Persistence of foodborne diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in the agricultural and food production environment: Implications for food safety and public health

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Aijuka ◽  
Elna M. Buys
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Milk and Ground Beef Using Magnetic Bead–Based Immunoassay Coupled with Tyramide Signal Amplification

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHSIN AYDIN ◽  
GENE P. D. HERZIG ◽  
KWANG CHEOL JEONG ◽  
SAMANTHA DUNIGAN ◽  
PARTH SHAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Magnetic Bead ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Tyramide Signal Amplification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enrichment Step

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a major foodborne pathogen that has posed serious problems for food safety and public health. Recent outbreaks and recalls associated with various foods contaminated by E. coli O157:H7 clearly indicate its deleterious effect on food safety. A rapid and sensitive detection assay is needed for this harmful organism to prevent foodborne illnesses and control outbreaks in a timely manner. We developed a magnetic bead–based immunoassay for detection of E. coli O157:H7 (the most well-known Shiga toxigenic E. coli strain) with a 96-well microplate as an assay platform. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and tyramide signal amplification were coupled to the assay to increase its sensitivity and specificity. This immunoassay was able to detect E. coli O157:H7 in pure culture with a detection limit of 50 CFU/ml in less than 3 h without an enrichment step. The detection limit was decreased 10-fold to 5 CFU/ml with addition of a 3-h enrichment step. When this assay was tested with other nontarget foodborne pathogens and common enteric bacteria, no cross-reactivity was found. When tested with artificially contaminated ground beef and milk samples, the assay sensitivity decreased two- to fivefold, with detection limits of 250 and 100 CFU/ml, respectively, probably because of the food matrix effect. The assay results also were compared with those of a sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an ELISA coupled with IMS; the developed assay was 25 times and 4 times more sensitive than the standard ELISA and the IMS-ELISA, respectively. Tyramide signal amplification combined with IMS can improve sensitivity and specificity for detection of E. coli O157:H7. The developed assay could be easily adapted for other foodborne pathogens and will contribute to improved food safety and public health.

Informing source attribution of enteric disease: An analysis of public health inspectors’ opinions on the “most likely source of infection”

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Dumoulin ◽  
Andrea Nesbitt ◽  
Barbara Marshall ◽  
Nancy Sittler ◽  
Frank Pollari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Safety Practices ◽  
Source Of Infection

Enteric illness continues to place a significant burden on the health of Canadians. To reduce this burden and establish effective prevention and intervention practices, the sources of these infections need to be understood. Multiple methods have been used to examine source attribution. This study presents a unique method for examining source attribution and enteric disease risk factors within a Canadian community. Open text data from 2006 to 2010 were analyzed on the “most likely source of infection” (MLSI) identified by public health inspectors (PHIs), investigating sporadic endemic cases of enteric illness in the Region of Waterloo, Ontario. The MLSI data were classified under nine categories and analyzed using five disease groups consisting of overall enteric disease, campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) infection, and parasitic disease. Food was the most frequently reported MLSI for overall enteric disease (26.1%), salmonellosis (41.1%), and VTEC infection (31.3%). Animal and water exposure were the most frequently reported MLSI for campylobacteriosis (26.2%) and parasitic disease (45.8%), respectively. Food safety practices were more frequently implicated as the source of infection for salmonellosis (17.7%) and campylobacteriosis (12.6%), compared with verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) infection (6.3%) and parasitic disease (1.0%). The category unpasteurized was the third most frequent MLSI for campylobacteriosis (12.6%), along with food safety practices (12.6%). The analysis of PHIs’ opinions on the MLSI of enteric disease is a valuable method to inform source attribution. The enhanced Canada's National Integrated Enteric Pathogen Surveillance Program (C-EnterNet) standardized questionnaires provided an important source of data to complete this analysis. The results from this study can be used to generate hypotheses for future studies and inform public health policy and practice at the local, provincial, and national levels to reduce the burden of enteric illness in Canada.

Combating Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Microorganisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD P. C. LAI ◽  
ZAFAR IQBAL ◽  
TYLER J. AVIS
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Killing Action ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

ABSTRACT This review addresses an important public health hazard affecting food safety. Antimicrobial agents are used in foods to reduce or eliminate microorganisms that cause disease. Many traditional organic compounds, novel synthetic organic agents, natural products, peptides, and proteins have been extensively studied for their effectiveness as antimicrobial agents against foodborne Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria spp. and Salmonella. However, antimicrobial resistance can develop in microorganisms, enhancing their ability to withstand the inhibiting or killing action of antimicrobial agents. Knowledge gaps still exist with regard to the actual chemical and microbiological mechanisms that must be identified to facilitate the search for new antimicrobial agents. Technical implementation of antimicrobial active packing films and coatings against target microorganisms must also be improved for extended product shelf life. Recent advances in antimicrobial susceptibility testing can provide researchers with new momentum to pursue their quest for a resistance panacea.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Detection of Antibiotic and Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella: An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3499
Author(s):  
Siying Wu ◽  
John P. Hulme
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Strain Detection

Antibiotic and multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella poses a significant threat to public health due to its ability to colonize animals (cold and warm-blooded) and contaminate freshwater supplies. Monitoring antibiotic resistant Salmonella is traditionally costly, involving the application of phenotypic and genotypic tests over several days. However, with the introduction of cheaper semi-automated devices in the last decade, strain detection and identification times have significantly fallen. This, in turn, has led to efficiently regulated food production systems and further reductions in food safety hazards. This review highlights current and emerging technologies used in the detection of antibiotic resistant and MDR Salmonella.

