A low-cost physical location discovery scheme for large-scale Internet of Things in smart city through joint use of vehicles and UAVs

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 310-326
Author(s):  
Haojun Teng ◽  
Mianxiong Dong ◽  
Yuxin Liu ◽  
Wang Tian ◽  
Xuxun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical Location ◽  
Location Discovery

scholarly journals Evaluating Awareness and Perception of Botnet Activity within Consumer Internet-of-Things (IoT) Networks

Informatics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher McDermott ◽  
John Isaacs ◽  
Andrei Petrovski
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Home Networks ◽  
Cross Sectional

The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), and demand for low-cost, easy-to-deploy devices, has led to the production of swathes of insecure Internet-connected devices. Many can be exploited and leveraged to perform large-scale attacks on the Internet, such as those seen by the Mirai botnet. This paper presents a cross-sectional study of how users value and perceive security and privacy in smart devices found within the IoT. It analyzes user requirements from IoT devices, and the importance placed upon security and privacy. An experimental setup was used to assess user ability to detect threats, in the context of technical knowledge and experience. It clearly demonstrated that without any clear signs when an IoT device was infected, it was very difficult for consumers to detect and be situationally aware of threats exploiting home networks. It also demonstrated that without adequate presentation of data to users, there is no clear correlation between level of technical knowledge and ability to detect infected devices.

scholarly journals Enabling Technologies for Effective Deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Jamil Y. Khan ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
Oliver Hulin
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
Networking Technologies

The demand for IoT (Internet of Things) systems that encompass cloud computing, the multitude of low power sensing and data collection electronic devices and distributed communications architecture is increasing at an exponential pace. With increasing interests from different industrial, business and social groups, in the near future it will be necessary to support massive deployment of diverse IoT systems in different geographical areas. Large scale deployment of IoT systems will introduce challenging problems for the communication designers, as the networking is one of the key enabling technologies for the IoT systems. Major challenges include cost effective network architecture, support of large area of coverage and diverse QoS (Quality of Service) requirements, reliability, spectrum requirements, energy requirements, and many other related issues. The paper initially reviews different classes of IoT applications and their communication requirements. Following the review, different communications and networking technologies that can potentially support large scale deployment of IoT systems for different industrial, business and social applications are discussed. The paper then concentrates on wireless networking technologies for IoT systems with specific focus on deployment issues. The deployment discussion concentrates on different IoT systems QoS and networking requirements, cost, coverage area and energy supply requirements. We introduce a sustainable low cost heterogeneous network design using short range radio standards such as IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee, IEEE 802.11/WLAN that can be used to develop a wide area networks to support large number of IoT devices for various applications. Finally the paper makes some general recommendations towards sustainable network design techniques for future IoT systems that can reduce the OPEX and CAPEX requirements.

scholarly journals LoRa (Long-Range) High-Density Sensors for Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Lavric
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart City ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
High Density ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Spreading Factor ◽  
Transfer Of Information ◽  
And Control

Over the past few years, there has been a growing awareness regarding the concept of Internet of Things (IoT), which involves connecting to the Internet various objects surrounding us in everyday life. The main purpose of this concept closely connected to the smart city issue is increasing the quality of life by contributing to streamlining resource consumption and protecting the environment. The LoRa communication mechanism is a physical layer of the LoRaWAN protocol, defined by the LoRa Alliance. Compared to other existing technologies, LoRa is a modulation technique enabling the transfer of information over a range of tens of kilometers. The main contribution this paper brings to the field is analyzing the scalability of the LoRa technology and determining the maximum number of sensors which can be integrated into this type of monitoring and control architecture. The sensor architecture is specific to the smart city concept that involves the integration of a large number of high-density sensors distributed on a large-scale geographic area. The reason behind this study is the need to assess the scalability of the LoRa technology, taking into consideration other factors, such as the packet payload size, the duty circle parameter, the spreading factor, and the number of nodes. The experimental results reveal that the maximum number of LoRa sensors that can communicate on the same channel is 1,500; furthermore, in order to obtain a high performance level, it is necessary to schedule and plan the network as carefully as possible. The spreading factor must be allocated according to the distance at which the sensor is placed from the gateway.

scholarly journals IOT based application for monitoring electricity power consumption in home appliances

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 4988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korakot Luechaphonthara ◽  
Vijayalakshmi A
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Smart Objects ◽  
Home Appliances ◽  
Electricity Power ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<p><span lang="EN">Internet of Things is one of the emerging techniques that help in bridging the gap between the physical and cyber world. In the Internet of Things, the different smart objects connected, communicate with each other, data is gathered from the smart objects and based on the need of the users, and the data gathered are queried and sent back to the user. IoT helps in monitoring electrical and physical parameters. Electricity consumption from electronic devices is one among such parameters that need to be monitored. The development of energy efficient schemes for the IoT is a challenging issue as the IoT becomes more complex due to its large scale the current techniques of wireless sensor networks cannot be applied directly to the IoT. To achieve the green networked IoT, this paper proposes a Wi-Fi enabled simple low cost electricity monitoring device that can monitor the electricity consumption on home appliances which helps to analyses the consumption of electricity on a daily and weekly basis. </span></p>

scholarly journals Large-Scale Mobile Sensing Enabled Internet-of-Things Testbed for Smart City Services

