Development of a Fusarium graminearum Affymetrix GeneChip for profiling fungal gene expression in vitro and in planta

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Güldener ◽  
Kye-Yong Seong ◽  
Jayanand Boddu ◽  
Seungho Cho ◽  
Frances Trail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Affymetrix Genechip ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Fungal Gene Expression ◽  
Fungal Gene

scholarly journals Phases of Infection and Gene Expression of Fusarium graminearum During Crown Rot Disease of Wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1571-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber E. Stephens ◽  
Donald M. Gardiner ◽  
Rosemary G. White ◽  
Alan L. Munn ◽  
John M. Manners
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Published Data ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fungal Gene Expression ◽  
Fungal Gene

Fusarium graminearum causes head blight (FHB) and crown rot (CR) diseases in wheat. Compared with FHB, CR symptom development occurs slowly, usually taking 4 to 8 weeks to become visible. To characterize CR development, we used histological and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses to assess fungal colonization during a timecourse of infection. Three distinct phases of infection were identified: i) initial spore germination with formation of a superficial hyphal mat at the inoculation point, ii) colonization of the adaxial epidermis of the outer leaf sheath and mycelial growth from the inoculation point to the crown, concomitant with a drop in fungal biomass, and iii) extensive colonization of the internal crown tissue. Fungal gene expression was examined during each phase using Affymetrix GeneChips. In total, 1,839 F. graminearum genes were significantly upregulated, including some known FHB virulence genes (e.g., TRI5 and TRI14), and 2,649 genes were significantly downregulated in planta compared with axenically cultured mycelia. Global comparisons of fungal gene expression with published data for FHB showed significant similarities between early stages of FHB and CR. These results indicate that CR disease development involves distinct phases of colonization, each of which is associated with a different fungal gene expression program.

scholarly journals Triacylglyceride Metabolism by Fusarium graminearum During Colonization and Sexual Development on Wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1492-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Guenther ◽  
Heather E. Hallen-Adams ◽  
Heike Bücking ◽  
Yair Shachar-Hill ◽  
Frances Trail
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Lipid Bodies ◽  
In Planta

Fusarium graminearum, a devastating pathogen of small grains, overwinters on crop residues and produces ephemeral perithecia. Accumulation of lipids in overwintering hyphae would provide reserves for overwinter survival and perithecium development. Fatty acid composition of cultures during perithecium development indicated a drop in neutral lipid levels during development but little change in fatty acid composition across stages. Microscopic examination of cultures early in sexual development revealed hyphal cells engorged with lipid bodies. In comparison, vegetative hyphae contained few lipid bodies. Microarray analysis was performed on wheat stems at stages of colonization through perithecium development. Gene expression analysis during stages of perithecium development both in planta and in vitro (previously published) supports the view that lipid biosynthesis occurs during early stages of wheat colonization leading to sexual development and that lipid oxidation occurs as perithecia are developing. Analysis of gene expression during the stages of wheat stem colonization also revealed sets of genes unique to these stages. These results support the view that lipids accumulate in hyphae colonizing wheat stalks and are subsequently used in perithecium formation on stalk tissue. These results indicate that extensive colonization of plant tissue prior to harvest is essential for subsequent sporulation on crop residues and, thus, has important implications for inoculum reduction.

scholarly journals In Planta Stage-Specific Fungal Gene Profiling Elucidates the Molecular Strategies of Fusarium graminearum Growing inside Wheat Coleoptiles

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 5159-5176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Wei Zhang ◽  
Lei-Jie Jia ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Gang Jiang ◽  
Xuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Fungal Gene

scholarly journals Peroxisome Function Is Required for Virulence and Survival of Fusarium graminearum

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1617-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyunghun Min ◽  
Hokyoung Son ◽  
Jungkwan Lee ◽  
Gyung Ja Choi ◽  
Jin-Cheol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Protein Import ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Peroxisomal Protein ◽  
Peroxisomal Targeting ◽  
Signal Type

Peroxisomes are organelles that are involved in a number of important cellular metabolic processes, including the β-oxidation of fatty acids, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, the role of peroxisomes was examined in Fusarium graminearum by targeted deletion of three genes (PEX5, PEX6, and PEX7) encoding peroxin (PEX) proteins required for peroxisomal protein import. PEX5 and PEX7 deletion mutants were unable to localize the fluorescently tagged peroxisomal targeting signal type 1 (PTS1)- and PTS2-containing proteins to peroxisomes, respectively, whereas the PEX6 mutant failed to localize both fluorescent proteins. Deletion of PEX5 and PEX6 resulted in retarded growth on long-chain fatty acids and butyrate, while the PEX7 deletion mutants utilized fatty acids other than butyrate. Virulence on wheat heads was greatly reduced in the PEX5 and PEX6 deletion mutants, and they were defective in spreading from inoculated florets to the adjacent spikelets through rachis. Deletion of PEX5 and PEX6 dropped survivability of aged cells in planta and in vitro due to the accumulation of ROS followed by necrotic cell death. These results demonstrate that PTS1-dependent peroxisomal protein import mediated by PEX5 and PEX6 are critical to virulence and survival of F. graminearum.