scholarly journals Poultry hatcheries as potential reservoirs for antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli: A risk to public health and food safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamelia M. Osman ◽  
Anthony D. Kappell ◽  
Mohamed Elhadidy ◽  
Fatma ElMougy ◽  
Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Safety

scholarly journals DETECTION OF DIARRHEAGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI IN HUMAN DIARRHEIC STOOL AND DRINKING WATER SAMPLES IN OUAGADOUGOU, BURKINA FASO.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Isidore Juste Ouindgueta Bonkoungou ◽  
Namwin Siourimè Somda ◽  
Oumar Traoré ◽  
Barthelemy Sibiri Zoma ◽  
Zakaria Garba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Sachet Water

Background: The presence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in drinking water, is a grave public health problem. This study was aimed at characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from drinking water and faecal samples from diarrheic patients in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Materials and Methods: A total of 242 water samples consisting of 182 potable sachets and 60 from boreholes were collected in the period between October 2018 and April 2019 in the city of Ouagadougou. Faecal samples were also collected from 201 diarrheic patients visiting National Public Health Laboratory for a biological diagnosis by coproculture. The presence of virulence genes associated with DEC was determined by 16-plex polymerase chain reaction from bacteria culture. Results: From drinking water, we found 17% (42/242) Escherichia coli isolates in which 1% (2/242) DEC were detected. Among analyzed samples (182 sachet water versus 60 borehole water), the two DEC (01 ETEC and 01 EPEC) were detected in sachet water. DEC were detected in 20% (40/201) of patients. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) were mostly detected in 10% followed by Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in 4%, Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) in 2%, and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) 0.5%. However, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was not detected alone, but in co-infections with EAEC. Conclusion: The present study documented the prevalence of Escherichia coli pathovars associated in patients with diarrhea, and shows that drinking water might be a source of DEC transmission in human.

scholarly journals Characterization of Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Slaughtered Sheep in México

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Acosta-Dibarrat ◽  
Edgar Enriquez-Gómez ◽  
Martín Talavera-Rojas ◽  
Edgardo Soriano-Vargas ◽  
Armando Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Sheep represent one of the main reservoirs of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli; this microorganism is an etiological agent of food-borne diseases, therefore, this work aimed to identify and characterize the principal pathotypes of diarrheagenic E. coli obtained through rectal swabs and samples from sheep carcasses slaughtered in an abattoir at the central region of Mexico. The isolates were subjected to bacteriological identification, serotyping; phylogenetic classification; detection for virulence factors, and antimicrobial sensibility. A total of 90 E. coli isolates were obtained, diarrheagenic serotypes with health public relevance were found: O76:H19 (5), O146:H21 (3), O91:H10 (2), O6:NM (1), and O8:NM (1). According to pathotype, 47.7% of total isolates were Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, while 3.3% were enteropathogenic, 2.2% enterotoxigenic, and 1.1% enteroinvasive E. coli; the remaining isolates did not express the genes used to assign them to some pathotype. Regarding the Shiga toxin subtypes, 31/43 (72.09%) were cataloged as stx1c, 11/43 (25.5%), stx1a- stx1c and 1/43 (2.3%) stx1a- stx1d; while for stx2 it was possible identify stx2g 4/7(57.14%), stx2b 1/7 (14.7%) and stx2b-stx2g 2/7 (28.5%). Almost all pathotypes (91–100%) belonged to phylogroup B1. Furthermore, it was observed that the 90 isolates showed an antimicrobial resistance of 100% to nitrofurantoin, followed by ampicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These results highlight the importance of diarrheagenic E. coli as a potential risk for public health during the slaughtering process.

Usefulness of a Multiplex PCR for Detection of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in a Diagnostic Microbiology Laboratory Setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairun Nessa ◽  
Dilruba Ahmed ◽  
Johirul Islam ◽  
FM Lutful Kabir ◽  
M Anowar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Microbiology

A multiplex PCR assay was evaluated for diagnosis of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in stool samples of patients with diarrhoea submitted to a diagnostic microbiology laboratory. Two procedures of DNA template preparationproteinase K buffer method and the boiling method were evaluated to examine isolates of E. coli from 150 selected diarrhoeal cases. By proteinase K buffer method, 119 strains (79.3%) of E. coli were characterized to various categories by their genes that included 55.5% enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), 18.5% enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), 1.7% enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and 0.8% Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Although boiling method was less time consuming (<24 hrs) and less costly (<8.0 US $/ per test) but was less efficient in typing E. coli compared to proteinase K method (41.3% vs. 79.3% ; p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of boiling method compared to proteinase K method was 48.7% and 87.1% while the positive and negative predictive value was 93.5% and 30.7%, respectively. The majority of pathogenic E. coli were detected in children (78.0%) under five years age with 53.3% under one year, and 68.7% of the children were male. Children under 5 years age were frequently infected with EAEC (71.6%) compared to ETEC (24.3%), EPEC (2.7%) and STEC (1.4%). The multiplex PCR assay could be effectively used as a rapid diagnostic tool for characterization of diarrheagenic E. coli using a single reaction tube in the clinical laboratory setting.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2007; 01 (02): 38-42

The Affective Politics of Karma among Buddhist Cancer Charities in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-62
Author(s):  
Sara Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Existence ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
Moral Failure ◽  
Cancer Rates ◽  
Charity Work

In this article, I explore how Buddhist charity workers in Vietnam interpret rising cancer rates through understandings of karma. Rather than framing cancer as a primarily physical or medical phenomenon, volunteers state that cancer is a product of collective moral failure. Corruption in public food production is both caused by and perpetuates bad karma, which negatively impacts global existence. Conversely, charity work creates merit, which can improve collective karma and benefit all living beings. I argue that through such interpretations of karma, Buddhist volunteers understand their charity at cancer hospitals as an affective and ethical form of public health intervention.

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