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 785061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Lanza ◽  
Luis Sánchez ◽  
Luis Muñoz ◽  
José Antonio Galache ◽  
Pablo Sotres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mobile Sensing

scholarly journals A Review of Unmanned System Technologies with Its Application to Aquaculture Farm Monitoring and Management

Drones ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Naomi A. Ubina ◽  
Shyi-Chyi Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Aquaculture Farm ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This paper aims to provide an overview of the capabilities of unmanned systems to monitor and manage aquaculture farms that support precision aquaculture using the Internet of Things. The locations of aquaculture farms are diverse, which is a big challenge on accessibility. For offshore fish cages, there is a difficulty and risk in the continuous monitoring considering the presence of waves, water currents, and other underwater environmental factors. Aquaculture farm management and surveillance operations require collecting data on water quality, water pollutants, water temperature, fish behavior, and current/wave velocity, which requires tremendous labor cost, and effort. Unmanned vehicle technologies provide greater efficiency and accuracy to execute these functions. They are even capable of cage detection and illegal fishing surveillance when equipped with sensors and other technologies. Additionally, to provide a more large-scale scope, this document explores the capacity of unmanned vehicles as a communication gateway to facilitate offshore cages equipped with robust, low-cost sensors capable of underwater and in-air wireless connectivity. The capabilities of existing commercial systems, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence combined with drones are also presented to provide a precise aquaculture framework.

scholarly journals All-printed large-scale integrated circuits based on organic electrochemical transistors

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Andersson Ersman ◽  
Roman Lassnig ◽  
Jan Strandberg ◽  
Deyu Tu ◽  
Vahid Keshmiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Monolithically Integrated ◽  
Silicon Chips ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
Interface Devices ◽  
Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Abstract The communication outposts of the emerging Internet of Things are embodied by ordinary items, which desirably include all-printed flexible sensors, actuators, displays and akin organic electronic interface devices in combination with silicon-based digital signal processing and communication technologies. However, hybrid integration of smart electronic labels is partly hampered due to a lack of technology that (de)multiplex signals between silicon chips and printed electronic devices. Here, we report all-printed 4-to-7 decoders and seven-bit shift registers, including over 100 organic electrochemical transistors each, thus minimizing the number of terminals required to drive monolithically integrated all-printed electrochromic displays. These relatively advanced circuits are enabled by a reduction of the transistor footprint, an effort which includes several further developments of materials and screen printing processes. Our findings demonstrate that digital circuits based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) provide a unique bridge between all-printed organic electronics (OEs) and low-cost silicon chip technology for Internet of Things applications.

scholarly journals Method for rapid deployment of low-cost sensors for a nationwide project in the Internet of things era: Air quality monitoring in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 155014772095133
Author(s):  
Fan-Lun Chen ◽  
Kun-Hsing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Sensor Deployment ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Rapid Deployment

When the air quality problem of PM2.5 first raised public attention and an emerging low-cost sensor technology appeared suitable as a monitoring measure for said problem, Taiwan’s Environmental Protection Administration devised a nationwide project involving large-scale sensor deployment for effective pollution monitoring and management. However, the conventional siting optimization methods were inadequate for deploying thousands of sensors. Therefore, this study develops a rapid deployment method. The current results may serve as a reference for the Taiwan government for use in the aforementioned nationwide project, which is an environmental Internet of things–based plan involving 10,200 sensors to be deployed throughout the country. The four monitoring targets are classified as types of industry, traffic areas, communities, and remoteness, and a three-phase implementation structure is devised in the method. The open-source geographic information system software named QGIS was used to implement the proposed method with relevant spatial data from local open-data resources, which generated new, necessary geographic features and estimated sensor deployment quantity in Taiwan. The deployment result of the 10,200 sensors is 4790 in the type of industry, 708 of the traffic area, 3935 of the communities, and 767 of remoteness. The proposed method could serve as a useful foundation for the sensor deployment of environmental Internet of things. Policymakers may apply this method to budget allocation or integrate this method alongside conventional siting methods for the modification of deployment results based on the local monitoring requirements.

scholarly journals Fully Screen Printed Stretchable Electrochromic Displays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Linderhed ◽  
Ioannis Petsagkourakis ◽  
Peter Andersson Ersman ◽  
Valerio Beni ◽  
Klas Tybrandt
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Screen Printed

Abstract The advent of the Internet of Things and the growing interest in continuous monitoring by wearables have created a need for conformable and stretchable displays. Electrochromic displays (ECDs) are receiving attention as a cost-effective solution for many simple applications. However, stretchable ECDs have yet to be produced in a robust, large scale and cost-efficient manner. Here we develop a process for making fully screen printed stretchable ECDs. By evaluating commercially available inks with respect to electromechanical properties, including electrochromic PEDOT:PSS inks, our process can be directly applied in the manufacturing of stretchable organic electronic devices. The manufactured ECDs retained colour contrast with useful switching times at static strains up to 50 % and strain cycling up to 30 % strain. To further demonstrate the applicability of the technology, double-digit 7-segment ECDs were produced, which could conform to curved surfaces and be mounted onto stretchable fabrics while remaining fully functional. Based on their simplicity, robustness and processability, we believe that low cost printed stretchable ECDs can be easily scaled up and will find many applications within the rapidly growing markets of wearable electronics and the Internet of Things.

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