any treatments. The application of nitrogen at 120kg ha-1 was required to produce the optimum yield and increasing the nitrogen use efficiency traits.

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Biomass and yield performance of kabuli chickpea cultivars with the fern or unifoliate leaf trait in the Northern Great Plains

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p05-154 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 1089-1097 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lin Li ◽

Rosalind A Bueckert ◽

Yantai Gan ◽

Tom Warkentin

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Great Plains ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Plant Population ◽

The Other ◽

Northern Great Plains ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Crop Growth Rate ◽

Ground Biomass

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has two kinds of leaf types, the fern and unifoliate. The best leaf type to use for biomass production and yield in the short growing season of the Northern Great Plains, which has a semiarid environment with end of season rainfall, is not yet known. The objectives of this research were to determine the relationships between leaf type and crop growth rate, maximum above-ground biomass, harvest index and yield under moderate and high plant population densities. The study was conducted in the field at Saskatoon and Swift Current, Saskatchewan, in 2003 and 2004. The experimental treatments consisted of a factorial combination of six commercial kabuli chickpea cultivars representing the two leaf types and two plant population densities: 45 and 85 plants m-2. There were no cultivar and plant population interactions for crop growth rate, maximum above-ground biomass, harvest index and seed yield. Dry matter production was higher in the 2004 season, which had above-average rainfall and a longer duration of reproductive growth. Although high plant population exhibited higher maximum above-ground biomass in 3 location-years, plant population did not affect the crop growth rate. The 45 plants m-2 treatment had a higher harvest index than the 85 plants m-2 treatment in 2 location-years, but both population treatments were similar in the other two environments. Yield of chickpea was increased by higher plant population in 1 location-year, but was not affected by plant population in the other location-years. The fern leaf cultivars had a higher crop growth rate over the unifoliate leaf cultivars in 2 location-years and no significant difference in the other environment. Fern-leaf cultivars partitioned more dry matter to seed growth compared with unifoliate cultivars while sustaining similar biomass production as unifoliate cultivars. The use of fern-leaf cultivars in the Northern Great Plains appears to be an opportunity for increasing chickpea yield by its superior harvest index compared with unifoliate leaf cultivars. Key words: Cicer arietinum, fern leaf, unifoliate, plant population, seed yield

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Contribution of seven legumes residues incorporated into soil and NP fertilizer to maize yield, nitrogen use efficiency and harvest index in degraded soil in the center of Benin

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.4314/ijbcs.v7i6.23 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 2468 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

FA Kouelo ◽

P Houngnandan ◽

D Gerd

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Degraded Soil ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Np Fertilizer

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Genetic gain in yield and associated changes in phenotype, trait plasticity and competitive ability of South Australian wheat varieties released between 1958 and 2007

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp11060 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 62 (7) ◽

pp. 533 ◽

Cited By ~ 117

Author(s):

Victor O. Sadras ◽

Chris Lawson

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Grain Size ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Grain Number ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Crop Growth Rate ◽

Australian Wheat ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Radiation Use

To quantify the genetic gain in yield and associated changes in phenotype, we compared 13 South Australian wheat varieties released between 1958 and 2007. Crops were grown in three environments with a range of yield between 4.1 and 6.1 t/ha. Yield increased linearly with year of cultivar release at a rate of 25 ± 3.4 kg/ha per year. Yield improvement was associated with a linear increase in harvest index over the whole period 1958–2007 and increased shoot biomass for varieties released after the early 1980s. A non-linear model with an inflection point at 1982 ± 1.6 emphasised two phases in the time trend of grain size: it decreased between 1957 and 1982 and increased afterwards. The plasticity of grain size increased 2-fold after 1982. Grain number increased until the early 1980s and stabilised afterwards. Grain number was associated with crop growth rate between stem elongation and anthesis, and grain size was associated with crop growth rate per grain. Crop growth rate between stem elongation and anthesis increased after the early 1980s in parallel with increased radiation-use efficiency and independently of changes in capture of radiation. Candidate traits to explain the improvement in radiation-use efficiency include increased stomatal conductance and greener leaves. The concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates in shoots at anthesis increased with year of cultivar release at 0.12 ± 0.018% per year. In two out of three environments, yield response to competition declined with year of cultivar release, which was consistent with the communal plant ideotype.

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