Biological Membrane Asymmetry and its Role in Bone Mineralization

2021 ◽  
Vol 396 (1) ◽  
pp. 2000243
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Membrane Asymmetry

Split Membrane Lipids and Polypeptides

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-532
Author(s):  
K.A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Basic Property ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Independent Method ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
Probe Molecules ◽  
Membrane Asymmetry ◽  
Physical Methods

It is currently accepted that the biological membrane is composed of amphiphilie lipids arranged in bilayers with functionally important proteins embedded in, or spanning, the hydrophobic interior of the bilayer (Singer, 1977). Support for this view comes from a variety of chemical and physical methods. Enzymatic and chemical modification reactions have established the basic property of membrane asymmetry for lipids (Verkleij et al., 1973) and proteins (Steck, 1978) and the results of many physical studies are most easily interpreted in the context of structural and functional asymmetry. Such studies often rely on the modification of biomembranes by probes; relatively few methods exist, however, to study the transbilayer concentration of native molecules directly. Moreover, the accessibility of reagent or probe molecules to membrane molecules or domains, or their distribution within or across the plane of the membrane, remain in some instances uncertain. In such instances it is desirable to have the means to determine their location directly by an independent method such as electron microscopy.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

Vitamin D Deficiency and Intoxication - A concern either way

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Muzafar Maqsood Wani ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed Wani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Biologic Function

Major biologic function of activated vitamin D is to maintain normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorus, thus regulating bone mineralization. Research suggests that vitamin D may help in immunomodulation, regulating cell growth and 1,4 differentiation as well as some diverse unspecified functions. Overt vitamin D deficiency leads to hypocalcaemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone turnover, which in prolonged and severe cases may cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in elderly.... JMS 2011;14(2):40-42

Exosomes: Structure, Biogenesis, Types and Application in Diagnosis and Gene and Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriya Agarwal ◽  
Vinayak Agarwal ◽  
Mugdha Agarwal ◽  
Manisha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Gene Isolation ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Therapeutic Regime ◽  
Targeted Gene Therapy ◽  
Delivery Mechanism

Abstract: In recent times, several approaches for targeted gene therapy (GT) had been studied. However, the emergence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a shuttle carrying genetic information between cells has gained a lot of interest in scientific communities. Owing to their higher capabilities in dealing with short sequences of nucleic acid (mRNA, miRNA), proteins, recombinant proteins, exosomes, the most popular form of EVs are viewed as reliable biological therapeutic conveyers. They have natural access through every biological membrane and can be employed for site-specific and efficient drug delivery without eliciting any immune responses hence, qualifying as an ideal delivery vehicle. Also, there are many research studies conducted in the last few decades on using exosome-mediated gene therapy into developing an effective therapy with the concept of a higher degree of precision in gene isolation, purification and delivery mechanism loading, delivery and targeting protocols. This review discusses several facets that contribute towards developing an efficient therapeutic regime for gene therapy, highlighting limitations and drawbacks associated with current GT and suggested therapeutic regimes.

Bone mineralization in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deisi M. Vargas ◽  
Tatiana Rigotti ◽  
Cibelli N. R. M. Gütz ◽  
Maria Claudia Schmitt-Lobe ◽  
Jucílio de A. Fernades
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bone Mineralization
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