Green synthesized nano-cellulose polyethylene imine-based biological membrane

Abstract: In recent times, several approaches for targeted gene therapy (GT) had been studied. However, the emergence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a shuttle carrying genetic information between cells has gained a lot of interest in scientific communities. Owing to their higher capabilities in dealing with short sequences of nucleic acid (mRNA, miRNA), proteins, recombinant proteins, exosomes, the most popular form of EVs are viewed as reliable biological therapeutic conveyers. They have natural access through every biological membrane and can be employed for site-specific and efficient drug delivery without eliciting any immune responses hence, qualifying as an ideal delivery vehicle. Also, there are many research studies conducted in the last few decades on using exosome-mediated gene therapy into developing an effective therapy with the concept of a higher degree of precision in gene isolation, purification and delivery mechanism loading, delivery and targeting protocols. This review discusses several facets that contribute towards developing an efficient therapeutic regime for gene therapy, highlighting limitations and drawbacks associated with current GT and suggested therapeutic regimes.

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In vivo assembly of a biological membrane of defined size, shape, and lipid composition.

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.30.3.875-882.1979 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 875-882 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G J Brewer

Keyword(s):

Lipid Composition ◽

Biological Membrane

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Diffusion and Biological Membrane Permeability. II

Philosophy of Science ◽

10.1086/286680 ◽

1941 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 105-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John M. Reiner

Keyword(s):

Membrane Permeability ◽

Biological Membrane

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Lipid-protein stoichiometries in a crystalline biological membrane: NMR quantitative analysis of the lipid extract of the purple membrane

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)30196-6 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 132-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Angela Corcelli ◽

Veronica M.T. Lattanzio ◽

Giuseppe Mascolo ◽

Paride Papadia ◽

Francesco Fanizzi

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Biological Membrane ◽

Purple Membrane ◽

Lipid Extract

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Performance Study of Grass-Derived Nano-Cellulose and Polycaprolactone Composites for 3D Printing

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11031273 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 1273

Author(s):

Chen Feng ◽

Jiping Zhou ◽

Xiaodong Xu ◽

Yani Jiang ◽

Hongcan Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Mechanical Test ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Test Results ◽

Performance Study ◽

Compression Process ◽

Ansys Fluent ◽

Nano Cellulose ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

In recent years, 3D printing has received increasing attention from researchers. This technology overcomes the limitations of traditional technologies by printing precise and personalized scaffold with arbitrary shapes, pore structures, and porosities for the applications in various tissues. The cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is extracted from Humulus Japonicus (HJS) and mixed with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) to prepare a series of CNC/PCL composites for printing. Based on the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the series of the CNC/PCL composites, an optimal mass ratio of CNC to PCL was obtained. The Solidworks was used to simulate the stretching and compression process of the scaffolds with three different patterns under an external force. The flow of nutrient solution in the scaffolds with different patterns was simulated by ANSYS FLUENT, and then a new optimization scaffold pattern with a concave hexagon shape was advised based on the simulation results. Collectively, the mechanical test results of the material and scaffold confirmed that the optimal filling amount of the CNC was 5%, and the scaffold pattern with concave hexagon shape exhibited better mechanical properties and suitable for the transport of cells and nutrients, which is expected to be more widely used in 3D printing.

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Molecular Dynamics of Chloroplast Membranes Isolated from Wild-Type Barley and a Brassinosteroid-Deficient Mutant Acclimated to Low and High Temperatures

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11010027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Iwona Sadura ◽

Dariusz Latowski ◽

Jana Oklestkova ◽

Damian Gruszka ◽

Marek Chyc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Biological Membrane ◽

Hydrophobic Core ◽

Wild Type ◽

Chloroplast Membranes ◽

Paramagnetic Resonance ◽

Photosynthetic Membranes

Plants have developed various acclimation strategies in order to counteract the negative effects of abiotic stresses (including temperature stress), and biological membranes are important elements in these strategies. Brassinosteroids (BR) are plant steroid hormones that regulate plant growth and development and modulate their reaction against many environmental stresses including temperature stress, but their role in modifying the properties of the biological membrane is poorly known. In this paper, we characterise the molecular dynamics of chloroplast membranes that had been isolated from wild-type and a BR-deficient barley mutant that had been acclimated to low and high temperatures in order to enrich the knowledge about the role of BR as regulators of the dynamics of the photosynthetic membranes. The molecular dynamics of the membranes was investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic area of the membranes. The content of BR was determined, and other important membrane components that affect their molecular dynamics such as chlorophylls, carotenoids and fatty acids in these membranes were also determined. The chloroplast membranes of the BR-mutant had a higher degree of rigidification than the membranes of the wild type. In the hydrophilic area, the most visible differences were observed in plants that had been grown at 20 °C, whereas in the hydrophobic core, they were visible at both 20 and 5 °C. There were no differences in the molecular dynamics of the studied membranes in the chloroplast membranes that had been isolated from plants that had been grown at 27 °C. The role of BR in regulating the molecular dynamics of the photosynthetic membranes will be discussed against the background of an analysis of the photosynthetic pigments and fatty acid composition in the chloroplasts.

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