ACCEPTABILITY OF DEVELOPED YAMBO (SYZYGIUM JAMBOS)FRUIT AS TEA-SUBSTITUTE

This study was conducted to determine the acceptability of developed yambo (Syzygiumjambos) fruit as tea-substitute as evaluated by the taste panelists based on its sensory quality. The researcher harvested ripe fruits of yambo from different barangays of Cavinti, Laguna, along the river side and lake shore. Boiled tea was submitted for microbial analysis to test the safety of the product.This research emphasizes that underutilized fruits like yambo can be developed into other products which serve as an eye opener for its value. This study sought answers to the following questions: (1) Is yambo fruit can be made or developed as tea? (2) Is yambo fruit tea safe to drink by the panelists in terms of microbial present? (3) What are the levels of acceptability of yambo fruit tea-substitute in terms of color, aroma, flavor, consistency and general acceptability? (4) Is there significant difference in the acceptability of developed yambo based on the profile of the panelists? and (5) Is there significant difference in the degree of acceptability of developed yamboas tea-substitute according to its level in grams?Yambo fruit was developed into tea. Experimental method was employed to answer the above stated problems. There are 4 treatments. Each one has variation of tea content per bag but mixed with same amount of sugar. A score- sheet was used to test its acceptability using the five parameters. Yambo fruit tea was prepared by applying the following procedures: collection of yambo fruit, weighing, blanching, cutting, cabinet drying, pin milling, and packaging. Findings of the study disclosed that all the treatments are acceptable but the treatment which has 10 grams of yambo emerged as the most highly acceptable among the taste panelists irrespective of sex and age.Further, the study limits its scope only on the microbial analysis of yambo as fruit tea-substitute. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct further studies on the toxicity level and shelf - life of the tea.

Inhibitory Effects of Syzygium jambos Extract on Biomarkers of Endothelial Cell Activation

Background: Disordered endothelial cell activation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, cancer, sepsis, viral infections, and inflammatory responses. There is interest in developing novel therapeutics to regulate endothelial cell function in atherothrombotic, metabolic, vascular, and hematological diseases. Extracts from leaves of the Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (S. jambos) trees have been proposed to treat cardiovascular diseases and diabetes through unclear mechanisms. We investigated the effects of the S. jambos extract on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and immune responses in the human endothelial cell line, EA.hy926. Methods: Leaves of S. jambos were collected, concocted and lyophilized. To study the effects of S. jambos on endothelial cell activation, we used the human endothelial cell line. IL-6 levels were measured using qPCR and ELISA. PDI activity was measured using Insulin Turbidity and Di-E-GSSG assays. CM-H2DCFDA was used to study ROS levels. Migration assay was used to study S. jambos effect on ex vivo human polymorphonuclear and human mononuclear cells.Results: Our results show that incubation of EA.hy926 cells with ET-1 led to a 6.5 ± 1.6 fold increase in IL-6 expression by qPCR, an event that was blocked by S. jambos. Also, we observed that ET-1 increased extracellular protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) activity that was likewise dose-dependently blocked by S. jambos (IC50=14µg/mL). Consistent with these observations, ET-1 stimulated ex vivo human polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cell migration that also was dose-dependently blocked by S. jambos. In addition, ET-1 stimulation led to significant increases in ROS production that were sensitive to S. jambos. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the S. jambos extract represents a novel cardiovascular protective pharmacological approach to regulate endothelial cell activation, IL-6 expression, and immune-cell responses.

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Activities of Glycosylated Flavonoids from Syzygium jambos in Edematogenic Agent-Induced Paw Edema in Mice

Two glycosylated flavonoids, the quercetin-3-O-β-d-xylofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside and myricetin-3-O-β-d-xylofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, were isolated from the CH2Cl2/MeOH fraction of Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston, Myrtaceae. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic means. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated against the RAW 264.7 cell lines by the lactate dehydrogenase assay. All analyzed compounds were less cytotoxic than the positive control (actinomycin D, CC50 = 0.008 μM). The anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities were evaluated by measuring inflammatory parameters in murine models. The two glycosylated flavonoids inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor-α in RAW 264.7 cell line with IC50 of 1.68 and 1.11 μM, respectively. In addition, all flavonoids decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen at a dose of 5 mg/kg in murine models. Graphical abstract

Studies of Physico-chemical Properties and Cytotoxicity of Fruits of Syzygium jambos L. against HeLa and Vero Cell Lines

Syzygium jambos L. belonging to the family Myrtaceae has a long history of using as a dietary fruit and folklore medicine. Investigation of this fruit was carried out to evaluate the different chemical properties and biological activities. The moisture and ash content of the fruit sample were calculated as 86.88 ± 0.61% and 0.29±0.02%, respectively. Dried powder of the fruit was extracted successively with nhexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH). UV-Visible and FT-IR spectral analyses confirmed the presence of unsaturated carboxylic acid in n-hexane, unsaturated ester in DCM and a diketone in MeOH extracts. Cytotoxicity assay of different extracts was carried out against HeLa and Vero cell lines and no extract was found to be cytotoxic. Total phenolic contents of the n-hexane, DCM and MeOH extracts were 15.39 ± 0.24, 31.32 ± 0.25 and 42.19 ± 0.16 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry extract, respectively and total flavonoid content of n-hexane, DCM and MeOH extracts were 6.52 ± 0.18, 15.55 ± 0.16 and 8.36 ± 0.16 mg quercetin equivalent per gram of dry extract, respectively. This study establishes that S. jambos fruit can be a potential source of natural antioxidants. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 24(2): 111-116, 2021

