How can public policy encourage private investments in Indian agriculture? Input subsidies vs. public investment

Food Policy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 102210
Author(s):  
Nusrat Akber ◽  
Kirtti Ranjan Paltasingh ◽  
Ashok K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Private Investments

scholarly journals ESSENCE AND SPECIFICS OF VENTURE INVESTMENT INTO INNOVATION ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (39) ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
Yu. Zhornokui ◽  
L. Doroshenko ◽  
O. Ruban ◽  
D. Тymoshenko
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Corporate Capital ◽  
Venture Investment ◽  
Private Investments ◽  
Venture Company

Abstract. On the basis of the analysis of scientific approaches and practical application, the authors have concluded that venture investment of innovation activity is a type of entrepreneurship based on the ability of an entrepreneur to accumulate investments from various sources, which is focused on the practical use of technical and technological innovations that are assessed as highly profitable, and which is aimed at fulfilling scientific and technical projects that have not been tested in practice, as well as at improving existing ones in order to exercise intellectual property rights and make a profit and (or) other effect (benefits). It has been noted that the analysis of the essence of venture investment of innovation activity at the current stage of the development of the National Innovation System, suggests that inter-temporal changes of public investment growth, which should act as an institutional magnet, are much greater than the dynamics of private investment. One of the key problems of the modern Ukrainian model of the development of venture industry, which is implemented at the state level, is the imbalance between public and private investments, which must be promptly eliminated. The temporary lack of private investments in Ukraine has been so far successfully replaced by public investments, but it is necessary to create a stable market for both private Ukrainian and foreign venture capital for the effective implementation of the global strategy of building an innovative economy. The authors have substantiated the position that the process of venture investment into innovation activity consists of two stages: 1) invention and development of the object of venture investment and 2) implementation and realization of the obtained result into production, services sector, etc. The specified stages can be combined or considered separately depending on the specialization and (or) specifics of the venture company. An approach to the recognition of two most common forms of venture investment into innovation activity has gained the development. These forms are: 1) investment into corporate capital of companies and 2) investment loans. However, both of these forms are often used simultaneously in practice. The essence of venture investment into innovation activity abroad compared to Ukraine, is the identity of the ultimate purpose of venture and innovative entrepreneurship, which is to make a profit through the industrial introduction of advanced technologies (materials, products, production methods, etc.), despite the fact that methods and means to achieve this purpose are different. Thus, sources of investment of venture entrepreneurship are diversified in different countries from purely private (through specially created structures) to a combination of private and public investment resources. It has been substantiated that venture investments are currently the most affordable alternative to loan financing. One can confidently state that this form of investment is the most profitable for the recipient company, because the previous experience of investors always has a positive effect on a venture company. Keywords: venture entrepreneurship, innovation activity, an investor, investment, venture capital, corporate capital. JEL Classification D92, E22             Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 11.

The Crowding-in/ out Debate in Investments in India: Fresh Evidence from NARDL Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-189
Author(s):  
Nusrat Akber ◽  
Megha Gupta ◽  
Kirtti Ranjan Paltasingh
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Household Savings ◽  
Real Rate ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Macroeconomic Uncertainty ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Private Investments ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Nonlinear Autoregressive

The purpose of the study is to re-examine the issue of the crowding-in/out effect of public investment on private investment by adopting an improved methodology of the ‘nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag’ (NARDL) model. Taking data from 1970 to 2016, the study finds that public investment crowds-in private investment both in the long-run as well as the short-run. However, the short-run elasticity is statistically more significant and larger in magnitude than the long-run elasticity. It has also been found that macroeconomic uncertainty significantly affects private investment both in the long-run and the short-run. Among other determinants of private investment, we observe foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow, credit flow to the private sector, household savings, real rate of interest and expected output affect private investment significantly. The policy implication of the study calls for the designing of public sector policies that enthuse more private investments. More credit flow to private sectors and FDI in different sectors of the economy should be prioritized. JEL Codes: E22, H54, C32

Climate Converts: Institutional Redeployment, Industrial Policy, and Public Investment in Energy in Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Llewelyn Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
State Functions

