Non-destructive radiological characterization applied to fusion waste management

2021 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 112805
Author(s):  
Giuseppe A. Marzo ◽  
Luigi Lepore ◽  
Riccardo Levizzari ◽  
Luigi Di Pace ◽  
Nadia Cherubini
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Radiological Characterization

State-of-the-Art NDA System for the Automated Characterisation of 400 Litre, High Density Waste Packages

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilpo Huhtiniemi ◽  
Reinhard Berndt ◽  
Bent Pedersen ◽  
Peter Schillebeeckx ◽  
Massimo Anselmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract This paper will review a non-destructive assay (NDA) system that represents a fundamental element in the JRC’s strategy to characterise radioactive wastes originating from four decades of nuclear research activities conducted at the Ispra Site. The technical solution selected by JRC-Ispra will be reviewed in detail in the light of special requirements imposed by the qualities of the waste packages, the operational objectives of JRC-Ispra, and the applicable Italian regulations. The intended plant is a state-of-the-art characterisation system that will operate in an industrial environment and therefore be of significant interest to the radioactive waste management community.

Radiological Characterization of the Nuclear Waste Streams of the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Maris ◽  
Rene´ Cornelissen ◽  
Michel Bruggeman
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Disposal Option ◽  
The Many ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Radiological Characterization

The radiological characterization of nuclear wastes of a research centre is difficult seen the many different processes that generate waste. Since these wastes may contain radionuclides relevant for the disposal option, the nuclide content and activity have to be known. Considering the fact that some wastes are generated only in minor quantities, complex approaches, involving sampling and successive analysis are not justified. Basic physical models can generally be applied to estimate activity ratios, from which the radionuclide inventory can be determined by non-destructive assay on waste-packages. This article discusses waste streams at the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN and explains how nuclide inventories and activity are determined. The physical models, used to derive activity ratios, and other simple approaches are discussed.

scholarly journals Non-destructive assay of nuclear waste containers using muon scattering tomography in the Horizon2020 CHANCE project

2020 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
Anna Kopp ◽  
Ahmad Alrheli ◽  
Daniel Kikoła ◽  
Mohammed Mhaidra ◽  
Patrick Stowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Nuclear Waste Management ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Muon Scattering ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Waste Drums

Methods for the non-destructive assay of nuclear waste drums are of great importance to the nuclear waste management community, especially where loss in continuity of knowledge about the content of drums happened or chemical processes altering the contents of the drums may occur. Muon scattering tomography has been shown to be a promising technique for the non-destructive assay of nuclear waste drums in a safe way. By measuring tracks of muons entering and leaving the probed sample and extracting scattering angles from the tracks, it is possible to draw conclusions about the contents of the sample and its spatial arrangement. Within the CHANCE project, a newly built large-scale mobile detector system for scanning and imaging the contents of nuclear waste drums using atmospheric muons is currently undergoing commissioning.

scholarly journals How could Archeo-Geophysics help garbage disposal? A fortuitous discovery in Central Italy

Antiqua ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Pier Matteo Barone ◽  
Carlotta Ferrara ◽  
Elena Pettinelli
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Garbage Disposal ◽  
Geophysical Technique ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive

We present a non-destructive geophysical technique (Ground Penetrating Radar) as a suitable method for both the detection of buried archeological structures, as is already known, and as an aid to local administrators in the planning of potential waste management sites (e.g., landfills or incinerators). This can prevent the potential destruction of important archeological sites. The discovery of a subsurface archeological target a few dozen kilometers northeast of Rome, near the proposed site for the construction of a waste-to-energy incinerator, should cause local administrations to reconsider their plans for construction at this site.

