Analysis of umami taste substances of morel mushroom (Morchella sextelata) hydrolysates derived from different enzymatic systems

Abstract Background Scarce is knowledge on the process regulating the development of acid secretion, orexigenic signaling, and chemosensing in the stomach of young pigs. Changes of early microbial encounters by suckling pigs can interact with the gut maturation, by the induction of different molecular signaling. Our goal was to assess if the age of offspring and the maternal environment, influenced by sow antibiotic treatment peripartum, could affect gastric morphology and the expression of genes involved in the control of hydrochloric secretion, feed intake, taste, and inflammation in offspring stomach. Methods 84 pigs from sows fed a diet with amoxicillin (on –d10 to +d21 from farrowing, ANT) or without (CON) were sacrificed at d14, d21, d28 (weaning) or d42. Samples of oxyntic (OXY), pyloric (PY) and cardiac mucosae close to OXY were collected and parietal and enteroendocrine cells (EECs) were counted. Relative gene expression of a set of 11 key genes (ATP4A, SSTR2, GAST, GHRL, MBOAT4, PCSK1, GNAT1, TAS1R1, TAS1R3, IL8 and TNF) was assessed by qRT-PCR. In addition, 40 offspring obtained from the same ANT and CON sows were offered a normal or a fat-enriched diet for 4 weeks between 140 and 169 d of age, and then OXY and PY were sampled. Results The number of parietal and EECs increased with age (P < 0.001). ATP4A increased with age (within suckling, P = 0.043, post-weaning vs. suckling, P < 0.001), SSTR2 increased only after weaning (P < 0.001). In OXY, GHRL increased during suckling (P = 0.012), and post-weaning as a trend (P = 0.088). MBOAT4 tended to increase during suckling (P = 0.062). TAS1R1 increased from suckling to post-weaning period (P =0.001) and was lower in ANT offspring (P = 0.013). GNAT1 in PY was higher in ANT offspring (P = 0.041). Antibiotic treatment of sows peripartum increased expression of GHRL and MBOAT4 in OXY of growing-finishing offspring aged 5 months. Conclusions Data show that sensing for umami taste and ghrelin regulation can be affected by maternal environment, but the development of acid secretion, orexigenic signaling and taste perception in the stomach are mostly developmentally controlled.

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Oxidative Activity of Aortic Tissue of Man, the Rabbit and the Dog, With Special Reference to Succinic Dehydrogenase and Cytochrome Oxidase

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1958.195.2.476 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 195 (2) ◽

pp. 476-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Nelicia Maier ◽

Henry Haimovici

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

Cytochrome Oxidase ◽

Abdominal Aorta ◽

Abdominal Segment ◽

Species Difference ◽

Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽

Hepatic Tissue ◽

Human Aorta ◽

Aortic Tissue ◽

Enzymatic Systems

Succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activities were determined in homogenates of three aortic segments (ascending and arch, descending thoracic, abdominal) and liver of man, the rabbit and the dog. Both enzymes exhibited the lowest activity in human aorta. Succinic dehydrogenase exhibited the highest activity in the thoracic aorta of the dog and intermediate activity in the latter's abdominal segment and the rabbit's aorta. Cytochrome oxidase, in contrast, exhibited the highest activity in the rabbit's aorta. A slight gradient of decreasing activity from thoracic to abdominal aorta was noted for cytochrome oxidase in both the rabbit and dog and for succinic dehydrogenase in the rabbit, whereas a significant decrease in the latter enzyme was noted in the abdominal segment of the dog. No gradient of activity was apparent in man. Liver exhibited the lowest activity for both enzymes in man, highest in the dog and intermediate in the rabbit. The above findings suggest a biologic species difference between the aorta of man, the rabbit and the dog, which may be partly ascribed to a difference in the components of the above two enzymatic systems. The same species difference holds true for hepatic tissue.

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Redox-Modulating Agents in the Treatment of Viral Infections

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21114084 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 4084 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Paola Checconi ◽

Marta De Angelis ◽

Maria Elena Marcocci ◽

Alessandra Fraternale ◽

Mauro Magnani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Redox State ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Influenza Virus Infection ◽

Redox Balance ◽

Physiological Conditions ◽

Cell Functions ◽

Enzymatic Systems ◽

Strong Inflammatory Response

Viruses use cell machinery to replicate their genome and produce viral proteins. For this reason, several intracellular factors, including the redox state, might directly or indirectly affect the progression and outcome of viral infection. In physiological conditions, the redox balance between oxidant and antioxidant species is maintained by enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems, and it finely regulates several cell functions. Different viruses break this equilibrium and induce an oxidative stress that in turn facilitates specific steps of the virus lifecycle and activates an inflammatory response. In this context, many studies highlighted the importance of redox-sensitive pathways as novel cell-based targets for therapies aimed at blocking both viral replication and virus-induced inflammation. In the review, we discuss the most recent findings in this field. In particular, we describe the effects of natural or synthetic redox-modulating molecules in inhibiting DNA or RNA virus replication as well as inflammatory pathways. The importance of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 is also discussed. Most of the data reported here are on influenza virus infection. We believe that this approach could be usefully applied to fight other acute respiratory viral infections characterized by a strong inflammatory response, like COVID-19.

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The hypolipidemic effect and antithrombotic activity of Mucuna pruriens protein hydrolysates

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c5fo01012h ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 434-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Francisco Herrera Chalé ◽

Jorge Carlos Ruiz Ruiz ◽

David Betancur Ancona ◽

Juan José Acevedo Fernández ◽

Maira Rubi Segura Campos

Keyword(s):

Protein Hydrolysates ◽

Mucuna Pruriens ◽

Hypolipidemic Effect ◽

Antithrombotic Activity ◽

Protein Concentrates ◽

Enzymatic Systems ◽

Peptide Fractions

Hydrolysates and peptide fractions (PF) obtained fromM. pruriensprotein concentrates with commercial and digestive enzymatic systems were studied for their hypolipidemic and antithrombotic activities.

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