A large literature in political economy argues that governments in the advanced industrialized states retrenched from the application of industrial policy while resisting pressure to reform in a limited number of sectors. In this article, I argue that retrenchment and resistance do not fully describe the range of choices made by governments. Through an analysis of investment in energy policy in Japan, I show that in addition to retrenching from industrial policies and resisting pressure to reduce industrial targeting, domestic actors have retained and redeployed state functions in public policy areas unaffected by the causes of liberalization.

scholarly journals Economic sustainability of water supply public policy in Brazil semiarid regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e65963435
Author(s):  
Davi Madureira Victral ◽  
Luiza Barros Grossi ◽  
Alisson Martins Ramos ◽  
Hebert Medeiros Gontijo
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Semiarid Regions

Droughts affect semiarid regions worldwide, threatening economic activities and lives of people living in these places. In Brazil, 11% of the population inhabits the semiarid, and despite several mitigation measures taken by the State, it is still ranked as the most vulnerable Brazilian region and potentially the most affected by climate change. Throughout Brazilian history several public policies focused on water supply in the semiarid region have failed for different reasons. Two recurring arguments are the lack of financial resources and poor management. This work presents an analysis of a public policy that aims to provide quality and perennial water by desalting local brackish groundwater, the Programa Água Doce (PAD). We used the ecodevelopment theory to discuss the economic sustainability of the policy. The methodology used was a documental analysis, and a literature review to understand PAD’s main strengths and weaknesses. We found that the continuous flow of public and private investment was a decisive element to the implementation of the technology during the initial transference of responsibilities moment. In addition, by the gradual reduction of public investment, the management of the systems became local and funded by private resources from the beneficiaries. The PAD presents, in its dynamics, advances in the field of the dissemination of water treatment technologies and social technologies, especially in relation to the Management Agreements. However, the lack of processes for community empowerment and no strengthening of cooperativism resulted in disconnected systems that were not able to ensure economic sustainability.

scholarly journals PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT NEXUS IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA: CROWDING-IN OR OUT EFFECT?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Garvanlieva Andonova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Private Investments ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government

In the last two decades the economic growth of North Macedonia can be qualified as sluggish and volatile. In this period, the government has been proclaiming a narrative of fiscal and economic policies focused on public investment driven development and growth, yet the capital budget bias, has been significant with regularly overestimated plans vs. the outturn. The public investment-to-GDP ratio, has been an average 5.47%, ranging from minimum 4.0% (Y2007) to maximum 6.7% (Y2010). Simultaneously, the private investment-to-GDP ratio has been an average 17.1%, with minimum of 15% (in Y2005) and a maximum value of 20.6% (in Y2008). The FDI inflows, have been ranging from minimal below 1% in 2014 to maximum 12.7% in 2001, with average of 4.6% per annum. The trends of the variables straightforwardly do not suggest a nexus between public and private investments i.e. causing crowding-in or crowding out effect. In this paper it is investigated whether public investment and foreign direct investments crowd-out or crowd-in the private investment in North Macedonia. To test this hypothesis, we use the available annual data on private investment, public investment, foreign direct investments and GDP for the period of 2000-2017 (in real terms). A model of autoregressive distributed lag bound testing is used for the variables private investment, public investment, GDP and foreign direct investment. The results indicate a crowding-out effect of public over private investments with significance of the foreign direct investments are expected to show whether there is crowding-in or -out effect of the public over private investment and crowding-in effect of the foreign direct investments. The crowding-out effect is immediate and short run.

scholarly journals Marketing System of Fresh Friut and Vegetable: The Role of Modern and Wholesale Market in Jakarta and the Vicinity

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Togar A. Napitupulu
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Dynamic Markets ◽  
Private Investments ◽  
Regulatory Measures