Decommissioning of the Radio Chemical Hot Laboratory of the European Commission Joint Research Centre of Ispra

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Ugolini ◽  
Francesco Rossi ◽  
Francesco Basile
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Joint Research Centre ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Radiological Characterization

The construction of the Radio Chemical Hot Laboratory (RCHL) of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of Ispra began in the early 1960s while the laboratory activities started in 1964. In 1976 an annex to the main building was built. At this time the RCHL main research activities were in environment and biochemistry by means of radioactive tracers; neutron activation analyses; extraction of actinides from radioactive liquid waste coming from the nuclear fuel reprocessing plants; and analyses of U, Pu, and Th in samples from the nuclear fuel cycle in order to determine the isotopic ratio and the burn-up. In 1978, a new area of laboratories named “Stabularium” was built to study the metabolism of heavy metal on laboratory animals. Complementary to the laboratory three pneumatic transfer systems for irradiated sources connected the RCHL to two research reactors. The decommissioning activities of the 2650 m2 facility started in January 2008 and they were completed at the end of 2010 with the release for unrestricted use of all the buildings of the facility. They consisted in five main tasks; pre-decommissioning, licensing, dismantling, waste management, and final survey. The main pre-decommissioning activities were the physical and radiological characterization of the facility. The principal licensing activity was the preparation of the delicensing documentation to obtain the license termination from the safety authorities. Dismantling consisted in the removal of all the equipments and ancillary systems, of the pneumatic transfer system, and in the decontamination of the structures of the controlled zone. The waste management was limited to the transfer of the waste and of the clearable material to the centralized waste management facility. The final survey consisted in the final radiological characterization to quantify the concentration of any residual radioactivity remained after the completion of the dismantling activities for the release of the RCHL without any radiological constraints. The safety and radioprotection prescriptions adopted were the minimization of the conventional and nuclear risk for the workers (reducing the dose rate), the minimization of the environmental risks (reducing the external liquid, solid and gaseous releases), and the confinement of the contamination where it was generated. This paper describes the pre-decommissioning, dismantling, and final survey activities undertaken to perform the decommissioning of the RCHL.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Testing Methods as a Main Tool Supporting Effective Waste Management in Construction Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jaskowska-Lemańska ◽  
J. Sagan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Management Hierarchy ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractConstruction and demolition (C&D) waste management should be accordance with the waste management hierarchy. In practice, C&D waste are often downcycling. It is the result of many factors, including lack of awareness about the value inherent in waste. The paper presents analysis of the adaptability of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for technical assessment of waste properties. As part of the work, non-destructive testing methods were described and classified in accordance with material and the features they enable testing. The publication presents examples of the use of NDT in the recovery of building materials during construction projects, in the field of influence of technical information of waste on the way it is managed. Finally, a scheme of waste management process during the renovation of an object with the application of NDT methods was presented.

Luminescence from individual dislocations in II-VI and III-V semiconductors

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 834-835
Author(s):  
J W Steeds
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
Luminescence Properties ◽  
Carrier Recombination ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Semiconducting Compounds ◽  
Diamond Group ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Technological Significance

There is a wide range of experimental results related to dislocations in diamond, group IV, II-VI, III-V semiconducting compounds, but few of these come from isolated, well-characterized individual dislocations. We are here concerned with only those results obtained in a transmission electron microscope so that the dislocations responsible were individually imaged. The luminescence properties of the dislocations were studied by cathodoluminescence performed at low temperatures (~30K) achieved by liquid helium cooling. Both spectra and monochromatic cathodoluminescence images have been obtained, in some cases as a function of temperature.There are two aspects of this work. One is mainly of technological significance. By understanding the luminescence properties of dislocations in epitaxial structures, future non-destructive evaluation will be enhanced. The second aim is to arrive at a good detailed understanding of the basic physics associated with carrier recombination near dislocations as revealed by local luminescence properties.

Forensic Identifications Aided by Scanning Electron Microscopy of Silicone-Epoxy Microreplicas of Calcified and Cornified Structures

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 678-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Sognnaes
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
George Washington ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Extended Application ◽  
Tissue Surfaces ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Surface Changes

Sufficient experience has been gained during the past five years to suggest an extended application of microreplication and scanning electron microscopy to problems of forensic science. The author's research was originally initiated with a view to develop a non-destructive method for identification of materials that went into objects of art, notably ivory and ivories. This was followed by a very specific application to the identification and duplication of the kinds of materials from animal teeth and tusks which two centuries ago went into the fabrication of the ivory dentures of George Washington. Subsequently it became apparent that a similar method of microreplication and SEM examination offered promise for a whole series of problems pertinent to art, technology and science. Furthermore, what began primarily as an application to solid substances has turned out to be similarly applicable to soft tissue surfaces such as mucous membranes and skin, even in cases of acute, chronic and precancerous epithelial surface changes, and to post-mortem identification of specific structures pertinent to forensic science.

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