scholarly journals Gene Involved in Transcriptional Activation of the hrp Regulatory Gene hrpG in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (11) ◽  
pp. 4158-4162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Tsuge ◽  
Takeshi Nakayama ◽  
Shinsaku Terashima ◽  
Hirokazu Ochiai ◽  
Ayako Furutani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
In Planta

ABSTRACT A novel regulatory gene, trh, which is involved in hrp gene expression, is identified in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. In the trh mutant, expression of HrpG, which is a key regulator for hrp gene expression, is reduced both under the in vitro hrp-inducing condition and in planta.

scholarly journals Cinnamic-Derived Acids Significantly Affect Fusarium graminearum Growth and In Vitro Synthesis of Type B Trichothecenes

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 929-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Ponts ◽  
Laetitia Pinson-Gadais ◽  
Anne-Laure Boutigny ◽  
Christian Barreau ◽  
Florence Richard-Forget
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Type B ◽  
In Planta ◽  
In Vitro Synthesis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Toxin Accumulation

The impact of five phenolic acids (ferulic, coumaric, caffeic, syringic, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids) on fungal growth and type B trichothecene production by four strains of Fusarium graminearum was investigated. All five phenolic acids inhibited growth but the degree of inhibition varied between strains. Our results suggested that the more lipophilic phenolic acids are, the higher is the effect they have on growth. Toxin accumulation in phenolic acid-supplemented liquid glucose, yeast extract, and peptone cultures was enhanced in the presence of ferulic and coumaric acids but was reduced in the presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. This modulation was shown to correlate with a regulation of TRI5 transcription. In this study, addition of phenolic acids with greater antioxidant properties resulted in a higher toxin accumulation, indicating that the modulation of toxin accumulation may be linked to the antioxidant properties of the phenolic acids. These data suggest that, in planta, different compositions in phenolic acids of kernels from various cultivars may reflect different degrees of sensitivity to “mycotoxinogenesis.”

scholarly journals Novel Genes of Fusarium graminearum That Negatively Regulate Deoxynivalenol Production and Virulence

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1588-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Gardiner ◽  
Kemal Kazan ◽  
John M. Manners
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Amine Compounds ◽  
Fungal Genes ◽  
Fungal Gene Expression

Fusarium head blight of wheat, caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a serious disease resulting in both reduced yields and contamination of grain with trichothecene toxins, with severe consequences for mammalian health. Recently, we have identified several related amine compounds such as agmatine and putrescine that promote the production of high levels of trichothecene toxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), in culture by F. graminearum and F. sporotrichioides. Here, a global analysis of fungal gene expression using the Affymetrix Fusarium GeneChip during culture under DON-inducing conditions compared with noninducing conditions is reported. Agmatine differentially regulated a large number of fungal genes, including both known and previously uncharacterized putative secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. In silico prediction of binding sites for the transcriptional regulator (TRI6) controlling TRI gene expression and gene expression analysis in a TRI6 mutant of F. graminearum showed that three of the differentially regulated genes were under the control of TRI6. Gene knock-out mutations of two of these genes resulted in mutants with massively increased production of DON and increased aggressiveness toward wheat. Our results not only identify a novel mechanism of negative regulation of DON production and virulence in F. graminearum but also point out the potential of this pathogen to evolve with an ability to produce massively increased amounts of toxins and increased virulence.

scholarly journals Differential accumulation of poly(A)+ RNA between virulent and double-stranded RNA-induced hypovirulent strains of Cryphonectria (Endothia) parasitica.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3688-3693 ◽  
Author(s):  
W A Powell ◽  
N K Van Alfen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Rna Sequence ◽  
Differential Hybridization ◽  
Endothia Parasitica ◽  
Fungal Gene Expression ◽  
Fungal Gene

The double-stranded RNA responsible for transmissible hypovirulence in Cryphonectria (Endothia) parasitica was found to affect the accumulation of specific poly(A)+ RNA. Using differential hybridization techniques, two genes were isolated, Vir1 and Vir2, which were specifically expressed as poly(A)+ RNAs in the virulent cells. The highly expressed RNA sequences from these genes were not found in total RNA isolated from either American or European hypovirulent strains, although the genes were present in their genomes. Other virulence- and hypovirulence-specific RNA sequences were also detected. One isolated hypovirulence-specific RNA sequence was expressed in both virulent and hypovirulent cells, but in a two- to fourfold-higher concentration in the hypovirulent cells. The results show that hypovirulence is associated with concurrent changes in a few highly expressed poly(A)+ RNAs, which suggests a specific effect of the double-stranded RNA on fungal gene expression.

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