Integrated nutrient, water and other agronomic options to enhance rice grain yield and N use efficiency in double-season rice crop

Genetic selection of maize hybrids is often conducted using high N rates during the breeding cycle. This procedure may either lead to the release of genotypes that present nitrogen luxury consumption or require a stronger N input to accomplish their yield potential. This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of N rates on grain yield and N use efficiency of hybrids cultivated in different decades in Southern Brazil. The trial was performed in Lages, Santa Catarina State. A split plot design was used. Hybrids Ag 12, Ag 28, Ag 303 and Ag 9012, released during the 60's, 70's, 80's and 90's, respectively, were evaluated in the main plots. Nitrogen rates equivalent to 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 were side-dressed in the split-plots when each hybrid had six fully expanded leaves. Modern-day hybrid Ag 9012 had higher grain yield than hybrids of earlier eras, regardless of N rates. Under high doses of N, the older hybrids Ag 12 and Ag 28 took up more N and presented higher values of shoot dry matter at flowering than Ag 9012. Nonetheless, they set less grains per ear which contributed to decrease their grain yield and N use efficiency.

Download Full-text

Improvement of Root Characteristics Due to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Interactions Increases Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy12010023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Ming Du ◽

Wenzhong Zhang ◽

Jiping Gao ◽

Meiqiu Liu ◽

Yan Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Root Length ◽

N Uptake ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

Root Characteristics ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Total N ◽

Absorption Area ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Use

Although nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) co-application improves crop growth, yield, and N use efficiency (NUE) of rice, few studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying these interactions. To investigate root morphological and physiological characteristics and determine yield and nitrogen use parameters, rhizo-box experiments were performed on rice using six treatments (no fertilizer, PK, N, NK, NP, and NPK) and plants were harvested at maturity. The aboveground biomass at the elongating stage and grain yield at maturity for NPK treatment were higher than the sum of PK and N treatments. N, P, and K interactions enhanced grain yield due to an increase in agronomic N use efficiency (NAE). The co-application of N, P, and K improved N uptake and N recovery efficiency, exceeding the decreases in physiological and internal NUE and thereby improving NAE. Increases in root length and biomass, N uptake per unit root length/root biomass, root oxidation activity, total roots absorption area, and roots active absorption area at the elongating stage improved N uptake via N, P, and K interactions. The higher total N uptake from N, P, and K interactions was due to improved root characteristics, which enhanced the rice yield and NUE.

Download Full-text

Effect of nitrogen rate and fertilizer nitrogen source on physiology, yield, grain quality, and nitrogen use efficiency in corn

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2015-0186 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 392-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Dilip K. Biswas ◽

Bao-Luo Ma

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Grain Quality ◽

N Uptake ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

Canopy Reflectance ◽

Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽

N Source ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Rates ◽

N Use

A two-year (2010–2011) field experiment was undertaken to examine the effect of nitrogen (N) rate (0, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha−1) and N source (urea, calcium ammonium nitrate; ammonium sulphate) on canopy reflectance, chlorophyll pigments, photosynthesis, yield, grain quality, and N-use efficiency in corn. However, the physiological observations were made only in 2011. We found that stover biomass was unaffected by higher N rate beyond 150 kg N ha−1 in both years. Higher N rates did not provide a yield advantage as compared to 150 kg N ha−1 in 2010, but the highest grain yield was produced with 200 kg N ha−1 in 2011. The higher grain yield by N application was attributed to a greater kernel size in both years. Corn stover [N] was found to increase with increasing N rates in both years. Kernel [N] only responded to the high N rate in 2010. There was no change in the kernel density as affected by N rate in both years. An increased N addition resulted in a decrease in both N-uptake efficiency and agronomic-N use efficiency in both years. There was an inconsistent effect of N source on yield and N use efficiency indices in the corn over two years.

Download Full-text

Comparing localized application of different N fertilizer species on maize grain yield and agronomic N-use efficiency on a calcareous soil

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/j.fcr.2015.05.011 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 180 ◽

pp. 72-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Qinghua Ma ◽

Xin Wang ◽

Hongbo Li ◽

Haigang Li ◽

Fusuo Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Calcareous Soil ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

Maize Grain Yield ◽

Agronomic N Use Efficiency ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Maize Grain ◽

N Use

Download Full-text

Effect of deep placement of N fertilizers on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of BRRI dhan29 under flooded condition

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v3i4.35336 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 454-461

Author(s):