Analysis of the volatile oils from three species of the gender Syzygium

The species Syzygium cumini, Syzygium malaccense and Syzygium jambos, belong to the family Myrtaceae and are popularly known, respectively, by jambolan, red jambo and yellow jambo. These species are used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus, asthma, bronchitis, diuresis, gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, properties antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and several other uses. The objective of this work is to identify and quantify the volatile compounds in the leaves of S. cumini, S. malaccense and S. jambos. The volatile oils were obtained by hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). It was possible to identify 44 compounds present in the volatile oils of the leaves, being 20 compounds of S. cumini, 9 compounds of S. malaccense and 15 compounds of S. jambos. The major compounds present in the species S. cumini were α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene and α-humulene; for the species S. malaccense were aristolochene, γ-himachalene and δ-amorphene; and for S. jambos species were β-cariophyllene, (E,E)-α-farnesene and cariophyllene alcohol. The species S. cumini, S. malaccense and S. jambos showed considerable differences in terms of volatile compounds, it is important to know their constituents in order to promote further studies focused on their medicinal potential.

THE ANTIOBESITY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ROSE APPLE (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston) ON FEMALE WISTAR RATS

<p>Obesity prevalence has increased in recent years and has caused serious health problems. This research was carried out to obtain alternative antiobesity therapy with more minimal side effects. Antiobesity activity of rose apple (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston) leaves on female Wistar rats induced by high carbohydrate food for 45 days and subcutaneously injection of MSG 2 g/kgbw. Extraction was carried out using maceration method 96% ethanol. The test parameters observed were body weight, food intake, stool consistency and weight, liver and abdominal fat tissue weight. The results showed that high carbohydrate food and monosodium glutamate could induce obesity. Ethanol extract of rose apple leaves at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kgbw body weight had antiobesity activity by inhibiting body weight gain significantly compased to positive control group (p&lt;0.05). The highest antiobesity effect was shown by the ethanol extract of rose apple leaves at a doses of 50 mg/kgbw with % inhibition of body weight gain of 169.3% to positive control group. Ethanol extract of rose apple leaves may reduce appetite, but didn’t have laxative effect and couldn’t reduce fat deposits in the liver and abdominal fat tissue.</p>

Diagnóstico quali-quantitativo da arborização urbana do bairro Laguinho em Santarém – Pará

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um diagnóstico quali-quantitativo da arborização urbana no bairro do Laguinho, em Santarém, Pará. Foram encontrados 166 indivíduos, distribuídos em 32 espécies, sendo 17 exóticas e 15 nativas, pertencentes a 16 famílias botânicas. Houve a predominância de Azadirachta indica com 25 plantas, seguida de Licania tomentosa com 22, Ficus benjamina L. com 21, Syzygium jambos com 17 e Mangifera indica L. com 10. As famílias botânicas representadas pelo maior número de espécies foram Fabaceae com 6, Arecaceae, com 5, seguida de Myrtaceae, Anacardiaceae e Bignoniaceae com 3 espécies cada. Na distribuição em classes de altura, 49,4% dos indivíduos apresentaram altura entre 2,5 e 5 m, entretanto o somatório das plantas com altura acima de 5 m alcança 46,39%. O DAP médio encontrado foi de 25,25 cm. Verifica-se a predominância de espécies exóticas e a maioria dos exemplares estavam saudáveis. Apesar de algumas incompatibilidades, as estruturas do bairro em questão encontram-se em condições satisfatórias quanto aos aspectos avaliados. Entretanto, a arborização ainda é jovem e está em desenvolvimento, faltando apenas que amadureçam para que os indivíduos atinjam a altura e diâmetros necessários para ocorrência dos conflitos analisados.

Syzygium jambos (rose apple).

S. jambos is considered one of the best, if not the best, Syzygium fruit; however, low yield, susceptibility to bruising and short shelf life are serious handicaps. Therefore, it is to be expected that it will remain a home garden tree, appreciated for its ornamental value as much as for its fruit. There is scope for the rose apple as an agroforestry species in denuded areas where soil conservation is important. In addition to producing timber, the stand could be used for the essential oil in the leaves, the pectin in the fruit, or as forage for bees. S. jambos is widely distributed pantropically, but is often rare where introduced and has now only limited economic value. S. jambos has been spreading on oceanic islands where it is viewed with concern because of its perceived high impact on biodiversity. S. jambos casts a heavy shade, is able to regenerate under forest canopy, and is often found in monotypic stands. It is poorly dispersed and as a result it does not spread rapidly further a field. Once established it reduces plant species richness but tends to favour some native species and produces a habitat conducive to some endemic bird species.