Marketing system of fresh fruits and vegetable in the context of the rapidly growing dynamic markets in Jakarta and the vicinity was studied. Unstructured interviews and observations of key persons, and panels were conducted, primarily in three main wholesale markets in Jakarta and the vicinity and some supermarkets. It was found that the availability of management services and associated facilities are not yet fully compatible with modern markets. Their role, therefore, in catering to the supermarkets is limited, in particular for vegetables due to requirements on quality and delivery schedules. In general, supermarkets procure their supply directly from production centers through special/dedicated suppliers, which currently amounts to about 1% to 5% of total production from production centers. If policy and conducive economic incentive are available, wholesale markets are not only domain of public investment anymore, but also private investments alike. The newly established wholesale markets show that they now have a higher rate of utilization than in the years before. It is therefore for the local government and the central government to furthers devise conducive policy and regulatory measures, and for the private to take this opportunity in terms of investment in developing the economy of the region. 

scholarly journals Legislative Bargaining and the Dynamics of Public Investment

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCO BATTAGLINI ◽  
SALVATORE NUNNARI ◽  
THOMAS R. PALFREY
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Infinite Horizon ◽  
Bargaining Model ◽  
Perfect Equilibrium ◽  
Voting Rules ◽  
Legislative Bargaining ◽  
The Public ◽  
Markov Perfect

We present a legislative bargaining model of the provision of a durable public good over an infinite horizon. In each period, there is a societal endowment that can either be invested in the public good or consumed. We characterize the optimal public policy, defined by the time path of investment and consumption. In a legislature representatives of each ofndistricts bargain over the current period's endowment for investment in the public good and transfers to each district. We analyze the Markov perfect equilibrium under different voting q-rules where q is the number of yes votes required for passage. We show that the efficiency of the public policy is increasing in q because higher q leads to higher investment in the public good and less pork. We examine the theoretical equilibrium predictions by conducting a laboratory experiment with five-person committees that compares three alternative voting rules: unanimity (q = 5), majority (q = 3), and dictatorship (q = 1).

scholarly journals MALTHUS, STATISTICS, AND THE STATE OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-185
Author(s):  
SHAILAJA FENNELL
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
International Development ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Agricultural Trends

ABSTRACTReferences to Malthus are increasingly evident in narratives of agricultural trends in development discourse at the end of the twentieth century. This article addresses the long roots of Malthusian thinking in formulating public policy, that can be traced across from Malthus's own ideas and to subsequent construction of neo-Malthusianisms in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It deploys the distinction between two approaches to statistical data collection that emerge in Malthus's own time: an ‘open’ system that collects data to identify trends, and a ‘closed’ system that uses data to prove an existing model. The article uses these distinctions in order to demonstrate opposing tendencies in policy-making in both England and India, with particular reference to Indian agriculture. It shows how radical thinking about data collection as an inductive line of enquiry lost out to a deductive approach that regarded data on Indian agriculture as doomed, because of its ‘unimproved’ condition, and highlights three moments where opposing tendencies were important. The article concludes that this turn in thinking about food, land, and people continues to persist in agricultural policy-making in international development circles into the present.

scholarly journals La Reforma Político-Electoral de 2014 y su vinculación con el Derecho Humano al Acceso a la Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación en México. La Dualidad de la CTI: Derecho Humano al Acceso de la CTI y Política Pública / The Political-Electoral Reform of 2014 and its Linkage with the Human Right to the Access of Science, Technology and Innovation in Mexico. The Duality of the CTI: Human Right to Access of the CTI and Public Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Daniel Ulices Peralta Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Electoral Law ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation

ABSTRACTThis research work shows analytically the genuine link between Science, Technology and Innovation (CTI) and Electoral Law in administrative and jurisdictional headquarters, as well as the projection in public investment in CTI, attending the CTI block, not only from its traditional appreciation as a public policy, if not but as a Human Right, since precisely the vision proposed will allow us to provide the CTI with an integral duality in favor of social welfare, forcing the State to comply with the minimum of public investment in this field.RESUMENEl presente trabajo de investigación muestra de forma analítica la genuina vinculación entre la Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (CTI) y el Derecho Electoral en sede administrativa y jurisdiccional, así como la proyección en la inversión pública en CTI, atendiendo el bloque de CTI, no únicamente desde su perspectiva tradicional como política pública, sino como Derecho Humano, ya que precisamente la visión que se propone nos permitirá dotar a la CTI de una dualidad integral en pro del bienestar social, obligando al Estado a cumplir con el mínimo de inversión pública en el ramo.

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