Md Rafiqul Islam ◽

Mahthir Been Mohammad ◽

Mst Tazmin Akhter ◽

Md Moyeed Hasan Talukder ◽

Kawsar Hossen

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

Total N ◽

Deep Placement ◽

Science Field ◽

Straw Yield ◽

Prilled Urea ◽

N Fertilizers ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Use

An experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during boro season of 2016 to evaluate the effect of deep placement of nitrogen (N) fertilizers on N use efficiency and yield of BRRI dhan29 under continuous flooded condition. The soil was silt loam in texture having pH 6.27, organic matter content 1.95%, total N 0.136%, available P 3.16 ppm, exchangeable K 0.095 me%, available S 10.5 ppm and EC 348 μS cm-1. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments were T1 [Control], T2 [Prilled Urea, 130 kg N ha-1] , T3 [USG, 130 kg N ha-1], T4 [USG, 104 kg N ha-1], T5 [USG, 78 kg N ha-1], T6 [NPK briquette , 129 kg N ha-1], T7 [NPK briquette, 102 kg N ha-1] and T8 [NPK briquette, 78 kg N ha-1]. All the treatments except T6, T7 and T8 received 25 kg P and 64 kg K ha-1 as TSP and MoP, respectively. In T6, T7 and T8 treatments, P and K were supplied from NPK briquettes. Prilled urea was applied in three equal splits. USG and NPK briquettes were applied at 10 DAT and were placed at 8-10 cm depth between four hills at every alternate row. The results demonstrate that all the yield components except 1000-grain weight and yields of BRRI dhan29 responded significantly to the deep placement of N in the form of USG and NPK briquettes under continuous flooded condition. The highest grain yield of 6561 kg ha-1 was recorded in T3 [USG, 130 kg N ha-1] which was statistically similar to that ofT4 [USG, 104 kg N ha-1].The highest straw yield of 6876 kg ha-1 was obtained in T3 [USG, 130 kg N ha-1]. The lowest grain yield (3094 kg ha-1) and straw yield (3364 kg ha-1) were found for T1 (Control). The deep placement of USG and NPK briquettes enhanced the recovery of applied N and N use efficiency in comparison with the broadcast application of PU. The highest value of NUE (32.05 kg grain increase per kg N applied) was obtained in T5 [USG, 78 kg N ha-1] followed by T4 [30.75 kg grain increase per kg N applied) and the lowest value was found in T8 [130 kg N ha-1 from PU]. Based on yield, N use efficiency and cost-benefit analysis, an application of 104 kg N ha-1 as USG can be recommended as the best treatment for achieving satisfactory yield of boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan29) at BAU farm and at adjacent areas under AEZ 9 (Old Brahmaputra Floodplain).Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2017, 3(4): 454-461

Download Full-text

Efficiency of Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization in Winter Wheat under Pannonian Climate Conditions

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10110541 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 541

Author(s):

Gerhard Moitzi ◽

Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽

Hans-Peter Kaul ◽

Helmut Wagentristl

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

N Recovery ◽

N Loss ◽

Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Use

Improvements in nitrogen (N) use efficiency in crop production are important for addressing the triple challenges of food security, environmental degradation and climate change. The three fertilizers, calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), urea (Urea) and stabilized urea (Ureastab), were applied at a rate of 160 kg N ha−1 with two or three splits to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Pannonian climate region of eastern Austria. On average, over all fertilization treatments, the grain yield (GY) increased by about a quarter and the grain N concentration (GNC) doubled compared to the control without fertilization. Consequently, the grain N yield (NYGRAIN) was increased with N fertilization by 154%. The GY increased due to a higher grain density with no differences between N fertilizers but with a tendency of a higher grain yield with three compared to two splits. Three splits also slightly increased the GNC and consequently the NYGRAIN of CAN and Ureastab in one year. The removal of N fertilizer with the NYGRAIN (N surplus) was higher than the amount of applied fertilizer. Fertilization decreased the N use efficiency (NUE), the N uptake efficiency (NUpE) and the N utilization efficiency (NUtE) but increased the soil mineral nitrate (NO3-N) at harvest and the apparent N loss (ANL). Three compared to two applications resulted in a higher NO3-N at harvest but also a lower N surplus due to partly higher NYGRAIN. Consequently, the ANL was lower with three compared to two splits. Also, the NUpE and the apparent N recovery efficiency (ANRE) were higher with three splits. The best N treatment regarding highest above-ground biomass yield with lowest N surplus, N balance and ANL was the three-split treatment (50 CAN, 50 CAN, 60 liquid urea ammonium nitrate). Three splits can, under semi-arid conditions, be beneficial when aiming high-quality wheat for bread-making and also for reducing the N loss. Whereas, two splits are recommended when aiming only at high GY, e.g., for ethanol-wheat production.

Download Full-text

Effect of rate, frequency and method of liquid swine manure application on soil nitrogen availability, cropperformance and N use efficiency in east-central Saskatchewan

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s01-057 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 457-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

S P Mooleki ◽

J J Schoenau ◽

G. Hultgreen ◽

G. Wen ◽

J L Charles

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Protein Content ◽

Swine Manure ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

Total N ◽

Available N ◽

Liquid Swine Manure ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Use ◽

Annual Application

A study was initiated in the fall of 1996 in the Black soil zone in east-central Saskatchewan (parkland region) to examine the soil and crop response to application of liquid swine manure at different rates, frequencies and methods of application. Low, medium and high rates of liquid swine manure (equivalent to approximately 100, 200 and 400 kg total N ha-1, respectively) were applied annually and in reduced frequency applications using injection and broadcast/incorporated placement over a 4-yr period. Crops grown during this period were Argentine canola (Brassica napus L.) in 1997, hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 1998, hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in 1999, and Argentine canola in 2000. Under an annual application regime, a significant elevation of pre-seeding available N in the 0–60 cm soil depth and increased grain yield and protein content with increasing application rates of liquid swine manure were observed. Under a reduced frequency application regime, elevation of pre-seeding available N, grain yield and protein content observed in the year of application declined in the second year, and were significantly diminished by the third year. Cumulative N use efficiency (NUE) was highest (50–60%) for low annual application and lowest (10–30%) for high annual application rates that were injected. Generally, injection of liquid swine manure into the soil resulted in better enhancement of pre-seeding available N, higher grain yield and protein content, and better NUE than broadcasting and incorporation. Type of opener used to inject swine manure had no significant effect on either crop response or available N. This study showed that in the Black soil zone of the parkland region of Saskatchewan, annual application of low to medium rates (100 to 200 kg total N ha-1) of liquid swine manure are sufficient for high grain yield and grain protein, without leaving excess nitrates in the soil. In contrast, annual application of high rates (400 kg total N ha-1) of liquid swine manure has no agronomic advantage over the lower rates, but may result in higher residual nitrates in the soil, increasing potential for environmental pollution. Key words: Swine manure, N availability, manure management, N use efficiency

Download Full-text