scholarly journals Economic sustainability of water supply public policy in Brazil semiarid regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e65963435
Author(s):  
Davi Madureira Victral ◽  
Luiza Barros Grossi ◽  
Alisson Martins Ramos ◽  
Hebert Medeiros Gontijo
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Semiarid Regions

Droughts affect semiarid regions worldwide, threatening economic activities and lives of people living in these places. In Brazil, 11% of the population inhabits the semiarid, and despite several mitigation measures taken by the State, it is still ranked as the most vulnerable Brazilian region and potentially the most affected by climate change. Throughout Brazilian history several public policies focused on water supply in the semiarid region have failed for different reasons. Two recurring arguments are the lack of financial resources and poor management. This work presents an analysis of a public policy that aims to provide quality and perennial water by desalting local brackish groundwater, the Programa Água Doce (PAD). We used the ecodevelopment theory to discuss the economic sustainability of the policy. The methodology used was a documental analysis, and a literature review to understand PAD’s main strengths and weaknesses. We found that the continuous flow of public and private investment was a decisive element to the implementation of the technology during the initial transference of responsibilities moment. In addition, by the gradual reduction of public investment, the management of the systems became local and funded by private resources from the beneficiaries. The PAD presents, in its dynamics, advances in the field of the dissemination of water treatment technologies and social technologies, especially in relation to the Management Agreements. However, the lack of processes for community empowerment and no strengthening of cooperativism resulted in disconnected systems that were not able to ensure economic sustainability.

scholarly journals Public investment versus private investment: The case of Zambia

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Garikai Makuyana ◽  
Nicholas M. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
Market Intervention ◽  
Investment Growth ◽  
Poor Infrastructure

This paper highlights the growth dynamics of public and private investment in Zambia from 1964 to 2011. The evolution of the two components of investment in Zambia has been a product of market intervention and market-based policies. Initially, after its independence in 1964, the perpetuated market economy limited public investment growth to the basic infrastructural provision – for the first three years. However, the 1967 Mulungushi and the 1968 Matero nationalisation programmes brought about rapid expansion in public investment, especially from the early 1970s to the late 1980s. The market-based reforms that have been implemented in Zambia from 1991 have promoted private investment leadership – thereby, allowing public investment growth in economic activities that have complemented the private sector growth. Although private investment has grown to a position of economic dominance in Zambia, like many developing countries, the country still faces some challenges. These include inadequate and poor infrastructure, the high cost of human capital, cumbersome administrative procedures, and the high cost of financial capital.

Government Investment and Economic Growth in the Developing World (The Distinguishedl Lecture)

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (4I) ◽  
pp. 419-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin S. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
The Government

There has been a sea change in the views of the economics profession as well as economic policy-makers over the past decade or so regarding the role of the government in the development process. Indeed, it is now becoming conventional wisdom that government can no longer be a dominant player in economic activities, but rather should restrict itself to providing an “enabling” environment within which the private sector can take the lead and flourish. More specifically, government intervention in the economy has to be designed carefully so as to support the private sector and not inhibit its development. The general acceptance of this paradigm is evident in the steadily declining importance of government activities in the economies of most of the developing world. But does this new paradigm mean that government investment has no role whatsoever in affecting growth in developing countries? Reality is that public investment still represents a large share of total investment in the majority of developing countries, and the question is what role it plays in relation to private investment in stimulating economic growth. The objective of this paper is to ascertain empirically for a large group of developing countries the relative importance of public and private investment in promoting and sustaining growth.

Economic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic: Who are the Big Sufferers?

2020 ◽  
pp. 320-326
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Daily Wage ◽  
Liberalisation Policy ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The COVID-19 pandemic identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has spread almost to all the countries of the world. The mitigation measures imposed by most of the nations to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have badly hit the global economic activities. As per the latest estimates, the world economy is predicted to decline by 5.2 percent, and world trade is expected to drop by 13-32 percent in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this way it has created havoc in the world economy and the Indian economy is no exception. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has estimated the Indian GDP growth at 1.9 percent and showed the worst growth performance of India after the liberalisation policy of 1991. According to the World Bank, the Indian economy will contract by 3.2 percent in 2020-21. Daily wage labourers and other informal workers, particularly migrant labourers of economically poor states were the worst hit during the lockdown period and will continue to be adversely affected even after the lockdown was relaxed. The paper suggested multiple measures to support the Indian economic and financial support to all the families of the informal economy workers to tide over this crisis.

Public Financing of Human Development in India: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-81
Author(s):  
Sacchidananda Mukherjee ◽  
Shivani Badola
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Public Financing ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
Distribution Of Resources

Role of public financing of human development (HD) is inevitable, especially for developing countries like India where access to resources and economic opportunities are not equitably distributed among people. Governments aim to achieve equity in distribution of resources through allocative and redistributive policies whereas macroeconomic stabilisation policies aim to achieve higher economic growth and stability in the price level. Expenditure policies of the governments envisage in delivering larger public goods and services to enable people to take part in economic activities by investing in human capital and infrastructure developments. Progressivity of the tax system helps in achieving equity by redistribution of resources among people. Being merit goods, expenditures on education, health, and poverty eradication make it a case for public investment which empowers people to improve human capital. The benefit of universal economic participation is expected to contribute in larger mobilisation of public resources over time. Lack of economic opportunities and earning a respectable income may increase dependence on public transfers which may reduce fiscal space of the governments to finance programmes to promote overall economic growth. The objective of this article is to review existing studies on public financing of HD in India and highlight emerging challenges.

Management of water supply systems from interbasin transfers: case study in the Brazilian semiarid region

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
José Almir Cirilo ◽  
Alfredo Ribeiro Neto ◽  
Nyadja Menezes Rodrigues Ramos ◽  
Carla Fernanda Fortunato ◽  
Júlia Daniele Silva de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Interbasin Transfers ◽  
Supply Systems

scholarly journals Economic micro-systems? Non-market and not-only-for-profit economic activities in eco-communities

Human Affairs ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Blažek
Keyword(s):  
Potential Model ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Community Economy ◽  
Technological Transition ◽  
Micro Systems

AbstractEco-communities are a potential model for the socio-technological transition to a post-carbon society. The debate over their economic sustainability has, however, been limited. This article aims to enhance the discussion by offering a conceptualization of the economic micro-system created in eco-communities. It uses the economic terms households and firms to discuss two ways in which the community economy is positioned and then goes on to explore the principles behind the non-market (non-monetary) activities of households and the not-only-for-profit activities of firms as the basis of the eco-community economy. It concludes by pointing out that both can operate in parallel, with eco-communities producing non-market capital that can be used to develop not-only-for-profit activities which support the economic sustainability of the projects.

Analysis of Legal System and Public Policy on Rural Water Source in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4126-4129
Author(s):  
Zhen Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Source of water is the beginning of rural drinking water projects, safe water source is the key to rural drinking water safety. Status of rural drinking water source in china and laws and regulations on rural water conservation were analyzed. The population of centralized water supply accounts for 51% of the total population in rural areas in 2008, centralized water supply 49%. Groundwater source accounts for 57% of the population of centralized water supply projects in rural areas in 2008, surface water sources 43%. China has a relatively sound legal system of drinking water source, including basic law, general law, administrative regulations, local regulations.The paper draws a conclusion that sources of drinking water in rural areas is mainly groundwater, water conservation is short of specific laws and regulations and not suitable for rural area,it is necessary to improve laws and regulations on rural water conservation, government must assume responsibility for rural water conservation, especially financial investment and public policy support.

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