Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well established biochemical marker for atherosclerosis. Inflammation induced by CRP promotes endothelial dysfunction. Modification of LDL inside the artery wall favors the elevation of this acute phase protein. The mechanism of OxLDL+CRP complex is unrevealed so far. Hence, this mechanism was considered as the important factor to trigger the monocyte to macrophages differentiation which in leads to foam cells formation. Hence this key event should be targeted and focused on how this complex (OxLDL+CRP) proceeds to endothelial dysfunction. OPC is a well known cardioprotective flavon-3-ols. The present study is challenged between the protective roles of OPC against the deleterious effect of this complex (OxLDL+CRP) on endothelial cells. Monolayer of Endothelial cells were incubated with THP-1 monocytes for 48 h supplemented with OxLDL (10mg/ml) + CRP (10 mg/ml) complex and treated with OPC (100mg/ml). Morphological changes, cell migration assay and capillary tube forming assay was carried out. Myeleoperoxidase levels were estimated to determine the adhesion of monocytes onto EC monolayer. RT-PCR analysis of L-Selectin was done. The quantification of NO levels and analysis of mRNA expressions of eNOS is to determine the nitric oxide demand caused due to OxLDL+CRP complex. LOX-1, scavenger receptor levels were analysed by mRNA expression. Proinflammatory markers such as IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-1b were studied. Accumulation of ROS levels were measured fluorimetrically using DCF-DA. Spectrophotometric analysis of Sirius red dye binding collagen levels was observed. Mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by JC-1 dye and cell cycle analysis was done by FACS analysis. Protein –Protein docking was carried out between CRP and LOX-1. This docked protein complex were again docked with OPC and atrovastatin to show the inhibitory mechanism of CRP binding with LOX-1. OPC showed a promising inhibitory mechanism against OxLDL+CRP complex. To emphasis the results OPC treated group showed decreased levels of proinflammatory markers, LOX-1 and L-Selectin levels. Endothelial nitric oxide levels were increased upon OPC treatment and reduction in the ROS levels. Endothelial cells apoptosis was prevented by OPC. Docking studies showed that in the absence of ligands (OPC) binding of CRP and LOX-1 was greater and vice versa in the presence of ligands. To conclude, OxLDL + CRP complex inhibitory effects of OPC could maintain the normal homeostasis.
Amelioration of C - Reactive Protein and Lectin Like Oxidised Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Complex Induced Endothelial Dysfunction by Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins.